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Showing 8 results for Neonates
Ziba Mosayebi, Amir Hossein Movahedian, Mohsen Khezri,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (10-2002)
Abstract
Background: Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is an important cause of mortality and neurologic sequels in the neonatal period. As there is little information about the prevalence and etiologies of neonatal I.C.H. in Kashan, the present study was carried out on neonates admitted in Kashan hospitals during a 4-year period, 1996-2000. Material and methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 2755 neonates. Having the diagnosis confirmed, initial data including gestational age, sex, clinical manifestations, mode of delivery, maternal risk factors, type and cause of hemorrhage were collected from medical records and results were analyzed. Results: Of 62 cases of ICH, 42 were in preterm and 20 were in full term neonates. The most common etiology of ICH in preterm and term neonate was asphyxia and trauma, respectively. The most common type of ICH in preterm was intraventricular hemorrhage versus subdural hemorrhage in full terms. There was no significant relationship between ICH and sex or mode of delivery. Decreased More reflex was the most common clinical finding and preeclampsia was the most important maternal risk factor in ICH. Conclusion: Considering the frequency of ICH in preterm neonates (27 times more than full terms neonates) and asphyxia as the most common etiology, further attempts should be employed to prevent preterm deliveries and occurrence of asphyxia.
Rezvan Moniri, Ziba Mosayebi, Gholamabbas Mousavi,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (1-2008)
Abstract
Background: The occurrence of isolates producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) has increased worldwide. Gram-negative bacilli producing the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) are responsible for resistance against oxy-imino beta-lactames and monobactams, and may be considered as the major pathogens in the neonatal intensive care units (NICU). The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of beta-lactam antibiotic resistance in fecal flora of newborns and the risk factors leading to their colonization.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was carried out on 167 hospitalized newborns in Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan in 2006. The fecal isolated gram-negative bacilli were prepared using standard tests. The pattern of sensitivity to antibiotics and the ESBL production was investigated on isolates with the criteria suggested by Clinical Laboratory Standards Institutes (CLSI). Data were analyzed statistically by Fischer’s exact and Chi square tests.
Results: Colonization of fecal flora with gram-negative microorganisms was determined in 120 stool samples. Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, and microorganisms producing ESBL were identified in 53 (44.2%), 34 (28.3 %), and 35 (29.2%), respectively. 65.7% (23 out of 35) of microorganisms producing ESBL were K.pneumoniae. Risk factors for colonization of gram negative bacilli producing ESBL were birth weight ≤ 2500gr. (P<0.00008), any antibiotic usage in infants (P<0.0001), preterm neonates (P<0.00013), total parenteral feeding (P<0.0007), administration of ampicillin (P<0.0017), respiratory disease (P<0.0037), ventilator support (P<0.0076), duration of hospitalization >7 days (P<0.0082), administration of cefotaxime (P<0.0247), and C-section delivery (P<0.048).
Conclusion: To decrease the morbidity and mortality rates following the infection caused by ESBLs colonized in the intestine of infants, protection of normal non-pathogenic bacterial flora is important. This can be provided by the efficient application of infection control measures, and limitation of antibiotic usage to strict clinical indications.
Ghasem Mohammadkhani , Fateme Haji Ebrahim Tehrani , Mahboube Sheykhzadeh , Hale Majidi, Soghrat Faghihzadeh ,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (7-2009)
Abstract
Background: Auditory-evoked potentials are brain waves produced by presenting acoustic signals to the person. Auditory-evoked brainstem responses (AEBR) are a part of auditory evoked potentials seen in a time range less than 10 ms after the delivery of high intensity stimulation. Considering the effect of maturation on auditory pathways, the purpose of this study was to compare the latency and amplitude of (AEBR) in full-term and premature neonates. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 40 full-term and 40 premature neonates (1 -28 days). The obtained amplitude and latency of AEBR were studied. The data were analyzed using SPSS software and t- test . Results: While the mean latency of I, III, V waves and inter-wave latency of I-III, I-V, III-V and also amplitude of V waves showed a significant difference in both groups, the comparison of amplitude of waves I in two groups showed no significant difference. Conclusion: According to the availability of a significant difference between the latency and amplitude of auditory brainstem responses in full-term and premature newborns, and due to the delayed maturation of central auditory nervous system, the use of relative normative data for the study of auditory-evoked potentials in premature neonates are suggested .
