Background: Accident-induced trauma is a common problem with short- and long-term complications. The present study was conducted in Naghavi hospital in Kashan in 2000 to determine the external factors influencing the incidence of accident-induced trauma.

Materials and Methods: It was an existing data type study. Medical records of patients hospitalized in 2000 in Naghavi hospital were reviewed and initial data including sex, age, type of accident and site of injury were all determined.

Results: The study population included 1543 males and 498 females. 35.5% of females referred to the hospital because of falling down. Males aged 10-30 and females’ aged ?50 years were more commonly affected. Vehicles were the cause of accident in 49.2% of the cases, of which motorcycle was more common (56%). Head and neck regions were injured in 32% of the cases.

Conclusion: Trauma has affected young adults more frequently. This seeks further attention since this age group are more actively involved in society activities. Results have revealed that in Kashan, motorcycle accidents required more precise observations.

Background: Occupational accidents are major health problems in both developed and developing countries. The most important aspect is death leading to loss of years of life and work. The objective of this study is evaluation of human costs of fatal occupational accidents in the insured employees by Human Capital method in Tehran.

Materials and Methods: Data for this study were collected through specific checklists filled in by referring to the branches of the Social Security Organization. Human costs were calculated by determination of the lost years of life, years of active economic function as well as annual income of the deceased people.

Results: In the three years of the study 7552 years of life and 3656 years of work have been lost because of the occupational accidents. Findings also showed that human cost for each occupational accident was 3.36 billion Rials. Human costs of fatal occupational accidents for each year of study was found to be equal to 0.03 percent of Iran’s GDP.

Conclusion: Very high expenses of occupational accidents mandates more attention to the occupational health and safety services.

Background: Injury is one of the most important non-contagious epidemiological phenomena dominant in this century contributing to a high rate of mortality in the world. The present study converses the epidemiologic aspect of trauma in Kashan during a 30 months period.

Materials and Methods :�In a cross sectional study from March 2004 to September 2006 all victims of injuries admitted to hospitals of Kashan were classified in four groups consisting of domestic, traffic, occupational, and sport ones. External causes of the injuries were also recorded under the code of ICD 10. The data collected was then computerized by means of SPSS software and analyzed afterwards.

Results: A total of 18166 patients were studied during 30 months. The female to male ratio stood at 1:3.25. The average age of patients was 29.23±19.5 years, with 27.54±17.74 for men and 34.81±25.04 for women. The most common age range of the patients was 20-29 and 10-19 years with 26.5% and 23.6% respectively. Traffic injuries were the predominant type (50.5%), and in terms of external causes, the majority was involved in driving injuries and falls. Motor-cycle crashes (58.3%) were the main causes of accidents. A group of 231(1.3%) injured patients died in the hospital.

Discussion: Traffic accidents were the predominant cause of injuries followed by domestic causes along with occupational ones in the second stand. The injuries happened at a lower age range than those abroad which may lead to a loss of more fruitful length of life and imposition of expenses on the society. 

Background: According to International Labor Organization (ILO), annually, an estimated 15 million people suffer occupational accidents and one million die from their accidents, throughout the world. Occupational injuries and accidents can result in personal disability and impairment. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the work related injuries in Kashan during 2005-2006.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was carried on 1517 workers injured in their workplaces including factories, farms, and different kinds of office works, in Kashan. A specifically designed questionnaire was completed for all cases of occupational injuries referred to the emergency departments during 2005 to 2006 by a trained nurse. Data was analyzed by x2 test.

Results: Out of 1517 work related injury cases 1476 (97.3%) were male, with age between 12 and 75 years (29.7± 10.2). Most of the patients were in the age range of 20 to 29 (41.3%) and most of them had less than 4 years history of work (42.7%). Eyes (53.6%) and hands (26.6%) were the most common sites of injury. Almost half of injuries happened in office works (50.2%) and then in industrial and mining workplaces (48.3%) followed by 1.5% in agricultural activities. In this study the most important mechanisms of injury were blunt objects trauma (39.3%) and then working with machines (14.3%). There is a significant relation between location of injury in body and workplace, and also between the injured organ and kind of injury (PV<0.001).

Conclusions: Paying further attention to safety standards, as well as proper training for working with machines and in specific situations may reduce the magnitude and severity of occupational injuries.

Background: Trauma is the most common cause of mortality for people aged 1 through 44 years. Traffic accidents are the leading cause of severe injuries among young people in most countries. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of traffic accident injuries in victims referred to Kashan Trauma Center during 2007-8.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on 1004 trauma cases referred to Kashan Shahid Beheshti Trauma Center during the year during 2007-8. Data including age, sex, type of trauma, and type of intra- and/or extra-thoracic injury were recorded and analyzed.

Results: Sixty-six per cent of the cases were male, and the most frequently observed trauma cases were between the ages 21 and 30, followed by 10 and 20. The frequency of trauma in urban and rural areas was 62.5% and 37.5%, respectively. Motorcycle accidents are the most common traffic accidents followed by car accidents.

