1. American Psychiatric Association DS, American Psychiatric Association DS. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596

2. Faraji-Khiavi F, Zahiri M, Amiri E, Dindamal B, Pirani N. The experiences of families raising autistic children: A phenomenological study. J Educ Health Promot. 2021; 10: 78.85. doi:10.4103/jehp.jehp_837_20 PMid:34084825 PMCid:PMC8057163

3. Styles M, Alsharshani D, Samara M, Alsharshani M, Khattab A, Qoronfleh MW, Al-Dewik NI. Risk factors, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of autism. Front Biosci. 2020; 25(9): 1682-717. doi:10.2741/4873 PMid:32472753

4. Maenner MJ. Prevalence and characteristics of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years-Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 sites, United States, 2020. MMWR. Surveillance Summaries. 2023;72: 1-30. doi:10.15585/mmwr.ss7202a1 PMid:36952288

5. Samadi H, Samadi SA. Understanding different aspects of caregiving for individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) a narrative review of the literature. Brain Sci. 2020; 10(8): 557-72. doi: 10.3390/brainsci10080557. doi:10.3390/brainsci10080557 PMid:32824109 PMCid:PMC7463436

6. Ghanbari S, Khodapanahi MK, Mazaheri MA, Lavasani MG. Development and preliminary evaluation of the reliability and validation the maternal caregiving quality scale. J Psychol. 2012; 12: 322-35. doi:10.1037/t69229-000

7. Attwood A. The complete guide to Asperger's syndrome. NewYork: Jessica Kingsley Publishers; 2006.

8. Mikolajczak M, Gross JJ, Roskam I. Parental burnout: What is it, and why does it matter?. Clin Psychological Sci. 2019; 7(6): 1319-29. doi:10.1177/2167702619858430

9. Mikolajczak M, Gross JJ, Roskam I. Beyond job burnout: Parental burnout!. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 2021; 25(5): 333-46. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2021.01.012 PMid:33714668

10. Paisley CA. Parental Burnout in Mother and Fathers of Children with and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Tuscaloosa, AL: The University of Alabama; 2022.

11. Ren X, Cai Y, Zhang M, Hou Y, Wang J, Chen O. What influences parental burnout in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder in China? A qualitative study. Curr Psychol. 2024; 43(32): 26193-204. doi:10.1007/s12144-024-06301-0

12. Enav Y, Knudtson MV, Hardan AY, Gross JJ. Maladaptive behaviors in children with autism and parental hopelessness: The moderating role of parental reflective functioning. Autism Res. 2023; 16(1): 106-12. doi:10.1002/aur.2841 PMid:36333959 PMCid:PMC10098873

13. Fonagy P, Gergely G, Jurist EL. Affect regulation, mentalization and the development of the self. New York: Routledge; 2018. doi:10.4324/9780429471643

14. Nijssens L, Bleys D, Casalin S, Vliegen N, Luyten P. Parental attachment dimensions and parenting stress: The mediating role of parental reflective functioning. J Child Family Studies. 2018; 27: 2025-2036. doi:10.1007/s10826-018-1029-0

15. Steele KR, Townsend ML, Grenyer BF. Parenting stress and competence in borderline personality disorder is associated with mental health, trauma history, attachment and reflective capacity. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul. 2020; 7: 1-4. doi:10.1186/s40479-020-00124-8 PMid:32426137 PMCid:PMC7212608

16. Dollberg DG, Harlev Y, Malishkevitch S, Leitner Y. Parental reflective functioning as a moderator of the link between prematurity and parental stress. Front Psychiatry. 2022; 13: 1-14. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.804694 PMid:35280157 PMCid:PMC8905191

17. Rutherford HJ, Booth CR, Luyten P, Bridgett DJ, Mayes LC. Investigating the association between parental reflective functioning and distress tolerance in motherhood. Infant Behav Dev. 2015; 40: 54-63. doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2015.04.005 PMid:26025253 PMCid:PMC4526429

