1. Azizi A, Borjali A, Golzari M. The effectiveness of emotion regulation training and cognitive therapy on the emotional and addictional problems of substance abusers. Iran J Psychiatry 2010; 5(2): 60.

2. Kaplan BJ. Kaplan and sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry. Behav Sci Clin Psychiatry 2016; 58(1): 78-9.

3. Balhara YPS, Kuppili PP, Gupta R. Neurobiology of comorbid substance use disorders and psychiatric disorders: current state of evidence. J Addict Nurs 2017; 28(1): 11-26.

4. Crunelle CL, Veltman DJ, van Emmerik-van Oortmerssen K, Booij J, van den Brink W. Impulsivity in adult ADHD patients with and without cocaine dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend 2013; 129(1-2): 18-24.

5. Spera V, Pallucchini A, Maiello M, Carli M, Maremmani AGI, Perugi G, et al. Substance Use Disorder in Adult-Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients: Patterns of Use and Related Clinical Features. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17(10): 3509.

6. van Emmerik‐van Oortmerssen K, van de Glind G, Koeter MW, Allsop S, Auriacombe M, Barta C, et al. Psychiatric comorbidity in treatment‐seeking substance use disorder patients with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: results of the IASP study. Addiction 2014; 109(2): 262-72.

7. Cardullo S, Pérez LJG, Cuppone D, Sarlo M, Cellini N, Terraneo A, et al. A Retrospective Comparative Study in Patients With Cocaine Use Disorder Comorbid With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Undergoing an rTMS Protocol Treatment. Frontiers Psychiatry 2021;12.

8. Biederman J, Wilens T, Mick E, Milberger S, Spencer TJ, Faraone SV. Psychoactive substance use disorders in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): effects of ADHD and psychiatric comorbidity. 1995.

9. Harstad E, Levy S, Ammerman SD, Gonzalez PK, Ryan SA, Siqueira LM, et al. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and substance abuse. Pediatrics 2014; 134(1): e293-e301.

10. Wilens TE, Adamson J, Sgambati S, Whitley J, Santry A, Monuteaux MC, et al. Do individuals with ADHD self‐medicate with cigarettes and substances of abuse? Results from a controlled family study of ADHD. Am J Addictions 2007; 16: 14-23.

11. Pomerleau CS, Downey KK, Snedecor SM, Mehringer AM, Marks JL, Pomerleau OF. Smoking patterns and abstinence effects in smokers with no ADHD, childhood ADHD, and adult ADHD symptomatology. Addict Behav 2003; 28(6): 1149-57.

12. Edwards AC, Kendler KS. Twin study of the relationship between adolescent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and adult alcohol dependence. J Studies Alcohol Drugs 2012; 73(2): 185-94.

13. Biederman J, Petty CR, Wilens TE, Fraire MG, Purcell CA, Mick E, et al. Familial risk analyses of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and substance use disorders. Am J Psychiatry 2008; 165(1): 107-15.

14. Crunelle CL, van den Brink W, Moggi F, Konstenius M, Franck J, Levin FR, et al. International Consensus Statement on Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment of Substance Use Disorder Patients with Comorbid Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Eur Addict Res 2018; 24(1): 43-51.

15. Levin FR, Evans SM, Vosburg SK, Horton T, Brooks D, Ng J. Impact of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and other psychopathology on treatment retention among cocaine abusers in a therapeutic community. Addict Behav 2004; 29(9): 1875-82.

16. Kronenberg LM, Goossens PJ, van Etten DM, van Achterberg T, van den Brink W. Need for care and life satisfaction in adult substance use disorder patients with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Perspect Psychiatr Care 2015; 51(1): 4-15.

17. Bielefeld M, Drews M, Putzig I, Bottel L, Steinbüchel T, Dieris-Hirche J, et al. Comorbidity of Internet use disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Two adult case-control studies. J Behav Addict 2017; 6(4): 490-504.

