The effect of eight weeks of aerobic training and garlic supplementation on IFN-γ and IL-4 gene expression in the brain tissue of rats with Parkinson’s disease

Khosravi, Mohammad Reza; Hosseini, Seyed Ali; Hasanpoor, Ghobad; Roozbehani, Mehdi

doi:10.48307/FMSJ.2024.28.3.244

[Home ] [Archive]

[ فارسی ]

Main Menu

Home

Journal Information

Indexing Sources

Guide for Authors

Online Submission

Ethics

Articles archive

For Reviewers

Contact us

Basic and Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition

DOAJ

CINAHL

EBSCO

IMEMR

ISC

Search in website

Receive site information

enamad

Volume 28, Issue 3 (August-September 2024)

Feyz Med Sci J 2024, 28(3): 244-252

Back to browse issues page

The effect of eight weeks of aerobic training and garlic supplementation on IFN-γ and IL-4 gene expression in the brain tissue of rats with Parkinson’s disease

Mohammad Reza Khosravi

, Seyed Ali Hosseini ^*

, Ghobad Hasanpoor

, Mehdi Roozbehani

Department of Sport Physiology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran , Alihoseini_57@miau.ac.ir

Abstract: (573 Views)

Background and Aim: Parkinson's disease is associated with a dysfunction in the inflammatory system. This study aims to evaluate the effects of eight weeks of aerobic training combined with garlic supplementation on the expression of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) genes in the brain tissue of reserpine-induced parkinsonian rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 32 reserpine-induced parkinsonian rats (administered an intraperitoneal injection of 2 mg/kg reserpine) were divided into four groups: 1) reserpine, 2) aerobic training (AT) for eight weeks, 3) garlic supplementation (G), and 4) AT + G. Additionally, eight healthy rats were included in a healthy control group. The aerobic training regimen consisted of five sessions per week for eight weeks, with each session lasting between 15 and 48 minutes at a speed of 10 to 24 m/min. Rats received 500 mg/kg/day of aqueous garlic extract via gavage. The gene expression levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 in the brain tissue were measured using the RT-PCR method. Motor balance was assessed using a rotarod device.
Results: IFN-γ gene expression was significantly lower in the G, AT, and AT + G groups compared to the reserpine group (P < 0.001). Furthermore, IL-4 levels and motor balance scores were significantly higher in these groups than in the reserpine group (P < 0.001). Notably, the combined effect of eight weeks of aerobic exercise (AT) with garlic supplementation (G) on reducing IFN-γ gene expression levels and enhancing motor balance was significantly more favorable than that of garlic supplementation alone (P ≥ 0.05).
Conclusion: Both aerobic exercise and garlic supplementation seem to exert beneficial effects on the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory systems in the brain tissue, as well as on motor balance in neurological diseases. These findings suggest that integrating aerobic training with garlic supplementation may enhance therapeutic approaches for managing Parkinson's disease.

Keywords: Exercise, Garlic, Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin 4 (IL-4), Parkinson's Disease

Full-Text [PDF 438 kb] (219 Downloads)

Type of Study: Research | Subject: General
Received: 2023/12/17 | Revised: 2024/09/8 | Accepted: 2024/06/30 | Published: 2024/08/31

References

1. Kang SH, Moon SJ, Kang M, Chung SJ, Cho GJ, Koh SB. Incidence of Parkinson’s disease and modifiable risk factors in Korean population: A longitudinal follow-up study of a nationwide cohort. Front Aging Neurosci. 2023; 15.

2. Willis AW, Roberts E, Beck JC, Fiske B, Ross W, Savica R, et al. Incidence of Parkinson disease in North America. Npj Park Dis. 2022; 8(1):170.

3. Wu AD, Wilson AM. Parkinson’s disease population-wide registries in the United States: Current and future opportunities. Front Digit Heal. 2023; 5.

4. Qu Y, Li J, Qin Q, Wang D, Zhao J, An K, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of inflammatory biomarkers in Parkinson’s disease. NPJ Park Dis. 2023; 9(1):18.

5. Parisi L, Gini E, Baci D, Tremolati M, Fanuli M, Bassani B, et al. Macrophage Polarization in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases: Killers or Builders? J Immunol Res. 2018; 2018: 8917804.

6. Sheikholeslami-Vatani D, Salehi OR, Hosseini SA. Psycho-physiological effects of high intensity interval training and vitamin E consumption in elderly trimethyltin-treated Alzheimer’s rats. Metab Exerc. 2021; 11(2): 57–76.

7. Ghanbari P, Khajehzadeh S, Sayyed A, Raeisi D, Salehi O. The effect of high intensity interval training with beetroot (Beta vulgaris) juice supplementation on serotonin and dopamine receptors expression, anxiety and depression in middle-aged diabetic rats. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2022; 12(6).

8. Marino G, Campanelli F, Natale G, De Carluccio M, Servillo F, Ferrari E, et al. Intensive exercise ameliorates motor and cognitive symptoms in experimental Parkinson’s disease restoring striatal synaptic plasticity. Sci Adv. 2023; 9(28): eadh1403.

9. Ayari S, Abellard A, Carayol M, Guedj E, Gavarry O. A systematic review of exercise modalities that reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines in humans and animals’ models with mild cognitive impairment or dementia. Exp Gerontol. 2023; 175: 112141.

