History and Objective: Neonatal sepsis is one of the common diseases and its early diagnosis and treatment is necessary and due to controversies about diagnosis, based on blood and urine cultures and bacterial drug resistance and in order to determine the bacterial causes and their drug resistance, this study was performed on hospitalized neonates with sepsis at Shaheed Beheshti hospital of Kashan from 1375 to 1376.

Materials and Methods: The present study was performed by existing data method and all culture-positive, hospitalized neonates at the neonatal ward were evaluated. Age, sex, antibiogram sensitivity and type of culture were studied. Bacteria were transmitted into differential culture media after defining whether they were gram positive or negative, then their type was recognized and antibiogram results were defined as sensitivity or resistance to the common antibiotics.

Results: Ninety three neonates including 58 male (62.4%) and 35 female (37.6%) infants were studied during the mentioned period the most common grown microorganisms were in order of frequency: Klebsiella in 35 neonates (37.6%), Coagulase positive Staphylococcus in 21 patients (22.5%), Coagulase negative Staphylococcus in 14 neonates (15.05%), Escherichia coli in 14 infants (15.05%), Pseudomonas in 4 neonates (4.3%), Enterobacter in 14 patients (4.3%) and Serratia in on neonates (1.07%). The most common positive culture was observed in blood specimens in 76 neonates (81.7%), urine specimens in 14 infants (15.05%) and both blood and urine specimens in 3 neonates (3.2%). The most common positive blood culture was due to klebsiella in 33 neonates (43.4%) and the most common positive urine culture was due to E.coli in 8 infants (58.1%). In three of the neonates, both blood and urine cultures were positive. Ampicillin, cloxacillin and gentamicin resistance was detected in 15.5%, 23.8% and 48.4% of cases respectively. Intermediate sensitivity to amikacin was detected in 3% of neonates.

Conclusion: Klebsiella is the most common bacterial cause of neonatal sepsis and half of these bacteria are resistant to ampicillin and gentamicin. It is recommended to substitute amikacin for gentamicin and a broad-spectrum antibiotic for ampicillin in neonatal sepsis.