History and Objectives: Urolithiasis is a disease that has been known to human beings from 7000 year B.C. It affects all human beings regardless of age, sex and ethnic population. A urinary tract stones are believed to be common in Yazd province and there is a little information of the disease in the region.

Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was carried out on existing data on patient’s file admitted to the hospital with primary diagnosis of urinary tract stone formation. Information concerning sex, age, place of residence, occupation, past history of stone formation, type of stone and bacterial characterization of urine were recorded.

Results: From the total of 475 patients that were studied, 42 cases were omitted due to incomplete data. From 433 cases, 288 patients were male and 145 were female. Sex ratio was 2:1. Mean age of patients was 40.35±17.2 years. The mean age for male and female patients were 37.47±16.96 years and 46.13±17.69 years respectively. 58.2% of patients lived in urban and 40.4% in rural areas. The rate of referral for various seasons was 23-27%. Acute colic pain was the most prevalence clinical sign (96%). More than 75% of patients referred to the hospital between 12.00am to 6.00am. Urinary infection was detected in 44% of cases and E.coli was the most prominent type of bacterial infection. In 58% of cases, the location of stone was in the urinary tract.

Conclusion: Urinary stone formation starts at earlier age in the Yazd province. The prevalence of urolithiasis is more pronounced in female. Urinary tract infection along with urolithiasis requires further attention and research.