[Home ] [Archive]   [ فارسی ]  
:: Main :: About :: Current Issue :: Archive :: Search :: Submit :: Contact ::
Main Menu
Home::
Journal Information::
Indexing Sources::
Guide for Authors::
Online Submission::
Ethics::
Articles archive::
For Reviewers::
Contact us::
AI::
::
Basic and Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition
..
DOAJ
..
CINAHL
..
EBSCO
..
IMEMR
..
ISC
..
Search in website

Advanced Search
..
Receive site information
Enter your Email in the following box to receive the site news and information.
..
enamad
..
:: Volume 29, Issue 6 (Bimonthly 2025) ::
Feyz Med Sci J 2025, 29(6): 567-579 Back to browse issues page
The effect of aerobic exercise combined with electrical stimulation on the expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 genes in the muscle tissue of obese rats with caloric restriction
Hasan Sharifi , Mohamad Malekipooya * , Mehdi Roozbahani , Mehdi Morady , Mojtaba Khansooz
, Mo.malekipooya@iau.ac.ir
Abstract:   (560 Views)
Background and Aim: High-fat diets can lead to cellular dysfunction, mitochondrial damage, and activation of apoptotic pathways. Conversely, interventions such as aerobic exercise and muscle electrical stimulation may mitigate apoptosis by inducing cellular adaptations. This study investigated the separate and combined effects of a period of aerobic exercise and electrical stimulation on the expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 genes in the skeletal muscle of obese rats under caloric restriction.
Methods: In this experimental study, 50 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups of ten: 1) Aerobic exercise, 2) Electrical stimulation, 3) Aerobic exercise combined with electrical stimulation, 4) Obese control with caloric restriction, and 5) Obese control without caloric restriction. Obesity was induced using a high-calorie diet (consisting of peanuts, milk chocolate, and sweet biscuits in a 2:2:1:3 ratio). The aerobic exercise protocol was conducted for four weeks, five sessions per week, each lasting 60 minutes at 55–60% of VO₂max. Electrical stimulation was applied for 20 minutes daily. The expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 genes was measured using real-time PCR. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Results: The combination of aerobic exercise and electrical stimulation resulted in a significant reduction in caspase-3 gene expression compared to the aerobic exercise, electrical stimulation, caloric-restricted control, and non-restricted control groups (P < 0.0001). Regarding caspase-9, a significant increase was observed in the combined group compared to the electrical stimulation, caloric-restricted control, and non-restricted control groups (P < 0.0001).
Conclusion: Aerobic exercise and electrical stimulation appear to exert distinct effects on the expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in the skeletal muscle of obese rats, both individually and in combination. These findings suggest that the combined intervention may have the most pronounced modulatory effect on key apoptotic markers, potentially providing a suitable framework for regulating caspase protease activity.
Keywords: Aerobic exercise, Electrical stimulation, Caspase-3, Caspase-9, Obesity
     