Marzieh Heydarzadeh, Amir Hosein Movahedian, Ziba Mosayebi, Sayyed Alireza Moravveji, Mojtaba Adineh,
Volume 16, Issue 3 (5-2012)
Abstract
Background: Neonatal sepsis is one of the common causes of neonatal mortality and morbidity. This study was aimed to evaluate the plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) level as an early marker of neonatal sepsis. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 142 term neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Kashan Shahid Beheshti hospital during 2010-11. The plasma IL-6 level of cases was determined using the electrochemiluminescence method. Ten icteric neonates with no signs or symptoms of sepsis were treated with phototherapy. Bactec blood culture was performed in 132 cases of suspected sepsis. Ten cases had positive blood culture and 122 negative blood culture with symptoms of sepsis. Then the levels of IL-6, in10 positive blood culture, 10 negative blood culture and another 10 cases with no symptoms of sepsis, were compared using Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: Seventy-four cases were male and 68 were female. The incidence of neonatal sepsis was 7%. The most common bacterial agents were group B Streptococcus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Tachypnea (35.9%) was the most common sign among the admitted neonates. The mean IL-6 level in the first (suspected sepsis with a positive blood culture), the second (suspected sepsis with a negative blood culture) and the control group (icteric neonates) were 1545.65, 14.79 and 11.04 ρg/dl, respectively (P=0.001). Conclusion: The plasma IL-6 level can be a good predictor of early neonatal sepsis.
Mohammad Bagher Hosseini , Behzad Jodeiri , Majid Mahallei, Shahram Abdoli-Oskooi , Ahmad Safari, Zakieh Salimi ,
Volume 17, Issue 6 (1-2014)
Abstract
Background: Long-term hospitalization of preterm neonates and maintaining a secure intravenous line for them to provide nutrition and drugs are serious problems among some specialists. The purpose of this study was to compare the two types of IV access: peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) and conventional peripheral IV line. Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 117 preterm neonates with birth weight less than 1500 g were divided into the PICC line (57 cases) and peripheral IV line (60 cases) groups. The early outcomes including the duration of catheterization, catheter-related infection, and mortality rate of the neonates were compared for both groups. Results: The mean birth weights in the PICC and peripheral IV groups were 1061±183g and 1054±217 g, respectively (P=0.7). Sepsis with positive blood culture was reported in 8 cases in the PICC group and 7 cases in the peripheral IV group (P=0.9). Moreover, 7cases with a positive catheter tip culture (colonization) were found in the PICC group. Mortality rates in the PICC and peripheral IV line groups were 6 and 5, respectively (P=0.9). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, PICC does not increase the risk of sepsis and mortality rate in the neonates. Considering many advantages of the PICC line including its durability, it can be recommended for very low birth weight neonates.
Ahmad Talebian, Mohammad Jahangiri, Mohammad Reza Sharif, Seyyed Alireza Moraveji, Davood Kheirkhah, Monireh Ghorbani , Maryam Hojjati, Motahareh Talebian,
Volume 21, Issue 3 (8-2017)
Abstract
Background: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a common and preventable cause of sensory-neural hearing impairment, which can cause difficulties in the development of speech and communication. This study was conducted to detect the toxic effect of hyperbilirubinemia on the brain stem and auditory tract in neonates with icterus admitted to Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan, Iran.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 98 neonates with increased indirect bilirubin admitted to Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan during 2014-2015. The patients were referred to Matini Hospital for the assessment of the auditory brainstem response (ABR); wave latency and interpeak intervals of the waves were also evaluated. According to the serum bilirubin level, the neonates were allocated into two groups; one group had a serum bilirubin level of 13-20 mg/d and another group had a bilirubin level more than 20 mg/d.
