Background: Febrile convulsion is the most common neurological disorder in children below the age of 6. Considering the important role of mothers to control the disease, the present study was carried out to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers of children with febrile convulsion at Kashan, during 2006-2007.

Materials and Methods: Using a cross-sectional design this study was carried out on 106 mothers of children with febrile convulsion (classicified into two groups based on receiving/not receiving the educational program) at Kashan during 2006-2007. The educated group consisted of 34 cases. The questionnaire consisted of 49 questions: 18 questions on identity 7 questions on knowledge 16 questions on attitude and 8 questions on practice. Statistical analyses were done using descriptive indices, Fisher-exact and Chi-square tests.

Results: 32 cases (30/2%) had poor, 44 (41/5%) moderate and 30 (28/3%) good knowledge. Among the educated mothers 11 cases (32.3%) had good, 19 cases (55.9%) moderate and 4 cases (11.8%) poor knowledge, while in uneducated mothers 19 cases (26.4%) had good, 25 cases (34.7%) moderate and 28 cases (38.9%) poor knowledge (p<0.05). Twenty-four cases (22/6%) had poor, 45 cases (42/5%) moderate and 37 cases (34/9%) good attitude. In the educated mothers 15 (44.1%) had good attitude, 6 (47.1%) had moderate attitude and 3 (8.8%) had poor attitude, while in uneducated mothers 22 (30.5%) had good attitude, 29 (40.3%) had moderate attitude and 21 (29.2%) had poor attitude (p>0.05). Sixty-four cases (60/4%) had poor, 29 cases (27/4%) moderate and 13 cases (38/8%) good practice. In the educated mothers 7 cases (20.6%) had good, 14 cases (41.2%) and 13 cases (38.8%) poor practices, while in uneducated mothers 6 cases (8.4%) had good practices, 15 cases (20.8%) moderate practices and 51cases (70.8%) poor practices (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Considering the first line role of mothers in treatment, improving their knowledge, attitude and practice through providing educational pamphlets to help the children with febrile convulsion is considered vital.