Type of Study: Research | Subject: medicine, paraclinic
Received: 2025/08/7 | Revised: 2025/12/29 | Accepted: 2025/10/25 | Published: 2025/12/30
References
1. Subramaniyan V, Hanim YU. Role of pancreatic lipase inhibition in obesity treatment: mechanisms and challenges towards current insights and future directions. Int J Obes. 2025; 49(3): 1-5. doi.10.1038/s41366-025-01729-1.
2. Sørensen TI. Forecasting the global obesity epidemic through 2050. Lancet. 2025; 405(10481): 756-7. doi.10.1016/S0140-6736(25)00260-0 PMid:40049184
3. Bosch-Sierra N, Grau-del Valle C, Hermenejildo J, Hermo-Argibay A, Salazar JD, Garrido M, Navajas-Porras B, Sáez G, Morillas C, Bañuls C. The impact of weight loss on inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function in subjects with obesity. Antioxidants. 2024;13(7):870. doi.10.3390/antiox13070870 PMid:39061938 PMCid:PMC11273387
4. Cenini G, Lloret A, Cascella R. Oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases: from a mitochondrial point of view. Oxidative Med Cell Longev. 2019; 2019(1): 2105607. doi.10.1155/2019/2105607 PMid:31210837 PMCid:PMC6532273
5. Kazemi M, Hosseini SF, Torabi Palat Kaleh G. Effect of aerobic training and royal jelly on some factors of cardiac apoptosis in obese rats. Daneshvar Med. 2022; 30(5):49-61. doi.10.22070/daneshmed.2022.16345.1226.
6. Yeganeh Hashemi A, Sarmi A, Afarinesh MR. Studying the Effect of 12 Weeks of Resistance Training with Sumac Supplementation on Inflammatory and Apoptotic Indices in Male Alzheimer's Mice. JSSU. 2025; 32(12):8523-33. doi.10.18502/ssu.v32i12.17945
7. Jafari A, Pourrazi H, Nikookheslat S, Baradaran B. Effect of Exercise Training on Bcl-2 and Bax Gene Expression in the Rat Heart. GCT. 2015; 2(4): 1-6. doi.10.17795/gct-32833
8. Behaein B, Abednatanzi H, Gholami M, Ghazalian F. Apoptotic changes of cardiac tissue after HIIT and thyme honey in type 2 diabetic rats. JAHSSP. 2022; 9(2):23-36. doi.10.22049/jahssp.2022.27879.1480.
9. Dehghanizadeh B, Fallahmohammadi Z, Taheri Kalani A, Mirghani SJ. Effects of Aerobic Training on Caspase-3 Expression and Apoptosis in Hippocampus of Rats after Brain Ischemic Stroke. J Shahid Sadoughi Univ Med Sci. 2022;30(1):4431-40. doi.10.18502/ssu.v30i1.9098
10. Sbierski-Kind J, Mai K, Kath J, Jurisch A, Streitz M, Kuchenbecker L, et al. Association between subcutaneous adipose tissue inflammation, insulin resistance, and calorie restriction in obese females. J Immunol. 2020; 205(1):45-55. doi.10.4049/jimmunol.2000108 PMid:32482712
11. Kazemipour M, Matin Homaie H, Farzanegi P. The effect of aerobic exercise with pistachio skin extract on the expression of Bax, caspase-3 and Bcl-2 in heart tissue of fat-fed rats. Feyz Med Sci J. 2022; 27(5): 521-9. doi. 10.48307/FMSJ.2022.26.5.521.
12. Siahkohian M, Asgharpour-Arshad M, Bolboli L, Jafari A, Hesari FS. Effect of 12-weeks aerobic training on some indices of skeletal muscle apoptosis in male rats. Medical J Tabriz Univ Med Sci. 2017; 39(6):35-43.
13. Ahmadabadi F, Saghebjoo M, Hedayati M, Hoshyar R, Huang C-J. Treatment-induced tumor cell apoptosis following high-intensity interval training and saffron aqueous extract in mice with breast cancer. Physiol Int. 2021; 108(1):19-26. doi.10.1556/2060.2021.00009
14. Sari-Sarraf V, Amirsasan R, Iraqi SF. The effect of continuous training and intermittent calorie restriction (ICR) on miR-146a gene expression and TNF-α and IL-6 levels in obese women. Daneshvar Med. 2020; 27(6): 33-42.
15. Rouzbehani AR, Rahmati S. The effect of high-intensity interval training along with curcumin consumption on mitochondrial caspase 3 and 9 gene expression of cardiomyocyte in male rat of the stroke model. Feyz Med Sci J. 2023; 27(3):254-61. doi.10.48307/FMSJ.2023.27.3.254.
16. Siagian M, Lousiana M, Santoso DIS, Endardjo S. Effects of anaerobic exercise and detraining on the caspase-3 expression of rat ventricular cardiomyocyte. Med J Indonesia. 2015; 24(2):84-90. doi.10.13181/mji.v24i2.1220
17. Chen KC, Peng CC, Hsieh CL, Peng RY. Exercise ameliorates renal cell apoptosis in chronic kidney disease by intervening in the intrinsic and the extrinsic apoptotic pathways in a rat model. Evid Based Complement Alternative Med. 2013;2013:368450. doi.10.1155/2013/368450 PMid:24106522 PMCid:PMC3782870
