1. Zecca C, Riccitelli G, Disanto G, Singh A, Digesu G, Panicari L, et al. Urinary incontinence in multiple sclerosis: prevalence, severity and impact on patients' quality of life. Eur J Neurol 2016;23(7):1228-34 doi:10.1111/ene.13010 PMid:27120000 2. Muth CC. Urinary incontinence in women. JAMA. 2017;318(16):1622 doi:10.1001/jama.2017.15571 PMid:29067430 3. Hadley EC. Bladder training and related therapies for urinary incontinence in older people. JAMA. 1986;256 (3): 372-9 doi:10.1001/jama.1986.03380030074031 PMid:3723724 4. Khan F, Pallant JF, Shea TL, Whishaw M. Multiple sclerosis: prevalence and factors impacting bladder and bowel function in an Australian community cohort. Disability and rehabilitation. 2009;31(19):1567-76. doi:10.1080/09638280802639566PMid:19848557 5. Rafii F, Sajjadi M, Shareinia H, Sarraf P, Seyedalshohahadaee M. Effects of pelvic floor muscle exercises on urinary incontinence and quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis. Middle East J Family Med. 2018;7(10):62 doi:10.5742/MEWFM.2018.93199 6. Gaspard L, Tombal B, Castille Y, Opsomer R, Detrembleur C. Pelvic floor muscles training, electrical stimulation, bladder training and lifestyle interventions to manage lower urinary tract dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review. Prog Urol 2013; 24 (4): 222-8doi:10.1016/j.purol.2013.11.004 PMid:24560290 7. Block V, Rivera M, Melnick M, Allen DD. Do Physical Therapy interventions affect urinary incontinence and quality of life in people with multiple sclerosis? An Evidence-based Review. Int J MS Care. 2015;17(4):172-80 doi:10.7224/1537-2073.2014-031 PMid:26300703 PMCid:PMC4542712 8. Cacciari LP, Dumoulin C, Hay-Smith EJ. Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women: a cochrane systematic review abridged republication. Brazil J Physic Ther. 2019;23(2):93-107 doi:10.1016/j.bjpt.2019.01.002 PMid:30704907 PMCid:PMC6428911 9. Aydın Sayılan A, Özbaş A. The effect of pelvic floor muscle training on incontinence problems after radical prostatectomy. Am J men's health. 2018; 12 (4):1007-15. doi:10.1177/1557988318757242 PMid:29540090 PMCid:PMC6131443 10. Talasz H, Himmer-Perschak G, Marth E, Fischer-Colbrie J, Hoefner E, Lechleitner M. Evaluation of pelvic floor muscle function in a random group of adult women in Austria. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 2008; 19: 131-5 doi:10.1007/s00192-007-0404-y PMid:17876492 11. Tibaek S, Dehlendorff C. Pelvic floor muscle function in women with pelvic floor dysfunction: a retrospective chart review, 1992-2008. Int Urogynecol J 2014; 25: 663-9 doi:10.1007/s00192-013-2277-6 PMid:24337586 12. Vieira GF, Saltiel F, Miranda-Gazzola APG, Kirkwood RN, Figueiredo EM. Pelvic floor muscle function in women with and without urinary incontinence: Are strength and endurance the only relevant functions? A cross-sectional study. Physiotherapy. 2020;109:85-93 doi:10.1016/j.physio.2019.12.006 PMid:31948672 13. de Andrade RL, Bø K, Antonio FI, Driusso P, Mateus-Vasconcelos ECL, Ramos S, et al. An education program about pelvic floor muscles improved women's knowledge but not pelvic floor muscle function, urinary incontinence or sexual function: a randomised trial. J Physiotherapy. 2018; 64(2):91-6 doi:10.1016/j.jphys.2018.02.010 PMid:29574170 14. Huebner M, Riegel K, Hinninghofen H, Wallwiener D, Tunn R, Reisenauer C. Pelvic floor muscle training for stress urinary incontinence: A randomized, controlled trial comparing different conservative therapies. Physiother Res Int 2011; 16 (3):133-40 doi:10.1002/pri.489 PMid:20848671 15. Vahtera T, Haaranen M, Viramo-Koskela A, Ruutiainen J. Pelvic floor rehabilitation is effective in patients with multiple sclerosis. Clin Rehabil 1997; 11 (3):211-9. doi:10.1177/026921559701100304 PMid:9360033 16. Lucio AC, Perissinoto MC, Natalin RA, Prudente A, Damasceno BP, D'ancona CAL. A comparative study of pelvic floor muscle training in women with multiple sclerosis: its impact on lower urinary tract symptoms and quality of life. Clinics. 2011; 66(9): 1563-8. doi:10.1590/S1807-59322011000900010 PMid:22179160 PMCid:PMC3164405 17. Lúcio A, D'ancona CAL, Perissinotto MC, McLean L, Damasceno BP, de Moraes Lopes MHB. Pelvic floor muscle training with and without electrical stimulation in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in women with multiple sclerosis. