History and Objectives: Urinary tract infection is one of the most prevalent among children. Its diagnosis and treatment is very important. Urine analysis and leukocyte detection is the corner stone on the detection of urinary tract infection. The present study was carried out to find a relationship between the number of urinary leukocytes and the extent of infection (High temperature, high ESR) in Shaheed Beheshti hospital in 1994-1995.

Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out on existing data from hospital records on patients with diagnosis of urinary tract infection. Personal records, leukocyte count, ESR body temperature was recorded.

Results: From 117 children (105 girls, 12 boys), 42% were in the age group of 1-5 years, 30% were under the age of one and 28% were above the age of five. There were no correlation between leukocyte count and ESR and leukocyte count and body temperature among patients with urinary tract infection.

Conclusion: Urinary tract infection is usually is accompanied with elevated leukocyte count, high ESR value and augmented body temperature. Since urine analysis with low leukocyte count dose not require extensive treatment and since ESR and urine culture is more informative in the assessment of the disease, further research is needed to require.