1. Ghaffari M, Salemi Z, Goodarzi M, Ghaasemi M, Rafee E. comparison of serum visfatin levels in restricted diet rats,type2 diabetic rats and insulin resistance rats with normal rats. JFUMS 2015; 5(3): 435-43. [in Persian]

2. Reddy KJ, Singh M, Bangit JR, Batsell RR. The role of insulinresistance in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovasculardisease: an updated review. J Cardiovasc Med 2010; 11(9):633-47.

3. Gil A, Olza J, Gil-Campos M, Gomez-Llorente C, Aguilera CM. Is adipose tissue metabolically different at different sites? Int J Pediatri Obes 2011; 6(1): 13-20.

4. Hill JO, Wyatt HR, Peters JC. Energy balance and obesity. Circulation 2012; 126(1):126-32.

5. Lee JJ, Britton KA, Pedley A, Massaro JM, Speliotes EK, Murabito JM, et al. Adipose tissue depots and their cross‐sectional associations with circulating biomarkers of metabolic regulation. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5(5): 1-13.

6. Jeremic N, Chaturvedi P, Tyagi SC. Browning of white fat: novel insight into factors, mechanisms, and therapeutics. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232(1):61-8.

7. Lefterova MI, Haakonsson AK, Lazar MA, Mandrup S. PPARγ and the global map of adipogenesis and beyond. Trends Endocrin Metab 2014; 25(6): 293-302.

8. Siersbæk R, Nielsen R, Mandrup S. PPARγ in adipocyte differentiation and metabolism–Novel insights from genome‐wide studies. FEBS Lett 2010; 584(15): 3242-9.

9. Lo KA, Sun L. Turning WAT into BAT: a review on regulators controlling the browning of white adipocytes. Biosci Rep 2013; 33(5): 711-9.

10. Janani C, Kumari BR. PPAR gamma gene–a review. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2015; 9(1): 46-50.

11. Chi J, Cohen P. The multifaceted roles of PRDM16: adipose biology and beyond. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2016; 27(1): 11-23.

12. Seale P, Conroe HM, Estall J, Kajimura S, Frontini A, Ishibashi J, et al. Prdm16 determines the thermogenic program of subcutaneous white adipose tissue in mice. J Clin Invest 2011; 121(1): 96-105.

13. Cohen P, Levy JD, Zhang Y, Frontini A, Kolodin DP, Svensson KJ, et al. Ablation of PRDM16 and beige adipose causes metabolic dysfunction and a subcutaneous to visceral fat switch. Cell 2014; 156(1): 304-16.

14. Harms MJ, Lim HW, Ho Y, Shapira SN, Ishibashi J, Rajakumari S, et al. PRDM16 binds MED1 and controls chromatin architecture to determine a brown fat transcriptional program. Genes Dev 2015; 29(3): 298-307.

15. Heydari M, Freund J, Boutcher SH. The effect of high-intensity intermittent exercise on body composition of overweight young males. J Obes 2012; 1-8.

16. Porcari J, Bryant C, Comana F. Exercise physiology. FA Davis 2015; 36-62.

17. Colberg SR, Sigal RJ, Fernhall B, Regensteiner JG, Blissmer BJ, Rubin RR, et al. Exercise and type 2 diabetes: the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Diabetes Association: joint position statement executive summary. Diabetes Care 2010; 33(12): 2692-6.

18. Khoramshahi S. Effect of five weeks of high-intensity interval training on the expression of miR-23a and Atrogin-1 in gastrocnemius muscles of diabetic male rats. Iran J Endo Metab 2017; 18 (5): 361-7. [in Persian]

19. Petridou A, Tsalouhidou S, Tsalis G, Schulz T, Michna H, Mougios V. Long-term exercise increases the DNA binding activity of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ in rat adipose tissue. Metab 2007; 56(8): 1029-36.

20. Ringholm S, Knudsen JG, Leick L, Lundgaard A, Nielsen MM, Pilegaard H. PGC-1α is required for exercise-and exercise training-induced UCP1 up-regulation in mouse white adipose tissue. PloS one 2013; 8(5): e64123.