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 2016; 43(4):414-9. doi:10.1097/WON.0000000000000223 PMid:27014935 18. Zecca C, Digesu G, Robshaw P, Puccini F, Khullar V, Tubaro A, et al. Motor and sensory responses after percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation in multiple sclerosis patients with lower urinary tract symptoms treated in daily practice. Eur J Neurol 2014;21(3):506-11. doi:10.1111/ene.12339 PMid:24387787 19. Fitz FF, Gimenez MM, de Azevedo Ferreira L, Matias MMP, Bortolini MAT, Castro RA. Pelvic floor muscle training for female stress urinary incontinence: a randomised control trial comparing home and outpatient training. Int Urogynecol J 2020; 31:989-98. doi:10.1007/s00192-019-04081-x PMid:31444535 20. Scott KM. Pelvic floor rehabilitation in the treatment of fecal incontinence. Clin Colon Rectal Surg 2014;27(03):99-105 doi:10.1055/s-0034-1384662 PMid:25320568 PMCid:PMC4174224 21. Petrofsky JS. Electrical stimulation: neurophysiological basis and application. Basic Appl Myol. 2004;14(4):205-13. 22. Alves PG, Nunes FR, Guirro EC. Comparison between two different neuromuscular electrical stimulation protocols for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence: a randomized controlled trial. Brazilian J Physic Ther 2011;15:393-8 doi:10.1590/S1413-35552011005000010 PMid:21860988 23. Abbate AD, Cook AW, Atallah M. Effect of electrical stimulation of the thoracic spinal cord on the function of the bladder in multiple sclerosis. J Urol 1977;117(3):285-8. doi:10.1016/S0022-5347(17)58436-0 PMid:300115 24. Fjorback MV, Van Rey F, Rijkhoff N, Nøhr M, Petersen T, Heesakkers J. Electrical stimulation of sacral dermatomes in multiple sclerosis patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity. Neurourol Urodynamics. 2007;26(4):525-30. doi:10.1002/nau.20363 PMid:17279558 25. McClurg D, Ashe R, Lowe‐Strong A. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation and the treatment of lower urinary tract dysfunction in multiple sclerosis-a double blind, placebo controlled, randomised clinical trial. Neurourol urodynamics. 2008;27(3):231-7 doi:10.1002/nau.20486 PMid:17705160 26. Lucio A, D'Ancona C. Lopes MHBM, Perissinotto MC, Damasceno BP. The effect of pelvic floor muscle training alone or in combination with electrostimulation in the treatment of sexual dysfunction in women with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2014;20(13):1761-8 doi:10.1177/1352458514531520 PMid:24876156 27. Nardone R, Versace V, Sebastianelli L, Brigo F, Golaszewski S, Christova M, et al. Transcranial magnetic stimulation and bladder function: A systematic review. Clin Neurophysiol 2019;130(11): 2032-7 doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2019.08.020 PMid:31541980 28. Khavari R, Tran K, Helekar SA, Shi Z, Karmonik C, Rajab H, et al. Noninvasive, individualized cortical modulation using transcranial rotating permanent magnet stimulator for voiding dysfunction in women with multiple sclerosis: a pilot trial. J Urol 2022; 207(3): 657-68. doi:10.1097/JU.0000000000002297 PMid:34694911 PMCid:PMC9724016 29. Mori F, Ljoka C, Magni E, Codecà C, Kusayanagi H, Monteleone F, et al. Transcranial magnetic stimulation primes the effects of exercise therapy in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 2011; 258: 1281-7 doi:10.1007/s00415-011-5924-1 PMid:21286740 30. Galloway NT, El-Galley RE, Sand PK, Appell RA, Russell HW, Carlan SJ. Extracorporeal magnetic innervation therapy for stress urinary incontinence. Urology. 1999;53(6):1108-11 doi:10.1016/S0090-4295(99)00037-0 PMid:10367836 31. He Q, Xiao K, Peng L, Lai J, Li H, Luo D, et al. An effective meta-analysis of magnetic stimulation therapy for urinary incontinence. Sci Rep 2019; 9 (1): 1-10 doi:10.1038/s41598-019-45330-9 PMid:31235706 PMCid:PMC6591355 32. Koh JS, Kim SJ, Kim HS, Kim JC. Comparison of alpha-blocker, extracorporeal magnetic stimulation alone and in combination in the management of female bladder outlet obstruction. Int Urogynecol J 2011; 22: 849-54 doi:10.1007/s00192-010-1322-y PMid:21107813 33. Peng L, Zeng X, Shen H, Luo D-y. Magnetic stimulation for female patients with stress urinary incontinence, a meta-analysis of studies with short-term follow-up. Medicine. 