18. Seo H, Park CH, Choi S, Kim W, Jeon BD, Ryu S. Effects of voluntary exercise on apoptosis and cortisol after chronic restraint stress in mice. J Exercise Nutr Biochem. 2016; 20(3):16-23. doi.10.20463/jenb.2016.09.20.3.3 PMid:27757383 PMCid:PMC5067423
19. Lee SD, Shyu WC, Cheng IS, Kuo CH, Chan YS, Lin YM, et al. Effects of exercise training on cardiac apoptosis in obese rats. Nutrition, Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2013; 23(6):566-73. doi.10.1016/j.numecd.2011.11.002 PMid:22402061
20. Peterson JM, Bryner RW, Sindler A, Frisbee JC, Alway SE. Mitochondrial apoptotic signaling is elevated in cardiac but not skeletal muscle in the obese Zucker rat and is reduced with aerobic exercise. J Appl Physiol. 2008; 105(6):1934-43. doi.10.1152/japplphysiol.00037.2008 PMid:18832755 PMCid:PMC2612474
21. Zarali M, Etemad Z, Azizbeigi K, Karimi P. Effect of 8 Weeks of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) With and Without Calorie Restriction on Gene Expression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 Proteins in Male Rats. J Arak University of Medical Sciences (JAMS). 2020; 23(3):300-313. doi.10.32598/jams.23.3.5960.1
22. Hasegawa S, Kobayashi M, Arai R, Tamaki A, Nakamura T, Moritani T. Effect of early implementation of electrical muscle stimulation to prevent muscle atrophy and weakness in patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Electromyography Kinesiol. 2011;21(4):622-30. doi.10.1016/j.jelekin.2011.01.005 PMid:21334221
23. Arakawa T, Katada A, Shigyo H, Kishibe K, Adachi M, Nonaka S, et al. Electrical stimulation prevents apoptosis in denervated skeletal muscle. NeuroRehabilitation. 2010; 27(2):147-54. doi.10.3233/NRE-2010-0591 PMid:20871144
24. Malekipooy M, Khansooz M, Morady M, Sayyah M. Acute response of exercise rehabilitation with electrical stimulation on serum levels antigen, carbohydrate 125 (CA-125) and cystatin (Cys-C) in myocardial infarction rats. Feyz Med Sci J. 2022; 26(2):147-155. doi.10.48307/FMSJ.2022.26.2.147.
25. Sayyah M, MalekiPooya M, Khansooz M, Pourabbasi MS, Irandoust K, Taheri M, H'mida C, Halouani J, Trabelsi K, Chtourou H, Bragazzi NL, Clark CCT. Responses of some matrix metalloproteinases activities to an acute session of endurance exercise and electrical stimulation in induced myocardial infarction in Wistar rats. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2022; 26(13):4755-4761. doi.10.26355/eurrev_202207_29200.
26. Tabe H, Abbassi Daloii A, Ziaolhagh SJ, Barari A. The effect of aerobic training and garlic supplementation on expression of metabolic markers in heart tissue of obese rats. Razi J M Sci. 2021;28(5):80-9. https://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-6848-en.html.
27. Koch LG, Meredith TA, Fraker TD, Metting PJ, Britton SL. Heritability of treadmill running endurance in rats. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 1998; 275(5):R1455-60. doi.10.1152/ajpregu.1998.275.5.R1455 PMid:9791061
28. Zheng ZT, Dong XL, Li YD, Gao WW, Zhou Y, Jiang RC, et al. Electrical stimulation improved cognitive deficits associated with traumatic brain injury in rats. Brain Behav. 2017;7(11):e00667. doi.10.1002/brb3.667 PMid:29201537 PMCid:PMC5698854
29. Norouzi Kamareh MH, Zolfaghari MR, Ghaderi Pakdel F, Tolouei Azar J. Effect of 12 weeks aerobic training and oral green tea extract on cardiac caspase-3 expression in aged male rats. J Sport Biosci. 2018; 10(2):221-35. doi.10.22059/jsb.2018.245693.1220.
30. Huang CY, Lin YY, Hsu CC, Cheng SM, Shyu WC, Ting H, Yang AL, Ho TJ, Lee SD. Antiapoptotic effect of exercise training on ovariectomized rat hearts. J Appl Physiol. 2016; 121(2): 457-65. doi.10.1152/japplphysiol.01042.2015 PMid:27339185
31. Kazemi ME. The Effect of Endurance Training on Tumor Tissue Levels of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 in Mice with Breast Cancer. Iran Quarterly J Breast Dis. 2018; 11(3):32-43. doi.10.30699/acadpub.ijbd..11.3.32
