History and Objectives: Considering the incremental trend for using the stimulatory drugs for ovulation and the new techniques for the treatment of infertility, therefore there is a higher incidence for the syndrome of polycystic ovaries. In this research study mannitol serum was used as a preventive agent in patients with such a syndrome referred to Sarem medical center from 1999 to 2000.

Materials and Methods: The clinical trial of this study was carried out on 228 patients with polycystic ovaries. They have been treated by stimulatory agents of ovulation (Human chorionic gonadotropin and human menopausal gonadotropin) and were divided into case and control groups. The former received daily injection of mannitol serum (0.5 g/kg of body weight) and the control group received no treatment. For evaluation of the efficacy of mannitol, the parameters blood pressure, hemoglobin, hematocrit and WBC were measured and statistical t-test was used.

Results: Out of the total 228, 132 patients were included in the control group and the remainder (96 patients) comprised the case group. Both group were similar regarding age, weight, blood pressure, hemoglobin, Hct and WBC before using mannitol serum. The results showed that 100% and 25% of patients in control and case groups respectively had OHSS. The systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 87±10.7 and 54±10 in control group and were 112±5.6 and 63±14 mmHg in case group respectively. The level of hemoglobin, Hct and number of WBC were 15.7±1.5, 45.3±7 and 13548±6165 in control group and were 12.6±0.7, 38.3±3.8 and 77525±1523 in case group respectively. The difference between case and control groups was significant statistically (P<0.001).

Conclusion: It is concluded that the administration of mannitol serum can prevent the severe form of OHSS and can attenuate the mild and severe forms of OHSS. Therefore it is recommended to perform more intensive researches to find the beneficial effects of mannitol serum.