2019; 98(19). doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000015572 PMid:31083230 PMCid:PMC6531227 34. Lim R, Liong ML, Leong WS, Khan NAK, Yuen KH. Magnetic stimulation for stress urinary incontinence: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2015;16(1):1-11.doi:10.1186/s13063-015-0803-1 PMid:26093910 PMCid:PMC4477591 35. Ünsal A, Saglam R, Cimentepe E. Extracorporeal magnetic stimulation for the treatment of stress and urge incontinence in women Results of 1‐year follow‐up. Scandinavian J Urol Nephrology. 2003;37(5): 424-8 doi:10.1080/00365590310021258 PMid:14594693 36. Yamanishi T, Kaga K, Fuse M, Shibata C, Uchiyama T. Neuromodulation for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms. LUTS: Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms. 2015;7(3):121-32.doi:10.1111/luts.12087 PMid:26663726 37. Yamanishi T, Suzuki T, Sato R, Kaga K, Kaga M, Fuse M. Effects of magnetic stimulation on urodynamic stress incontinence refractory to pelvic floor muscle training in a randomized sham‐controlled study. LUTS: Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms. 2019;11(1):61-5 doi:10.1111/luts.12197 PMid:28961380 38. DeLancey J, Gosling J, Creed K, Dixon J, Delmas V, Landon D, et al. Gross anatomy and cell biology of the lower urinary tract. Plymouth, UK: Health Publications Ltd; 2002. p. 19-82. 39. Mazur-Bialy AI, Kołomańska-Bogucka D, Nowakowski C, Tim S. Urinary incontinence in women: modern methods of physiotherapy as a support for surgical treatment or independent therapy. J Clin Med 2020; 9(4):1211 doi:10.3390/jcm9041211 PMid:32340194 PMCid:PMC7230757 40. Ramezani M, Ehsani F, Delkhosh CT, Masoudian N, Jaberzadeh S. Concurrent multi-session anodal trans-cranial direct current stimulation enhances pelvic floor muscle training effectiveness for female patients with multiple sclerosis suffering from urinary incontinence and pelvic floor dysfunction: a randomized clinical trial study. Int Urogynecol J 2023:1-9. doi:10.1007/s00192-022-05429-6 PMid:36719448 PMCid:PMC9887575 41. de Seze M, Raibaut P, Gallien P, Even‐Schneider A, Denys P, Bonniaud V, et al. Transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation for treatment of the overactive bladder syndrome in multiple sclerosis: results of a multicenter prospective study. Neurourol Urodynamics 2011;30(3): 306-11 doi:10.1002/nau.20958 PMid:21305588 42. Gobbi C, Digesu G, Khullar V, El Neil S, Caccia G, Zecca C. Percutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation as an effective treatment of refractory lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis: preliminary data from a multicentre, prospective, open label trial. Mult Scler 2011;17(12):1514-9. doi:10.1177/1352458511414040 PMid:21757534 43. Kabay S, Kabay SC, Yucel M, Ozden H, Yilmaz Z, Aras O, et al. The clinical and urodynamic results of a 3‐month percutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis‐related neurogenic bladder dysfunction. Neurourol Urodyn 2009;28(8):964-8 doi:10.1002/nau.20733 PMid:19373898 44. Kabay SC, Yucel M, Kabay S. Acute effect of posterior tibial nerve stimulation on neurogenic detrusor overactivity in patients with multiple sclerosis: urodynamic study. Urology. 2008;71(4): 641-5. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2007.11.135 PMid:18387393 45. Zecca C, Digesu G, Robshaw P, Singh A, Elneil S, Gobbi C. Maintenance percutaneous posterior nerve stimulation for refractory lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis: an open label, multicenter, prospective study. J Urol 2014;191 (3):697-702. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2013.09.036 PMid:24076308 46. Stania M, Chmielewska D, Kwaśna K, Smykla A, Taradaj J, Juras G. Bioelectrical activity of the pelvic floor muscles during synchronous whole-body vibration-a randomized controlled study. BMC urology. 