1. Cacioppo S, Capitanio JP, Cacioppo JT. Toward a neurology of loneliness. Psychol Bull. 2014; 140(6): 1464-504. doi.10.1037/a0037618 PMid:25222636 PMCid:PMC5130107

2. Diendorfer T, Riebenbauer S, Weber S, Karwautz A, Wagner G, Wenter J, et al. Determinants of social connectedness in children and early adolescents with mental disorder: A systematic literature review. Dev Rev. 2021; 60: 100960. doi.10.1016/j.dr.2021.100960

3. Hare-Duke L, Dening T, de Oliveira D, Milner K, Slade M. Conceptual framework for social connectedness in mental disorders: Systematic review and narrative synthesis. J Affect Disord. 2019; 245: 188-99. doi.10.1016/j.jad.2018.10.359 PMid:30396057

4. Vanalphen B, Van Dijk S. Personality disorders. In: Pachana NA, editor. Encycl Geropsychol. 2016. Springer. doi.10.1007/978-981-287-080-3_175-1

5. Weiss R. Loneliness: The experience of emotional and social isolation. Cambridge (MA): MIT Press; 1975.

6. Karcher M. Measuring adolescent connectedness: Four validation studies. Poster presented at the Annu Conv Am Psychol Assoc; 2001; San Francisco, CA.

7. Calcaterra V, Vandoni M, Rossi V, Rizzo A, Massini G, Grazi R, et al. Dietary habits, depression and obesity: an intricate relationship to explore in pediatric preventive strategies. Front Pediatr. 2024; 12: 1368283. doi.10.3389/fped.2024.1368283 PMid:38523835 PMCid:PMC10957686

8. Martin SE, Wilkinson LL, McGraw AP, Vujicic T, Brown R, Smith TP, et al. The role of diet on the gut microbiome, mood and happiness. medRxiv. 2023. doi.10.1101/2023.03.18.23287442

9. Nyaradi A, Li J, Hickling S, Foster J, Oddy WH. The role of nutrition in children's neurocognitive development, from pregnancy through childhood. Front Hum Neurosci. 2013; 7: 97. doi.10.3389/fnhum.2013.00097 PMid:23532379 PMCid:PMC3607807

10. Mayer EA. Gut feelings: the emerging biology of gut-brain communication. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2011;12(8):453-66. doi.10.1038/nrn3071 PMid:21750565 PMCid:PMC3845678

11. Tillisch K, Labus J, Kilpatrick L, Jiang Z, Stains J, Ebrat B, et al. Consumption of fermented milk product with probiotic modulates brain activity. Gastroenterology. 2013;144(7):1394-401.e1-4. doi.10.1053/j.gastro.2013.02.043 PMid:23474283 PMCid:PMC3839572

12. Firth J, Gangwisch JE, Borsini A, Wootton RE, Mayer EA. Food and mood: how do diet and nutrition affect mental wellbeing? BMJ. 2020; 369: m2382. doi.10.1136/bmj.m2382 PMid:32601102 PMCid:PMC7322666

13. Hoffman BU, Lumpkin EA. A gut feeling. Science. 2018; 361(6408): 1203-4. doi.10.1126/science.aau9973 PMid:30237346

14. Björntorp P, Rosmond R. Neuroendocrine abnormalities in visceral obesity. Int J Obes. 2000; 24(Suppl 2): S80-5. doi.10.1038/sj.ijo.0801285 PMid:10997616

15. Steptoe A, Wardle J. Cardiovascular stress responsivity, body mass and abdominal adiposity. Int J Obes. 2005; 29(11): 1329-37. doi.10.1038/sj.ijo.0803011 PMid:15953935

16. Bahreynian M, Paknahad Z, Maracy MR. Major dietary patterns and their associations with overweight and obesity among Iranian children. Int J Prev Med. 2013; 4(4): 448-58.

17. Kaiser LL, Martinez NA, Horowitz M, Lamp CL, Johns MC, Ginsburg DC, et al. Correlates of food patterns in young Latino children at high risk of obesity. Public Health Nutr. 2015; 18(16): 3042-50. doi.10.1017/S1368980014003309 PMid:25631174 PMCid:PMC10271477

18. Wang X, Tan J, Zhu X, He Y, Huang Y, Xu Z, et al. Association between dietary quality and executive functions in school-aged children with autism spectrum disorder. Front Nutr. 2022; 9: 940246. doi.10.3389/fnut.2022.940246 PMid:35990364 PMCid:PMC9386179

19. Masini A, Palla L, Di Dio C, Leone A, Iannotti L, Gasperoni F, et al. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet in children and adolescents and association with multiple outcomes: An umbrella review. Healthcare (Basel). 2024; 12(4). doi.10.3390/healthcare12040449 PMid:38391824 PMCid:PMC10887852