32. Akbari M, Rajabi H, Kashef M, Mazaheri Z. The effect of six weeks forced swimming and crocin supplementation on the expression of cardiomyocyte gene caspase 3 in male rats infected with hydrogen peroxide. Razi J Med Sci. 2018;25(9):26-37. http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5371-en.html.
33. Li F, Zhao EY, Geng X, Li X, Peng C, et al. Enhanced apoptosis from early physical exercise rehabilitation following ischemic stroke. J Neurosci Res. 2017; 95(4):1017-24.doi.10.1002/jnr.23890 PMid:27571707
34. Hooshmand Moghadam B, Gaeini AA, Eskandari M, Parseh S, Hojjati Marvast M. Twelve weeks of resistance training intervention on serum levels of some apoptosis markers in elderly men. J Torbat Heydariyeh Univ Med Sci. 2021; 8(4):10-19.
35. Khansooz M, Malekipooya M. The Response of Some Apoptotic Markers to Exercise Rehabilitation and Electrical Stimulation in Infarcted Rats. Hormozgan Med J. 2024; 28(3):167-176. doi.10.34172/hmj.8274
36. Javid Tabrizi N, Bashiri J, Narimani Rad M. Effect of 12 weeks of treadmill aerobic training on cytochrome C and Caspase-9 gene expression in cardiac muscle of male rats. Qom Univ Med Sci J. 2017; 11(6):1-9.
37. Koçtürk S, Kayatekin BM, Resmi H, Açikgöz O, Kaynak C, Ozer E. The apoptotic response to strenuous exercise of the gastrocnemius and solues muscle fibers in rats. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2008; 102(5):515-24. doi.10.1007/s00421-007-0612-7 PMid:18030491
38. Huang C, Lin TJ, Chen CC, Lin WT. Endurance training accelerates exhaustive exercise-induced mitochondrial DNA deletion and apoptosis of left ventricle myocardium in rats. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2009; 107(6):697-706. doi.10.1007/s00421-009-1177-4 PMid:19730878
39. Ho TJ, Huang CC, Huang CY, Lin WT. Fasudil, a Rho-kinase inhibitor, protects against excessive endurance exercise training-induced cardiac hypertrophy, apoptosis and fibrosis in rats. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2012; 112(8):2943-55. doi.10.1007/s00421-011-2270-z PMid:22160250
40. Montazery-Taleghani H, Shakeri N, Ebrahim KH, Souri R, Gholami M. The effect of endurance and resistance training on apoptosis activity and collagen deposition in heart tissue of diabetic rats. J Ardabil Univ Med Sci. 2022; 22(2):186-203. doi.10.52547/jarums.22.2.186
41. Lee SD, Shyu WC, Cheng IS, Kuo CH, Chan YS, Lin YM, et al. Effects of exercise training on cardiac apoptosis in obese rats. Nutr, Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2013; 23(6): 566-73.doi.10.1016/j.numecd.2011.11.002 PMid:22402061
42. Rezaee N, Rahmani-Nia F, Delfan M, Ghahremani R. The effect of aerobic training and probiotic supplementation on blood glucose levels and caspase-3 gene expression in skeletal muscle of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Practical Studies of Biosciences in Sport. 2022; 10(23):8-18. doi. 10.22077/jpsbs.2021.4589.1662.
43. Ansari H, Eftekhari E, Banaie J, Keshavarz S. Effect of 8-week swimming exercise and zinc supplementation on renal function markers following unilateral ureteral obstruction in rats. Feyz Med Sci J. 2024;28(5):463-70. doi.10.48307/FMSJ.2024.28.5.463.
Send email to the article author

Add your comments about this article
Your username or Email:

CAPTCHA



XML   Persian Abstract   Print


Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

Sharifi H, malekipooya M, Roozbahani M, Morady M, khansooz M. The effect of aerobic exercise combined with electrical stimulation on the expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 genes in the muscle tissue of obese rats with caloric restriction. Feyz Med Sci J 2025; 29 (6) :567-579
URL: http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-5389-en.html


Creative Commons License
This open access journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial ۴.۰ International License. CC BY-NC ۴. Design and publishing by Kashan University of Medical Sciences.
Copyright ۲۰۲۳© Feyz Medical Sciences Journal. All rights reserved.
Volume 29, Issue 6 (Bimonthly 2025) Back to browse issues page
مجله علوم پزشکی فیض Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
Persian site map - English site map - Created in 0.06 seconds with 46 queries by YEKTAWEB 4732