Conclusion: Considering the large number of trauma cases secondary to the traffic accidents and lower levels of education in those cases, appropriate educational programs may be helpful to decrease the mortality rates and other undesirable consequences of accidents.

Background: There is limited information on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of injured accident survivors. The aim of the present study was to assess acute stress, post traumatic stress disorder and health-related quality of life in injured accident survivors.

Materials and Methods: Eighty-eight patients admitted to the orthopaedics and trauma surgery department of Rasht Porsina Hospital were enrolled to this descriptive study. SRS- PTSD (post-traumatic stress) and SF-36 (short-form of health-related quality of life) questionnaires were completed and assessed one week and two months after the accident.

Results: Acute stress of the first week of the accident was found to be an independent predictor of post-traumatic stress of two months later. Regression analysis showed a statistically significant relationship between position of the survivor as a driver and score of post-traumatic stress disorder two months post-accident (P=0.024). The results also showed a statistically significant improvement in physical function (P=0.005), lack of improvement in role limitations due to physical injury (P=0.02), no improvement in mental function including mental health (P=0.001), role limitations due to emotional problems (P=0.01) and vitality (P=0.001).

Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between PTSD and quality of life of the injured survivors. The return of injured accident survivors to pre-injury HRQOL may depend not only on optimal medical care but also on awareness and timely interventions regarding PTSS.

Background: Stroke is the third leading cause of death and the first leading cause of disability worldwide. The tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) is one of the few treatments for this condition, which is currently used at a limited number of medical centers in Iran. Since the TPA is not used in Qazvin City, Iran, this study aimed to determine the frequency of qualified recipients to receive the TPA and the preventive factors associated with the use of the drug at the Boo Ali Center (Qazvin, Iran).

Materials and Methods: In this case study, 100 patients with the acute cerebral ischemic attack admitted to Boo-Ali hospital were selected during a six-month period (March to September 2014). The patients were evaluated for receiving the TPA using a questionnaire and then the data were analyzed.

Results: Only 8% of the patients were qualified to receive the TPA. the main preventing factors in drug delivery with the highest rates were delay in visiting by a neurologist (75%), delay in referring the patients to the medical centers (67%), delay in preparing the clinical tests (46%), delay in visiting by an emergency department physician (39%), delay in preparing the CT scan result (36%), using the anti-platelets (35%), and anticoagulants (26%), respectively.

Conclusion: Due to several preventive factors in the delivery of the drug, only a limited percentage of the patients were qualified to receive the TPA. More studies are needed to identify the causes and obviate them.

Background: Women with hyperkyphosis have impaired balance and increased body sway, which can increase their risk of falls. Impaired balance and poor postural stability are the main risk factors for falling. This study aimed to study the effect of corrective exercises on balance in elderly women with hyperkyphosis.
Methods and Materials: In this quasi experimental study, 30 adult women (age range, 60-75 years old) were selected using a purposive sampling and assigned randomly into the experimental and control groups. Participants in the experimental group took part in an 8-week (3 sessions a week) corrective exercise program. In this period, the control group did not receive any corrective exercise program. The flexicurve ruler and Berg balance scale were used in pre- and post-tests to measure kyphosis angle and balance, respectively. This study was conducted in Spring 2014 at Jahandideh Nursing Home in Arak city, Iran. The number of falls and fears of falling was also recorded. To analyze data, dependent t-test and covariate analysis at a significance level of P<0.05 were used.
Results: Twenty-six participants completed post-test measures. The Kyphosis angle changed from 50.58 to 48.84 degrees (P=0.002) and a significant improvement was observed in the Berg scale (P<0.0001). Moreover, fear of falling was decreased significantly. In the experimental group, the number of people at risk of falling was reduced from 7 to 2 cases.
Conclusion: A corrective exercise program can be effective in reducing the angle of kyphosis and improving balance in elderly and thus it can decrease risk of falling.

Background: Emotional Intelligence (EI) is considered as a new topic in the field of health. Studies conducted in this field have explained the role of EI in various aspects of life (e.g social relations). The present study was carried out to assess the correlation between the emotional intelligence and accident among the motorcycle riders in Kashan (Isfahan, Iran).

Materials and Methods: The sampling was done using the convenience method from the   motorcycle riders referred to Beheshti Hospital in Kashan during 2014. Data were collected using two EI (demographic and Bar–on) questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U, Chi-square, independent t and the logistic regression for assessing the relationship between the emotional intelligence components and other variables with accident.

Results: The Mean EI and 9 subscales from the total 15 scales were significant between two groups. There was a significant difference between motorcycle riding with and without an accident in the Mean overall EI, so that the Mean was higher in motorcycle riders without an accident (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Our findings confirmed the important role of EI in extending the skills of emotional intelligence in the prevention of accidents and the importance of early prevention among the high risk groups. Moreover, the importance of the underlying educational programming for improving EI in such groups is considered a necessity.