20. Haapala EA, Eloranta A-M, Venäläinen T, Schwab U, Lindi V, Lakka TA. Associations of diet quality with cognition in children-the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children Study. Br J Nutr. 2015; 114(7): 1080-7. doi.10.1017/S0007114515001634 PMid:26270999

21. Northstone K, Joinson C, Emmett P, Ness A, Paus T. Are dietary patterns in childhood associated with IQ at 8 years of age? A population-based cohort study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2012; 66(7): 624-8. doi.10.1136/jech.2010.111955 PMid:21300993

22. Albataineh SR, Badran EF, Tayyem RF. Dietary factors and their association with childhood obesity in the Middle East: A systematic review. Nutr Health. 2019; 25(1): 53-60.doi.10.1177/0260106018803243 PMid:30282516

23. Hemmati A, Sadeghi R, Hassanzadeh-Rostami Z, Hosseini-Baharanchi FS, Hosseini SA, Sadeghi-Bazargani H, et al. The association between dietary patterns and depression in adolescents: A cross-sectional study. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2021; 46: 271-5. doi.10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.09.743 PMid:34857208

24. Ariyanfar S, Falsafi T, Khoshdel A, Pahlevan M, Nikmanesh F, Khalili N, et al. The association between dairy intake and migraine odds among pediatrics and adolescents: A case-control study. Iran J Child Neurol. 2022; 16(1): 105-22.

25. Santrock JW. Life-span development. New York (NY): McGraw-Hill Education; 2021.

26. Esfahani FH, Asghari G, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Reproducibility and relative validity of food group intake in a food frequency questionnaire developed for the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. J Epidemiol. 2010; 20(2): 150-8. doi.10.2188/jea.JE20090083 PMid:20154450 PMCid:PMC3900814

27. Berument SK, Rutter M, Lord C, Pickles A, Bailey A. Autism screening questionnaire: diagnostic validity. Br J Psychiatry. 1999; 175(5): 444-51. doi.10.1192/bjp.175.5.444 PMid:10789276

28. Tavakolian N, Sadeghi-Bahmani D, Niknam Z, Zarei M, Brand S. Concurrent and discriminant validity of the Farsi translation of the Social Responsiveness Scale-Second Edition (SRS-2) and Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ). Iran J Psychiatry. 2024; 19(2):221-8. doi.10.18502/ijps.v19i2.15108 PMid:38686312 PMCid:PMC11055970

29. Kowalski KC, Crocker PR, Donen RM. The physical activity questionnaire for older children (PAQ-C) and adolescents (PAQ-A) manual. Coll Kinesiol Univ Saskatchewan. 2004; 87(1): 1-38.

30. Zarei M, Shahraki T, Noroozi M, Noordin NM, Yusoff NA. Nutritional status of adolescents attending the Iranian secondary school in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Glob J Health Sci. 2014; 6(6): 185-97. doi.10.5539/gjhs.v6n6p185 PMid:25363094 PMCid:PMC4825504

31. Ćatović A. Dietary patterns. In: Hay P, editor. Recent updates in eating disorders. London: IntechOpen; 2022. doi.10.5772/intechopen.108367 PMid:36758611 PMCid:PMC10113037

32. Esmaillzadeh A, Kimiagar M, Mehrabi Y, Azadbakht L, Hu FB, Willett WC. Dietary patterns, insulin resistance, and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007; 85(3): 910-8. doi.10.1093/ajcn/85.3.910 PMid:17344515

33. Kim JO. Factor analysis: Statistical methods and practical issues. Beverly Hills (CA): Sage Publ; 1978.

34. Naja F, Nasreddine L, Itani L, Adra N, Sibai AM, Hwalla N. A Western dietary pattern is associated with overweight and obesity in a national sample of Lebanese adolescents (13-19 years): a cross-sectional study. Br J Nutr. 2015; 114(11): 1909-19. doi.10.1017/S0007114515003657 PMid:26431469 PMCid:PMC4635384

35. López-Taboada I, González-Pardo H, Conejo NM. Western diet: implications for brain function and behavior. Front Psychol. 2020;11:564413. doi.10.3389/fpsyg.2020.564413 PMid:33329193 PMCid:PMC7719696

36. Nishi SK, Fernández-Barrés S, Zazpe I, Becerra-Tomás N, Wärnberg J, Vioque J, et al. Mediterranean, DASH, and MIND dietary patterns and cognitive function: The 2-year longitudinal changes in an older Spanish cohort. Front Aging Neurosci. 2021; 13: 782067. doi.10.3389/fnagi.2021.782067 PMid:34966270 PMCid:PMC8710807