18. Aldao A, Nolen-Hoeksema S, Schweizer S. Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2010; 30(2): 217-37.

19. Bonn-Miller MO, Vujanovic AA, Boden MT, Gross JJ. Posttraumatic stress, difficulties in emotion regulation, and coping-oriented marijuana use. Cogn Behav Ther 2011; 40(1): 34-44.

20. Yu JJ, Kim H, Hay I. Understanding adolescents’ problematic Internet use from a social/cognitive and addiction research framework. Computers Human Behav 2013; 29(6): 2682-9.

21. Wilens TE, Martelon M, Anderson JP, Shelley-Abrahamson R, Biederman J. Difficulties in emotional regulation and substance use disorders: A controlled family study of bipolar adolescents. Drug Alcohol Depend 2013; 132(1-2): 114-21.

22. Kober H, Bolling D. Handbook of Emotion Regulation. Guildford Press London:; 2014.

23. van Stralen J. Emotional dysregulation in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Atten Defic Hyperact Disord 2016; 8(4): 175-87.

24. Beheshti A, Chavanon ML, Christiansen H. Emotion dysregulation in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20(1): 1-11.

25. Shaw P, Stringaris A, Nigg J, Leibenluft E. Emotion dysregulation in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2014; 171(3): 276-93.

26. Khosravani V, Sharifi Bastan F, Ghorbani F, Kamali Z. Difficulties in emotion regulation mediate negative and positive affects and craving in alcoholic patients. Addict Behav 2017; 71: 75-81.

27. Breese GR, Sinha R, Heilig M. Chronic alcohol neuroadaptation and stress contribute to susceptibility for alcohol craving and relapse. Pharmacol Therapeutics 2011; 129(2): 149-71.

28. Evren B, Evren C, Dalbudak E, Topcu M, Kutlu N. Relationship of internet addiction severity with probable ADHD and difficulties in emotion regulation among young adults. Psychiatry Res 2018; 269: 494-500.

29. Sharifi V, Assadi SM, Mohammadi MR, Amini H, Kaviani H, Semnani Y, et al. A persian translation of the structured clinical interview for diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: psychometric properties. Compr Psychiatry 2009; 50(1): 86-91.

30. Bjureberg J, Sahlin H, Hedman-Lagerlöf E, Gratz KL, Tull MT, Jokinen J, et al. Extending research on Emotion Regulation Individual Therapy for Adolescents (ERITA) with nonsuicidal self-injury disorder: open pilot trial and mediation analysis of a novel online version. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18(1): 1-13.

31. Hasel KM, Ardebil MD. Relationship of body image and emotion regulation strategies among female students. J Garmian Univ 2018; 5(3): 446-53.

32. Rahmanian M, Mirjafari A, Hasani J. The relationship between craving and attentional bias in opioid dependent, relapsed and abstinent individuals. Iran J Psychiatry Clin Psychol 2006; 12(3): 216-22.

33. Gholamalinezhad F, Abdolmanafi A, Rostami R, Farhoodi F. Comparison of craving in substanceuse patients with the history of ADHD and substance use without ADHD history. Procedia-Social Behav Sci 2010; 5: 1713-5.

34. Corbisiero S, Stieglitz RD, Retz W, Rösler M. Is emotional dysregulation part of the psychopathology of ADHD in adults? Atten Deficit Hyperact Disord 2013; 5(2): 83-92.

35. Kober H. Emotion Regulation Substance Use Disorders. 2014.

36. Shaw P, Stringaris A, Nigg J, Leibenluft E. Emotion dysregulation in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2014; 171(3): 276-93.

37. Cavicchioli M, Movalli M, Vassena G, Ramella P, Prudenziati F, Maffei C. The therapeutic role of emotion regulation and coping strategies during a stand-alone DBT Skills training program for alcohol use disorder and concurrent substance use disorders. Addict Behav 2019; 98: 106035.

38. Doran N, McChargue D, Cohen L. Impulsivity and the reinforcing value of cigarette smoking. Addict Behav 2007; 32(1): 90-8.