21. Fathi R, Ebrahimi M, Sanami SK. Effects of High Fat Diet and High Intensity Aerobic Training on Interleukin 6 Plasma Levels in Rats. Pathobiol Res 2015; 18(3):109-16. [in Persian]

22. Safhi MM, Anwer T, Khan G, Siddiqui R, Moni Sivakumar S, Alam MF. The combination of canagliflozin and omega-3 fatty acid ameliorates insulin resistance and cardiac biomarkers via modulation of inflammatory cytokines in type 2 diabetic rats. Korean J Physiolo Pharmacol 2018; 22(5): 493-501.

23. Khalili A, Nekooeian AA, Khosravi MB. Oleuropein improves glucose tolerance and lipid profile in rats with simultaneous renovascular hypertension and type 2 diabetes. J Asian nat prod Res 2017; 19(10):1011-21.

24. Fallahi A, Gaeini A, Shekarfroush S, Khoshbaten A. Cardioprotective effect of high intensity interval training and nitric oxide metabolites (NO2−, NO3−). Iran J Public Health 2015; 44(9): 1270-6. [in Persian]

25. Khani M, Motamedi P, Dehkhoda MR, Nikukheslat SD, Karimi P. Effect of thyme extract supplementation on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant capacity, PGC-1α content and endurance exercise performance in rats. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2017; 14 (1): 1-8.

26. Haczeyni F, Barn V, Mridha AR, Yeh MM, Estevez E, Febbraio MA, et al. Exercise improves adipose function and inflammation and ameliorates fatty liver disease in obese diabetic mice. Obes 2015; 23(9): 1845-55.

27. Liu WX, Wang T, Zhou F, Wang Y, Xing JW, Zhang S, et al. Voluntary exercise prevents colonic inflammation in high-fat diet-induced obese mice by up-regulating PPAR-γ activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 459(3): 475-80.

28. Turgut M, Cinar V, Pala R, Tuzcu M, Orhan C, Telceken H, et al. Biotin and chromium histidinate improve glucose metabolism and proteins expression levels of IRS-1, PPAR-γ, and NF-κB in exercise-trained rats. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2018; 15(1):45.

29. Nedergaard J, Cannon B. The browning of white adipose tissue: some burning issues. Cell Metab 2014; 20(3): 396-407.

30. Inagaki T, Sakai J, Kajimura S. Transcriptional and epigenetic control of brown and beige adipose cell fate and function. Nat Rev Mol Cell Bio 2016; 17(8): 480-95.

31. Wang S, Dougherty EJ, Danner RL. PPARγ signaling and emerging opportunities for improved therapeutics. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:76-85.

32. Stanford KI, Middelbeek RJ, Goodyear LJ. Exercise effects on white adipose tissue: beiging and metabolic adaptations. Diabet 2015; 64(7): 2361-8.

33. Afshari S, Kordi MR, Mohammad-Amoli M, Daneshyar S. The Effect of Continuous Aerobic Training (CAT) and High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on Gene Expression of positive regulatory domain-containing protein 16 (PRDM16) in White Adipose tissue of Wistar Rats. J Sport Bioscien 2018; 201-10. [in Persian]

34. Seale P, Conroe HM, Estall J, Kajimura S, Frontini A, Ishibashi J, et al. Prdm16 determines the thermogenic program of subcutaneous white adipose tissue in mice. J Clin Invest 2011; 121(1): 96-105

35. Kajimura S, Spiegelman BM, Seale P. Brown and beige fat: physiological roles beyond heat generation. Cell Metab 2015; 22(4): 546-59.

36. Cao L, Choi EY, Liu X, Martin A, Wang C, Xu X, et al. White to brown fat phenotypic switch induced by genetic and environmental activation of a hypothalamic-adipocyte axis. Cell Metab 2011; 14(3):324-38.

37. Boström P, Wu J, Jedrychowski MP, Korde A, Ye L, Lo JC, Rasbach KA, Boström EA, Choi JH, Long JZ, Kajimura S. A PGC1-α-dependent myokine that drives brown-fat-like development of white fat and thermogenesis. Nat 2012; 481(7382):463.

38. Hirata M, Suzuki M, Ishii R, Satow R, Uchida T, Kitazumi T, et al. Genetic defect in phospholipase Cδ1 protects mice from obesity by regulating thermogenesis and adipogenesis. Diabet 2011; 1926-37.