History and Objectives: Due to importance of anemia and since little information is available on the first grade students in the city of Kashan the present study was carried out in 1997.

Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted on the first grade primary school students in the city of Kashan who had blood hemoglobin levels less than 11.5 g/dl, hematocrit lower than 34% and MCV lower than 80fL.

Results: In this study, from 4577 first grade primary school students, 1731 (37.8%) on the basis of hemoglobin values, 1031 individuals (22.7%) on the basis of hematocrit and 1638 individuals (35.8%) on the basis of MCV values were considered as anemic.

Conclusion: Due to high prevalence of anemia among the first grade primary school students, further study is needed to elucidate the causes and influencing factors and nutritional-educational programs are recommended.