Background: Best choice for end stage renal disease (ESRD) is replacement therapy and kidney transplantation. Pre/post transplantation diabetes mellitus (DM) has adverse effects on both the patient and new kidney. In this study the effects of DM before and after the transplantation were compared with complications and outcomes of the procedure in kidney transplanted patients during 2002- 2007.

Materials and Methods: In this historical cohort study patients were divided into 3 groups: group I with DM before graft, group II with DM after the transplantation and group III left non diabetic. All information were evaluated based on the delayed function of graft (DGF), rejection possibility, systemic infections, cancer, relapse of renal disease, cardiovascular disease and subsequent death.

Results: One hundred five patients were included in this study (35 in each group). Mean age of the group I, II and III were 47, 47.3, and 47.1 respectively. Also, the incidence of outcomes and complications was 82.9%, 57.1% and 22.9% respectively. The one year survival of transplanted kidneys in each group was 68.5%, 77.1% and 91.4% and the one year survival of patients was 82.8%, 88.5% and 97.1% respectively.

Conclusion: The prevalence of post transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) in this research was 21%. The rate of complications and death in pre transplantation DM patients was higher than that in PTDM patients. Also, this rate was the lowest in non diabetic patients. In conclusion, due to the adverse effects of DM or PTDM, the accurate follow up of patients in terms of blood sugar monitoring and complications is suggested.