2015;15:1-10. doi:10.1186/s12894-015-0103-9 PMid:26498430 PMCid:PMC4619551 47. Lauper M, Kuhn A, Gerber R, Luginbühl H, Radlinger L. Pelvic floor stimulation: what are the good vibrations? Neurourol Urodynamics 2009; 28 (5):405-10. doi:10.1002/nau.20669 PMid:19283866 48. Farzinmehr A, Moezy A, Koohpayehzadeh J, Kashanian M. A comparative study of whole body vibration training and pelvic floor muscle training on women's stress urinary incontinence: three-month follow-up. J Family Reprod Health 2015; 9(4):147. 49. Wunderer K, Schabrun SM, Chipchase LS. Effects of whole body vibration on strength and functional mobility in multiple sclerosis. Physiother Theory Pract. 2010; 26(6): 374-84.doi:10.3109/09593980903147384 PMid:20658923 50. Lúcio A, D'Ancona C, Lopes M, Perissinotto M, Damasceno B. The effect of pelvic floor muscle training alone or in combination with electrostimulation in the treatment of sexual dysfunction in women with multiple sclerosis. Mul Scler 2014; 20(13):1761-8 doi:10.1177/1352458514531520 PMid:24876156 51. de Abreu Pereira CM, Castiglione M, Kasawara KT. Effects of physiotherapy treatment for urinary incontinence in patient with multiple sclerosis. J Physical Ther Sci 2017; 29(7):1259-63 doi:10.1589/jpts.28.1259 PMid:28744060 PMCid:PMC5509604 52. Lee-Bognar E. Electrical stimulation is a useful adjunct in the management of urinary incontinence in people with multiple sclerosis. Aust J Physiother 2009;55(1): 62doi:10.1016/S0004-9514(09)70063-7, PMid:19226244 53. Lúcio AC, Campos RM, Perissinotto MC, Miyaoka R, Damasceno BP, D'ancona CAL. Pelvic floor muscle training in the treatment of lower urinary tract dysfunction in women with multiple sclerosis. Neurourol Urodynamics. 2010;29(8):1410-3 doi:10.1002/nau.20941 PMid:20976816 54. Lucio AC, Perissinoto MC, Natalin RA, Prudente A, Damasceno BP, D'ancona CAL. A comparative study of pelvic floor muscle training in women with multiple sclerosis: its impact on lower urinary tract symptoms and quality of life. Clinics. 2011;66:1563-8. doi:10.1590/S1807-59322011000900010 PMid:22179160 PMCid:PMC3164405 55. Kabay S, Kabay SC. The sustained therapeutic effects of percutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation in the treatment of neurogenic lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with parkinson's disease: 24-months clinical and urodynamic results. Urology. 2021;153:49-55 doi:10.1016/j.urology.2021.01.044 PMid:33561470 56. Guitynavard F, Mirmosayyeb O, Razavi ERV, Hosseini M, Hosseinabadi AM, Ghajarzadeh M, et al. Percutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTSs) treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Multiple Sclerosis Related Disord. 2022;58:103392. doi:10.1016/j.msard.2021.103392 PMid:35216773 57. El-Habashy H, Nada MM, Maher EA, Shamloul R, Maged M, Abdelazim MS. The effect of cortical versus sacral repetitive magnetic stimulation on lower urinary tract dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurologica Belgica. 2020; 120(1):141-7 doi:10.1007/s13760-019-01257-6 PMid:31828602 58. Pericolini M, Miget G, Hentzen C, Finazzi Agrò E, Chesnel C, Lagnau P, et al. Cortical, Spinal, Sacral, and Peripheral Neuromodulations as Therapeutic Approaches for the Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Review. Neuromodulation: Technol at the Neural Interface. 2022;25(8):1065-75 doi:10.1111/ner.13525 PMid:34496454 59. McClurg D, Ashe R, Marshall K, Lowe‐Strong A. Comparison of pelvic floor muscle training, electromyography biofeedback, and neuromuscular electrical stimulation for bladder dysfunction in people with multiple sclerosis: a randomized pilot study. Neurourol Urodynamics. 2006;25(4):337-48 doi:10.1002/nau.20209 PMid:16637070 60. Ferreira APS, de Souza Pegorare ABG, Junior AM, Salgado PR, Medola FO, Christofoletti G. A controlled clinical trial on the effects of exercise on lower urinary tract symptoms in women with multiple sclerosis. Am J Physical Med Rehabil 2019 ;98(9):777-82. doi:10.1097/PHM.0000000000001189 PMid:30932917 61. Engeler DS, Meyer D, Abt D, Müller S, Schmid H-P. Sacral neuromodulation for the treatment of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction caused by multiple sclerosis: a single-centre prospective series. BMC Urol 2015;15:1-6 doi:10.1186/s12894-015-0102-x PMid:26498275 PMCid:PMC4619407
|