1. Couëpel B, Ducas J, Marchand AA, Bernier M, Abboud J, Descarreaux M. Comparing physical activity practice, pain and psychological characteristics in individuals with fibromyalgia and individuals with low back pain. Chiropr Man Therap. 2026 Feb 5. doi:10.1186/s12998-025-00625-9 PMid:41645185 PMCid:PMC12973637

2. Niederer D, Fleckenstein J, Floessel P, Tomschi F, Krempel L, Stoll J, et al. Comparative Effectiveness of Tailored Exercise Therapies Alone or Combined With Psychological Interventions for Chronic, Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review With Network Meta-analysis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2026;56(1):16-27.doi:10.2519/jospt.2025.13281 PMid:41476427

3. Wijnen J, Van Oosterwijck S, Dhondt E, Brandt M, Danneels L, Matheve T, et al. Patterns in anticipatory postural adjustment onset timing across multiple trunk muscles: Psychological correlates and participant clustering along the low back pain continuum. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2026;103496.doi:10.1016/j.msksp.2026.103496 PMid:41581495

4. Behera D, Venkatesan P, Jensen MP, Gopalakrishna DB, Patil A. The efficacy of hypnosis in chronic low back pain: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Integr Med. 2026;102605. doi:10.1016/j.eujim.2025.102605

5. Dupuis F, Tousignant-Laflamme Y, Deschênes PM, Fournier P, Nduwimana I, Ballot O, et al. Combining Noninvasive Brain Stimulation and Physiotherapy to Improve the Management of Chronic Low Back Pain in Veterans: Protocol for a Multi-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc. 2026;15(1):e78952.doi:10.2196/78952 PMid:41587077 PMCid:PMC12887568

6. Yalfani A, Raeisi Z, Koumasian Z. Effects of eight-week water versus mat pilates on female patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain: Double-blind randomized clinical trial. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2020; 24(4): 70-5. doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.06.002 PMid:33218568

7. Cimmino MA, Ferrone C, Cutolo M. Epidemiology of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2011;25(2):173-83. doi:10.1016/j.berh.2010.01.012 PMid:22094194

8. Aaron RV, Ravyts SG, Carnahan ND, Bhattiprolu K, Harte N, McCaulley CC, et al. Prevalence of depression and anxiety among adults with chronic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2025;8(3):e250268. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.0268 PMid:40053352 PMCid:PMC11889470

9. Yalfani A, Azizian M, Bashiri M, Azizpour M. Effect of Lumbo-Pelvic Rehabilitation on Pain Intensity in Patients with Chronic Non-specific Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review. J Shahid Sadoughi Univ Med Sci. 2025. doi:10.18502/ssu.v33i8.20046

10. Arango-Dávila CA, Rincón-Hoyos HG. Depressive disorder, anxiety disorder and chronic pain: multiple manifestations of a common clinical and pathophysiological core. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr (Engl Ed). 2018;47(1):46-55. doi:10.1016/j.rcpeng.2017.12.003 PMid:29428122

11. Higuchi D, Kondo Y, Watanabe Y, Miki T. Sex differences in the mediating effect of kinesiophobia on chronic pain, dysesthesia, and health-related quality of life in Japanese individuals aged 65 years old and older treated with surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis. Journal of Pain Research. 2022 Jun 30:1845-54. doi:10.2147/JPR.S366378

12. Nguyen T, Behrens M, Broscheid KC, Bielitzki R, Weber S, Libnow S, et al. Associations between gait performance and pain intensity, psychosocial factors, executive functions as well as prefrontal cortex activity in chronic low back pain patients: A cross-sectional fNIRS study. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023;10:1147907.doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.1147907 PMid:37215712 PMCid:PMC10196398

13. Jiang Y, Wang Y, Wang R, Zhang X, Wang X. Differences in pain, disability, and psychological function in low back pain patients with and without anxiety. Front Physiol. 2022;13:906461.doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.906461 PMid:36406992 PMCid:PMC9669742

