History and Objectives: Oxyuriasis is a parasitic disease with several known side effects. The prevalence of the disease is varied. The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of the disease in mountainous and desert regions of Kashan among children (Under 10 years of age) in 1996.

Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was carried out on 1221 children. Volunteers were selected randomly from 8 mountainous villages (859 children) and 4 desert rural areas (362 children). Sampling was bases on the population distribution and in each village all children were selected. Scoth type method were used to investigation the presence of infectious agents, after proper instructions were given to the individuals and their parents. All test were performed at the Parasitology Laboratory of Kashan Medical University by parasitologists. Descriptive statistical analysis was presented.

Results: The rate of Oxyuriasis infection in the region was 31.3%. The rate of infection in mountainous and desert regions were 35.7% and 20.7% respectively. Older individuals and larger families displayed higher rate of infection. Personal hygiene in desert regions is better compared to mountainous regions and the rate of infection in mountainous regions is higher.

Conclusion: The rate of infection is significant in the region. Analytical studies are required to further investigate the underlying cause of the infection and experimental studies are needed to reduce the rate of infection. It seems that environmental factors more than personal factors are responsible of the widespread infection and measures are suggested in order to improve hygiene.