History and Objectives: Considering the significance and role of blood lipid in cardiovascular disorders and lack of information on the effect of consumption of Iranian animal fat on blood lipids, this study was carried out in rural areas of Birjand.

Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 30 rural inhabitants, consuming mainly animal fat (Case group) and 30 ones consuming mainly saturated solid plant-derived oil (Control group). Both groups were similar regarding personal characteristics, social activities and existing disorders. Fasting blood samples were collected and levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL were determined. For statistical analysis, t-test was used.

Results: Both groups were similar regarding age, gender, related factors and level of blood lipids. In this respect the difference between two groups was not significant. The level of total cholesterol was 232±7.6 in case group and in control group was 195.3±40.9 (P<0.001). The level of other parameters in case group was 8-20% of control group.

Conclusion and Recommendations: Long-term consumption of animal fat could lower the level of blood lipids. Therefore, it is recommended to carry out similar studies in other regions.