Results: From 98 neonates, 26 (26.5%) had a bilirubin level more than 20 mg/d and 72 (73.5%) had a bilirubin level of 13-20 mg/d. Also, 46.1% of the neonates in the first group (bilirubin< 20 mg/d) and 2.8% of the neonates in the second group (bilirubin 13-20 mg/d) had abnormal ABR (P<0.0001). There was a significant difference between the mean latency time of III and V waves and the interpeak intervals of I-III, I-V, and III-V waves in neonates of the two groups (P<0.05).
Conclusion: An increased indirect bilirubin level (>20 mg/d) can cause an auditory processing disorder in neonates. So, performing ABR for screening and early detection of bilirubin toxicity can be recommended as a necessary audiologic intervention in all cases of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
Abolhassan Seyedzadeh, Mohamad Reza Tohidi, Maziyar Vakili, Zahra Koulani, Sara Hookari,
Volume 25, Issue 2 (3-2021)
Abstract
Background: Renal system deposits are uncommon in the neonatal period and its exact prevalence is not fully understood. The present study was conducted due to the lack of a similar study in Iran aimed to determine the prevalence of renal sediment and the factors affecting its occurrence in Iranian neonates and to compare with similar studies in other communities.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 200 infants who were hospitalized in the intensive care unit of Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah, Iran in 2017, were included in the study by available sampling method. The mean age of the newborn was 4.06 days, of which 117 were boys (58.5%) and 83 were girls (41.5%).
Results: The results showed that the overall prevalence of kidney deposits was 2.5%, including 2% nephrolithiasis and 0.5% nephrocalcinosis and there was a statistically significant relationship between the type of renal sediment and the age of the neonates at the time of admission, oxygen and ventilator use (P<0.001), also.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the prevalence of renal deposits (nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis) in neonates admitted to the intensive care unit was lower than similar reports in other communities.
Gholamreza Fallahmohammadi, Amir Saemian, Mobina Darbayar,
Volume 28, Issue 6 (12-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Radiography plays a crucial role in diagnosing neonatal abnormalities. Due to the heightened sensitivity of neonates to ionizing radiation, the small size of their body parts, the proximity of their organs, and their longer life expectancy, there is an increased risk of biological effects from radiation exposure. Therefore, estimating the received radiation dose in neonates is essential. This study aimed to evaluate the skin entrance dose (ESD) and effective dose in neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from common radiographic tests.
Methods: In this study, the skin entrance dose (ESD) was measured in 50 neonates in the NICU who underwent chest, abdominal, pelvic, and skull radiography. Air kerma at a distance of one meter from the X-ray tube was measured. The air kerma at the skin entrance site was then calculated, considering the distance from the tube to the film and the thickness of the anatomical region being radiographed. ESD was obtained by multiplying the air kerma by the backscatter factor. Furthermore, the effective dose was computed from the ESD using appropriate conversion factors.
Results: The average ESD for chest, abdominal, pelvic, and skull radiographs were 0.3, 0.57, 0.43, and 1.01 milligray (mGy), respectively. The highest effective dose was observed in abdominal and pelvic radiography. Kilovoltage and milliampere-seconds, as the most significant factors affecting ESD, were reported to be 47.2 and 4.8 for chest radiography. The ESD values for chest and abdominal radiographs were higher than international standards, while the ESD values for skull and pelvic radiographs showed no significant difference from the diagnostic reference levels (DRL).
Conclusion: The results indicate that neonates received higher doses in chest and abdominal radiographs compared to the standard thresholds. The technical conditions used in these radiographic tests, especially for chest radiography, did not align with the recommended standards. Therefore, reviewing and adjusting imaging techniques for these tests is necessary. Medical imaging centers should select exposure conditions that reduce the effective dose received by neonates while maintaining image quality. It is recommended to use high kilovoltage (kV) and low milliampere (mA) settings for radiography of the neonate's torso (chest, abdomen, and pelvis).
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