Background: With respect to the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, its known complications, the impact of epidemiological features on prognosis and in order to determine the acute complications of diabetes mellitus and its related mortality and morbidity, the present study was conducted in Shaheed Beheshti University hospital in Kashan, during an 8-year period (1991-99).

Materials and Methods: It was an existing data type study. Demographic characteristics as well disease profile were all recorded. Then descriptive statistics was used.

Results: 114 patients with 144 acute complications were included. Diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar syndrome and hypoglycemia were reported in 54 (37.5%), 9 (6.3%) and 81 (56.2%), respectively. Diabetic ketoacidosis was more obvious in 12-20-year-old individuals (21 cases). The mortality rare was 11.1%, 66.6% and 6.2%, respectively.

Conclusion: Hypoglycemia was by far the most common complication. Diabetic ketoacidosis was found more common among 12-20-year-old individuals. Whereas hyperosmolar syndrome and hypoglycemia were more prevalent after 60. Mortality had occurred among these patients. Thus an experimental study is strongly recommended.