History and Objectives: Due to the increased frequency of Tuberculosis for the past ten years, specially in developing countries (e.g. Southeast Asia) and importance of role of health care in prevention of the disease. BCG scars and PPD response after BCG vaccination in neonatal period was determined. Their relationship in infants, who come to treatment to health centers of Kashan in the summer of 1998.

Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical study. 400 infants (3 months old) who come to treatment and health centers of Kashan. Infants receiving BCG vaccination in neonatal period and PPD test were selected.

Results: More than 93% of vaccinated neonates had BCG scar in 3 months old. 53.31% of infants 3 months after vaccination had positive Mathuex test. The bigger BCG scar had bigger Mathuex test induration size.

Conclusion: Due to the importance of preventive measures in control of disease and efficacy of BCG vaccination in prevention of Tuberculosis (Specially in lethal forms) BCG vaccination is necessary in neonatal period in our country and principle of storage and production of good vaccine solution and their usage by experienced staff should be taken into consideration.