14. Joyce CT, Chernofsky A, Lodi S, Sherman KJ, Saper RB, Roseen EJ. Do physical therapy and yoga improve pain and disability through psychological mechanisms? A causal mediation analysis of adults with chronic low back pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2022;52(7):470-83. doi:10.2519/jospt.2022.10813 PMid:35584010 PMCid:PMC9510936

15. Sakai Y, Watanabe T, Wakao N, Matsui H, Osada N, Sugiura T, et al. Proprioception and geriatric low back pain. Spine Surg Relat Res. 2022;6(5):422-32. doi:10.22603/ssrr.2021-0269 PMid:36348676 PMCid:PMC9605761

16. Zafar T, Zaki S, Alam MF, Sharma S, Babkair RA, Nuhmani S, et al. Effect of whole-body vibration exercise on pain, disability, balance, proprioception, functional performance and quality of life in people with non-specific chronic low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Med. 2024; 13(6): 1639. doi:10.3390/jcm13061639 PMid:38541865 PMCid:PMC10971737

17. Cheng X, Yang J, Hao Z, Li Y, Fu R, Zu Y, et al. The effects of proprioceptive weighting changes on posture control in patients with chronic low back pain: a cross-sectional study. Front Neurol. 2023; 14: 1144900. doi:10.3389/fneur.2023.1144900 PMid:37273697 PMCid:PMC10235490

18. Remer F, Keilani M, Kull P, Crevenna R. Effects of whole-body vibration therapy on pain, functionality, postural stability, and proprioception in patients with subacute and chronic non-specific low back pain: A systematic review. Wien Med Wochenschr. 2025;175(1):20-40. doi:10.1007/s10354-023-01026-4 PMid:37999785 PMCid:PMC11775043

19. French DJ, France CR, Vigneau F, French JA, Evans RT. Fear of movement/(re) injury in chronic pain: a psychometric assessment of the original English version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK). Pain. 2007;127(1-2):42-51. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2006.07.016 PMid:16962238

20. Ashoury H, Yalfani A, Azizian M. Aquatic and kinetic chain exercises for rehabilitation of chronic non-specific low back pain. Iran Rehabil J. 2025; 23(4):407-18.

21. Bashiri A, Letafatkar A, Yalfani A, Hadadnezhad M. The Effects of Hydrotherapy Prehabilitation Exercise on the Level of Pain and Core Muscles Electromyography in Chronic Low Back Pain Patients' Candidate of Laminectomy Surgery. Sci J Rehabil Med. 2021;10(4):806-21. doi:10.32598/SJRM.10.4.22

22. Chiarotto A, Koes BW. Nonspecific low back pain. N Engl J Med. 2022;386(18):1732-40.doi:10.1056/NEJMcp2032396 PMid:35507483

23. Turk DC, Dworkin RH, Trudeau JJ, Benson C, Biondi DM, Katz NP, et al. Validation of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in patients with acute low back pain. J Pain. 2015;16(10):1012-21.doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2015.07.001 PMid:26208762

24. Aghayari A, Eshaghian M, Ghojoghi M, Haghaverdian S. Prevalence of low back pain and its association with anxiety and depression in male and female nurses. Sci J Manage Syst. 2014;4(8):39-47.

25. Gregg CD, McIntosh G, Hall H, Watson H, Williams D, Hoffman CW. The relationship between the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia and low back pain rehabilitation outcomes. Spine J. 2015;15(12):2466-71. doi:10.1016/j.spinee.2015.08.018 PMid:26282104

26. Rezaie S, Yousef Zadeh S, Afshar-Negad T, Asghari-Moghadam MA, Zarrabi H. Determination of psychological factors related to physical disability in patients with chronic low back pain. Clin Psychol Res Pract Innov. 2011;3(1):39-53.

27. Ahmadi P, Letafatkar A. Comparing the effect of lumbo-pelvic general and selected exercises on pain, movement control and gluteal and tensor fascia lata muscles electromyography in subjects with lumbar movement controlling impairment. Med J Tabriz Univ Med Sci. 2018;40(3):7-15.