37. Bakırhan H, Özkaya V, Pehlivan M. Mediterranean diet is associated with better gastrointestinal health and quality of life, and less nutrient deficiency in children/adolescents with disabilities. Front Public Health. 2023;11:1243513. doi.10.3389/fpubh.2023.1243513 PMid:37841737 PMCid:PMC10569414

38. Lahoda Brodska H, Polivkova Z, Martinkova J, Buncova M, Palicka V. The role of micronutrients in neurological disorders. Nutrients. 2023; 15(19): 4231. doi.10.3390/nu15194129 PMid:37836413 PMCid:PMC10574090

39. Cohen Kadosh K, Johnson MH, Cohen D, Ashkenazi S, Huleihel M, Golan HM, et al. Nutritional support of neurodevelopment and cognitive function in infants and young children-An update and novel insights. Nutrients. 2021; 13(1): 199. doi.10.3390/nu13010199 PMid:33435231 PMCid:PMC7828103

40. Jacques A, Chaaya N, Beecher K, Ali SA, Belmer A, Bartlett SE. The impact of sugar consumption on stress driven, emotional and addictive behaviors. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2019; 103: 178-99. doi.10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.021 PMid:31125634

41. Clemente-Suárez VJ, Beltrán-Velasco AI, Ruisoto P, Laborde-Casterot H, Martínez-Guardado I, Navarro-Jiménez E, et al. Global impacts of Western diet and its effects on metabolism and health: A narrative review. Nutrients. 2023; 15(12): 2676. doi.10.3390/nu15122749 PMid:37375654 PMCid:PMC10302286

42. Nishi SK, Fernández-Barrés S, Zazpe I, Wärnberg J, Becerra-Tomás N, Salas-Salvadó J, et al. Impact of nut consumption on cognition across the lifespan. Nutrients. 2023; 15(4):878. doi: 10.3390/nu15041000 PMID: 36839359 PMCID: PMC9965316

43. Zhang R, Lu Y, Li X, Yuan J, Li J, Wang Y, et al. The gut microbiome, immune modulation, and cognitive decline: Insights on the gut-brain axis. Front Immunol. 2025; 16: 1529958. doi.10.3389/fimmu.2025.1529958 PMid:39911400 PMCid:PMC11794507

44. Aziz T, Chen H, Wang Y, Liu S, Zhang C, Jiang J, et al. Elucidating the role of diet in maintaining gut health to reduce the risk of obesity, cardiovascular and other age-related inflammatory diseases: Recent challenges and future recommendations. Gut Microbes. 2024; 16(1): 2297864. doi.10.1080/19490976.2023.2297864 PMid:38174551 PMCid:PMC10773664

45. Randeni N, Bordiga M, Xu B. A comprehensive review of the triangular relationship among diet-gut microbiota-inflammation. Int J Mol Sci. 2024; 25(17): 9742. doi.10.3390/ijms25179366 PMid:39273314 PMCid:PMC11394685

46. Ma X, Sun X, He Y, Liu Y, Lu Y, Liu F, et al. Excessive intake of sugar: An accomplice of inflammation. Front Immunol. 2022; 13: 988481. doi.10.3389/fimmu.2022.988481 PMid:36119103 PMCid:PMC9471313

47. Ganjeh BJ, Sadeghi R, Maracy MR, Khademi GR, Hoseini BL, Abbasi S, et al. The relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern during early pregnancy and behavioral, mood and cognitive development in children under 1 year of age: A prospective cohort study. Nutr Neurosci. 2024; 27(7): 726-33. doi.10.1080/1028415X.2023.2249635 PMid:37624042

48. Caamaño-Navarrete F, Navarro-Guzmán C, Jara C, Olivares F, Maldonado L, Bustos C, et al. Association between food habits with mental health and executive function in Chilean children and adolescents. Children (Basel). 2025; 12(3):268. doi.10.3390/children12030268 PMid:40150551 PMCid:PMC11940930

49. da Silva LEM, Costa CDS, Farias DRS, de Andrade PA, Silva NML, Ribeiro AQ, et al. Dietary pattern and depressive outcomes in children and adolescents: Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Nutr Rev. 2025. doi.10.1093/nutrit/nuae182 PMid:40233215

50. Zhao F, Liu Z, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Wang Z. The association between coparenting behavior and internalizing/externalizing problems of children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022; 19(16): 10045. doi.10.3390/ijerph191610346 PMid:36011980 PMCid:PMC9407961

51. Zhao D, Gao W, Wang Y, Liu X, Yu Y, Zhang H, et al. Association between dietary habits and emotional and behavioral problems in children: The mediating role of self-concept. Front Nutr. 2025; 12: 1426485. doi.10.3389/fnut.2025.1426485 PMid:40123936 PMCid:PMC11925766