10. Pahlavani HA. Exercise therapy to prevent and treat Alzheimer’s disease. Front Aging Neurosci. 2023; 15.

11. Hall M-FE, Church FC. Exercise for older adults improves the quality of life in Parkinson’s disease and potentially enhances the immune response to COVID-19. Brain Sci. 2020; 10(9): 612.

12. Agahi MRH, Mosallanejad Z, Salehi OR. The effects of resistance training and spirulina on the performance of the antioxidant system with emphasis on mir125b, mir146a and cognitive function in stanazolol-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Chem Biol Interact. 2022; 110112.

13. Rakshit D, Nayak S, Kundu S, Angelopoulou E, Pyrgelis ES, Piperi C, et al. The Pharmacological Activity of Garlic (Allium sativum) in Parkinson ’s disease: From Molecular Mechanisms to the Therapeutic Potential. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2023; 14(6): 1033–44.

14. Munni YA, Dash R, Choi HJ, Mitra S, Hannan MA, Mazumder K, et al. Differential Effects of the Processed and Unprocessed Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Ethanol Extracts on Neuritogenesis and Synaptogenesis in Rat Primary Hippocampal Neurons. Int J Mol Sci. 2023; 24(17): 13386.

15. Khalil AMH, Fawaz MM. Garlic Extracts Up-regulate IL-4 and IL-13 Cytokines and Increase the Goblet Cell Numbers in Eimeria vermiformis Infected Mice. J ISSN. 2023; 2766: 2276.

16. Taleshi M, Rezaeeshirazi R, Ziaalhagh SJ, Asgharpour H. The effect of endurance training with garlic and stevia supplementation on AgRP and α-MSH in the brain tissue of obese Wistar rats. J Nutr Food Secur. 2024; 9(2): 232-40.

17. Esfandiyari B, Rezai Shirazi R, Asgharpour H, Ghorbani S. The effect of obesity and supplementation of garlic extract along with aerobic activity on the expression of brain-derived neurogenic factor genes, tyrosine kinase B and short-term memory of male wistar rats. J Anim Biol. 2022; 2(4):65.

18. Moradi S, Moradi M, Habibi A, Shakeriyan S. Comparison of the Effect of 6 Weeks of Continuous and Interval Aerobic Training on Hippocampal Nerve Growth Factor and Catalase Enzyme in a Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease. J Ilam Univ Med Sci. 2019; 27(4): 47–57.

19. Pintana H, Sripetchwandee J, Supakul L, Apaijai N, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn S. Garlic extract attenuates brain mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive deficit in obese-insulin resistant rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2014: 39(12): 1373-1379.

20. Bargi R, Salmani H, Asgharzadeh Yazdi F, Hosseini M. Inflammation and the brain disorders: a review. Neurosci J Shefaye Khatam. 2017; 5(3): 68–82.

21. Li JA, Loevaas MB, Guan C, Goh L, Allen NE, Mak MKY, et al. Does Exercise Attenuate Disease Progression in People with Parkinson’s Disease? A Systematic Review with Meta-Analyses. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2023; 37(5): 328–52.

22. Wang Y, Pu Z, Zhang Y, Du Z, Guo Z, Bai Q. Exercise training has a protective effect in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine mice model with improved neural and intestinal pathology and modified intestinal flora. Behav Brain Res. 2023; 439: 114240.

23. Małczyńska-Sims P, Chalimoniuk M, Sułek A. The Effect of Endurance Training on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Inflammatory Markers in Healthy People and Parkinson’s Disease. A Narrative Review. Front Physiol. 2020; 11: 578981.

24. Malczynska-Sims P, Chalimoniuk M, Wronski Z, Marusiak J, Sulek A. High-intensity interval training modulates inflammatory response in Parkinson’s disease. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2022; 34(9): 2165–76.

25. Song H, Cui J, Mossine VV, Greenlief CM, Fritsche K, Sun GY, et al. Bioactive components from garlic on brain resiliency against neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Exp Ther Med. 2020; 19(2): 1554–9.

26. Moosavian SP, Arab A, Paknahad Z, Moradi S. The effects of garlic supplementation on oxidative stress markers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med. 2020; 50: 102385.

27. Rais N, Ved A, Ahmad R, Kumar M, Barbhai MD, Chandran D, et al. S-Allyl-L-Cysteine—A garlic Bioactive: Physicochemical Nature, Mechanism, Pharmacokinetics, and health promoting activities. J Funct Foods. 2023; 107: 105657.

28. Omid A, Seyed A, Kheirdeh M. The Effect of Eight-Week Aerobic Training with Garlic Supplementation on Anxiety and Depression in Rats Exposed to WIFI Electromagnetic Radiation. Res Sport Sci Med Plants. 2021; 1(3): 47.

Send email to the article author

Add your comments about this article

‎ 10.48307/FMSJ.2024.28.3.244

Mendeley

Zotero

RefWorks

Khosravi M R, Hosseini S A, Hasanpoor G, Roozbehani M. The effect of eight weeks of aerobic training and garlic supplementation on IFN-γ and IL-4 gene expression in the brain tissue of rats with Parkinson’s disease. Feyz Med Sci J 2024; 28 (3) :244-252
URL: http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-5068-en.html

This open access journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial ۴.۰ International License. CC BY-NC ۴. Design and publishing by Kashan University of Medical Sciences.
Copyright ۲۰۲۳© Feyz Medical Sciences Journal. All rights reserved.

Volume 28, Issue 3 (August-September 2024)

Back to browse issues page

Persian site map - English site map - Created in 0.05 seconds with 46 queries by YEKTAWEB 4660