28. Ahn SE, Lee MY, Lee BH. Effects of gluteal muscle strengthening exercise-based core stabilization training on pain and quality of life in patients with chronic low back pain. Medicina. 2024; 60(6):849. doi:10.3390/medicina60060849 PMid:38929466 PMCid:PMC11205821

29. Yalfani A, Azizian M, Mohagheghi H, Zoghi Paidar MR, Gholami-Borujeni B. Effect of Adding Neurofeedback to Neuromuscular Training on Brain Waves in Athletes with Chronic Ankle Instability: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Sci J Rehabil Med. 2024; 13(1): 180-93. doi:10.32598/SJRM.13.1.12

30. Yalfani A, Bashiri M, Azizian M, Ghorbani Amjad G, Pirani M. Pre-rehabilitation exercise increases effectiveness of post-surgery rehabilitation for balance and hip muscles strength outcomes in males undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a randomized controlled trial. Sport Sci Health. 2026; 22(1):18.doi:10.1007/s11332-025-01599-0

31. Feyer AM, Herbison P, Williamson AM, de Silva I, Mandryk J, Hendrie L, et al. The role of physical and psychological factors in occupational low back pain: a prospective cohort study. Occup Environ Med. 2000; 57(2):116-20. doi:10.1136/oem.57.2.116 PMid:10711279 PMCid:PMC1739913

32. Linton SJ. A review of psychological risk factors in back and neck pain. Spine. 2000;25(9):1148-56.doi:10.1097/00007632-200005010-00017 PMid:10788861

33. Ahmadi P, Letafatkar A. Comparing the effect of lumbo-pelvic general and selected exercises on pain, movement control and gluteal and tensor fascia lata muscles electromyography in subjects with lumbar movement controlling impairment. Med J Tabriz Univ Med Sci. 2018;40(3):7-15.

34. Selkowitz DM, Beneck GJ, Powers CM. Which exercises target the gluteal muscles while minimizing activation of the tensor fascia lata? Electromyographic assessment using fine-wire electrodes. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2013; 43(2): 54-64. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.4116 PMid:23160432

35. Park C, Yi C, Choi WJ, Lim HS, Yoon HU, You SJ. Long-term effects of deep-learning digital therapeutics on pain, movement control, and preliminary cost-effectiveness in low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. Digital Health. 2023; 9: 20552076231217817. doi:10.1177/20552076231217817

36. Shamsi MB, Sarrafzadeh J, Jamshidi A. Comparing core stability and traditional trunk exercise on chronic low back pain patients using three functional lumbopelvic stability tests. Physiother Theory Pract. 2015;31(2):89-98. doi:10.3109/09593985.2014.959144 PMid:25317504

37. Paungmali A, Joseph LH, Sitilertpisan P, Pirunsan U, Uthaikhup S. Lumbopelvic core stabilization exercise and pain modulation among individuals with chronic nonspecific low back pain. Pain Pract. 2017; 17(8):1008-14. doi:10.1111/papr.12552 PMid:28042685

38. Yalfani A, Ahmadnezhad L, Gholami Borujeni B, Khoshnamvand Z. The effect of six weeks core stability exercise training on balance, pain and function in women with chronic low back pain. J Health Care. 2017;18(4):336-46.

39. Abdulabbas Alhusseini HA, Hrefish ZA, Hussein MA. A Review: The Relationship Between Exercise and Anxiety Levels. South Asian J Soc Sci Humanit. 2024;5(6). doi:10.48165/sajssh.2024.5603

40. Moheboleslam Z, Mohammad Rahimi N, Aminzadeh R. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of stabilizing exercises for lumbopelvic region impact in postpartum women with low back and pelvic pain. Biol Res Nurs. 2022;24(3):338-49. doi:10.1177/10998004221081083PMid:35343270

41. Azizmohammadi S, Seidi F, Zandi S. Effect of a lumbopelvic stability training program on lower extremity kinematic parameters in low back pain developers during single-leg squat. Phys Ther Sport. 2025;73:181-91.doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.04.007 PMid:40288049