History and Objectives: Due to the various incidence of malignancy of uterine cervix and lack of information about its status in this region and in order to define the cytopathology of uterine cervix, this research was performed on more than 3000 specimens of Pap smears in married women inhabitant of south of Tehran during the years 1376 and 1377.

Materials and Methods: The present study was performed by a cross sectional descriptive method and the sample volume was estimated on the basis of a 95% confidence interval, prevalence of 2% and error of 0.5%. Married women of Reye town were selected by systematic random sampling from the list. Pap smear were obtained by educated residents and gram stained type of lesion. Especially the frequency of dysplasia was evaluated in the samples and role of various factors in the production of lesions were determined.

Results: In 3070 specimens, which were evaluated, there was no case of cervical cancer. Dysplasia was found in 5%, inflammation in 92% and bleeding in 13% of the patients. Six percent of the specimens were normal. Increasing age and low economic status had role in the development of dysplasia (P<0.01). Other factors had no significant role in the development of lesions.

Conclusion: The frequency of dysplasia is low in the studied population but the frequency of inflammation is worrisome. Therefore further studies to recognize its etiologic cause or causes and also to define the ability of Pap smear to detect cervical cancer are recommended.