18. Ensink K, Normandin L, Plamondon A, Berthelot N, Fonagy P. Intergenerational pathways from reflective functioning to infant attachment through parenting. Canadian J Behav Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement. 2016; 48(1): 9-15. doi:10.1037/cbs0000030

19. Ensink K, Borelli JL, Roy J, Normandin L, Slade A, Fonagy P. Costs of not getting to know you: Lower levels of parental reflective functioning confer risk for maternal insensitivity and insecure infant attachment. Infancy. 2019; 24(2): 210-27. doi:10.1111/infa.12263 PMid:32677198

20. Kelly K, Slade A, Grienenberger JF. Maternal reflective functioning, mother-infant affective communication, and infant attachment: Exploring the link between mental states and observed caregiving behavior in the intergenerational transmission of attachment. Attachment Human development. 2005; 7(3): 299-311. doi:10.1080/14616730500245963 PMid:16210241

21. Slade A, Grienenberger J, Bernbach E, Levy D, Locker A. Maternal reflective functioning, attachment, and the transmission gap: A preliminary study. Attach Hum Dev. 2005; 7(3): 283-98. doi:10.1080/14616730500245880 PMid:16210240

22. Taubner S. Parental mentalizing as a key resource for difficult transitions. Attach Human Dev. 2020; 22(1): 46-50. doi:10.1080/14616734.2019.1589060 PMid:30836831

23. Rezendes DL, Scarpa A. Associations between parental anxiety/depression and child behavior problems related to autism spectrum disorders: The roles of parenting stress and parenting self‐efficacy. Autism Res Treat. 2011; 2011(1): 1-10. doi:10.1155/2011/395190 PMid:22937246 PMCid:PMC3420762

24. Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS, Ullman JB. Using multivariate statistics. Boston, MA: pearson; 2013.

25. Luyten P, Mayes LC, Nijssens L, Fonagy P. The parental reflective functioning questionnaire: Development and preliminary validation. PloS one. 2017; 12(5): 1-28. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0176218 PMid:28472162 PMCid:PMC5417431

26. Musawi W. Introduction and Development of Short-Term Dynamic Therapy Based on Mentalization (SDTBM); An Inovative Treatment of Children Disorders. Rooyesh-e-Ravanshenasi J. 2020; 9(9): 1-4.

27. Roskam I, Brianda ME, Mikolajczak M. A step forward in the conceptualization and measurement of parental burnout: The Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA). Front Psychol. 2018; 9: 758-68. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00758 PMid:29928239 PMCid:PMC5998056

28. Mousavi SF. The burnout and exhaustion due to parental responsibilities: the role of parent-child demographic variables. Middle Eastern J Disability Studies. 2019; 9: 1-9.

29. Mikolajczak M, Roskam I. Parental burnout: Moving the focus from children to parents. New directions for child and adolescent development. 2020; 174: 7-13. doi:10.1002/cad.20376 PMid:33084244

30. Liu S, Zhang L, Yi J, Liu S, Li D, Wu D, et al. The relationship between parenting stress and parental burnout among Chinese parents of children with ASD: A moderated mediation model. J Autism Developmental Disord. 2024; 54(4): 1527-37doi:10.1007/s10803-022-05854-y PMid:36637590

31. Enav Y, Erhard-Weiss D, Goldenberg A, Knudston M, Hardan AY, Gross JJ. Contextual determinants of parental reflective functioning: Children with autism versus their typically developing siblings. Autism. 2020; 24(6): 1578-1582. doi:10.1177/1362361320908096 PMid:32168987

32. Pazzagli L, Linder M, Zhang M, Vago E, Stang P, Myers D, Andersen M, Bahmanyar S. Methods for time‐varying exposure related problems in pharmacoepidemiology: an overview. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Safety. 2018; 27(2):148-60. doi:10.1002/pds.4372 PMid:29285840 PMCid:PMC5814826