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History and Objectives: Considering the incidence of osteoarthritis and its known complications and significance of its etiology and the relationship between articular cartilage and its occurrence and lack of a histopathologic study based on radiologic scoring, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between the thickness of articular cartilage and intensity of osteoarthritis in referrals of Maabari hospital and Forensic medicine center in Tehran in 2000.
Materials and Methods: The case-control strategy of this study was carried out on 30 patients with fracture of femur neck and having total hip arthroplasty. For control group, 5 samples of femur head were collected from normal individuals. Samples were fixed in 10% formalin and then sliced into 6 segments. Therefore, radiological examination was performed and according to Jeffery and Meachim methods were scored into normal and grades 1-4. After decalcification, two mid-coronal sections were done on each segment and through dehydrating and blocking in paraffin, they were stained by hematoxylin and eosin. For measurement of thickness of articular cartilage, an ocular graticule (#18) was used. For statistical analysis, t-test was applied.

Results: This study was performed on 5 samples of femur head of normal cadavers with an average age of 26.4±2.7 and 30 patients including 20 cases with fracture of femur neck and 10 cases with osteoarthritis and have undergone a surgical operation. Thickness of femur head was less in patients with osteoarthritis compared to control group. There was no significant difference between case and control groups regarding anterior portion of femur head. Thickness of cartilage in middle and posterior portions in control group was 2.12±0.55 (0.52±0.83 according to scoring, P<0.05) and 1.47±0.42 (0.66±0.81 according to scoring, P<0.01) respectively.

Conclusion and Recommendations: Thickness of articular cartilage, especially in upper and posterior portions of femur head is less in patients with osteoarthritis than is in normal individuals. Therefore, it is recommended to conduct research study to determine the value of radiological findings in diagnosis of changes in the thickness of articular cartilage on a histological basis and use of devices to reduce pressure in upper and posterior portions of femur head.

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Background: “Reject analysis” is considered as the critical evaluation of radiographs. Repeated films represent additional no billable costs as well as additional radiation exposure that affects patients and personnel and also is time consuming. This research was carried out to determine the rate of reject films in hospitals affiliated to Kashan University of medical sciences in 2003.

Materials and Methods: This research was a descriptive study in which total radiographies were assessed and repeated films that were not accepted by radiographer and radiologist were determined. The common reasons of repeated films were incorrect exposure factors, incorrect patients position, x-ray equipment faults, processing equipment faults, little cooperation of patients, and miscellaneous reasons. Incidence rate was determined for total cases, body area, hospitals and finally for population.

Results: During the study 6438 radiographies were done. Repeated radiographies were 317 cases that constituted %4.9 of total radiographies. Shabihkhani Hospital and Naghavi Hospital had the highest (%6.9) and lowest (%3.8) rate, respectively. Among the most common reasons of repeated radiographies, incorrect exposure factors (%2) and incorrect patient position (%1) were reported. Skull and pelvis had the most repetition (%7).

Conclusion: The repeated rate of radiographies in this study was similar to previous studies. The repeated rates in some hospitals and in some organs are not acceptable so we recommend continuous education programs to reduce the repeated radiographies.

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Objectives: One of the main goals of establishment of radiology technology discipline is training students who can imagine high-quality radiographic perspective. For this reason students must study theoretical basis of imaging techniques at first, and then follow this principle in lab and finally apply them on patients. At present, in our country the second stage of this process (taking an image in lab) doesn’t take place because of some restrictions such as radiographic phantoms. This matter causes some problems. The Aim of this study was construction of teaching radiographic phantoms to train students to get radiographic image in lab. After lab training, they enter into radiology departments (real environment).

Methods and material: Natural bone from anatomy department was provided and then adjusted with respect to its anatomical position in body and various radiographic positions. Simultaneously from each region a mold was prepared and bones set in correct anatomical and radiographic position into that and then it was filled with melted paraffin. After cooling the phantoms, they were taken took out and colored.

Results: Investigation and comparison of results showed that instructed phantoms have very similarity with patient radiographs with regard to physical parameters such as density and contrast.

Conclusion: This result showed that construction of radiographic teaching phantoms is possible in our country and according to their quality we can use them in training of students.

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Background: Pelvic fractures may be associated with bleeding, shock, and increased mortality and its correct diagnosis is necessary. Radiology plays an important role in the initial evaluation of trauma patients. This study aimed to evaluate the indications and findings of pelvic radiography in patients with blunt trauma referred to the Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive retrospective study, radiologic information of 292 Patients with blunt trauma who referred to the Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan during 2020, including number of pelvic radiographies, indications for pelvic radiography and CT Scanning, and service that requesting radiography were collected. Data were analyzed using SPSS - 22.
Results: The majority of (58.6%) patients were men. The most common cause of trauma was falling (61.0%). About 88% of patients had two or more pelvic radiography. Pelvic tenderness was the most prevalent indication for radiography and intertrochanteric fracture was the most common type of pelvic fracture (38%). 26% of patients had additional CT Scan besides their radiography, in which there was an agreement between the radiographic and CT scan findings (Kappa = 0.769).
Conclusions: Falling is the most common cause of pelvic trauma and tenderness is the most prevalent indication for pelvic radiography. According to the request of multiple radiographies by various specialized services, it is necessary to designate and implement a single protocol for imaging requests in trauma patients in order to reduce the treatment costs and avoid high doses of radiation, as well as modifying the recent disorganized process in the emergency room.

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