29 1029-7855 Kashan University of Medical Sciences 66 General The protective effect of lithium on the morphine induced apoptosis in PC12 cell line Nejati Majid Sahebgharani Mousa 1 1 2007 10 4 1 7 27 10 2008 Background: Opioids are powerful analgesics with widespread usage. Morphine induces apoptosis in many of cells such as neurons and immune cells. In this study the protective effect of lithium against apoptosis induced by morphine on PC12 cell line was investigated. Materials and Methods: We used MTT assay, annexin V-FITC test and real time RT-PCR to measure viability, apoptosis and gene expression, respectively. Different concentrations (0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 mmol/L) of morphine were used to induce apoptosis. Also, we incubated cells with 1.2 mmol/L lithium chloride for 72 hours and then added 0.8 and 1.6 mmol/L of morphine. Results: Our results indicate that morphine (0.8 and 1.6 mmol/L ) induces cell death after both 24 h and 12h exposure when using MTT test and annexin V test, respectively. The data obtained by real-time RT-PCR show that after 6 hours exposure to 0.8 (not 1.6) mmol/L of morphine, mRNA expression of Bax (a proapoptotic protein) and Bcl-2 (an antiapoptotic protein) increased and decreased, respectively. In the other part of experiment, pretreatment of PC12 cells by lithium chloride (1.2 mmol/L) for 72 hours decreased the mRNA expression of Bax which was elevated by morphine (0.8 and 1.6 mmol/L) . Interestingly, mRNA expression of Bcl-2 which was elevated by morphine (0.8 mmol/L) during 6 hours was increased by pretreatment of lithium 1.2 mmol/L . On the other hand, incubation of cells with 1.2 mmol/L lithium chloride for 72 hours did not alter the mRNA expression of Bax or Bcl-2 and had no toxic effect on the survival of PC12 cells . Conclusion: Pretreatment of lithium protects PC12 cells from morphine induced apoptosis. This effect can be related to Bax and Bcl-2 genes expression .
67 General Effect of garlic extract on gastric acid and pepsin secretion in rat Shahrani Mehrdad Rafieian Mahmoud Shirzad Heayatolah Hashemzadeh Morteza Yoosefi Hossein Khadivi Reza Amini Sayed Asadolah Moradi Mohammad taghi Mogadasi Jafar Rahmani Mohammad Reza 1 1 2007 10 4 8 13 27 10 2008 Background : Garlic (Allium sativum) is widely used as an additive in pickles around the world and particularly in Iran. Considering Garlic treatment function this study was conducted to survey the effect of this plant entrant on the secretion rate of acid and pepsin in the stomach. Materials and Methods: This study involves two groups of 12 rats (Control group and Garlic group). Animals were gone under anesthesia by nesdonal with 50 mg/kg IP and undertook surgical process, tracheotomy, laparatomy and gasteroadeodenostomy. Garlic extract 100 mg/kg was administered by gasterodeodenostomy canola. Tnyostric secretions, obtained in wash out way, 15 and 30 minutes after stress acid and pepsin were measured by Tetrameter and Anson aprooch, respectively. Results: The amount of acid in both bases was significantly increased in the garlic group compared to the control group (p<0.001). not significantly change was observed in pepsin secretion. The elevation of acid secretion had no significant relevance with sex. Conclusion: Garlic (Allium sativum) increases acid secretion when used in food regimen. 68 General Preventive effect of shoseiryuto on oleic acid induced hypoxemia in guinea pigs Golbidi Saeid Ebadi Sayed Ali Reza Mesdaghinia Azam 1 1 2007 10 4 14 18 27 10 2008 Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe and complicated lung inflammation. Intravenous injection of oleic acid has been accepted as a laboratory model for this disease. Shoseiryuto is a herbad compound, which is used for the treatment of several inflammatory diseases including asthma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible preventive effect of shoseiryuto on oleic acid-induced hypoxemia. Materials and methods: Suspension of shoseiryuto powder in water was used acutely (intraperitoneal injection) and chronically (oral) in four groups of guinea pigs (n=8). The animals were anesthetized by pentobarbital and after cataterization of axillary arteries and vein the possible preventive effect of shoseiryuto on oleic acid induced hypoxemia was evaluated. Results: Intravenous injection of oleic acid caused a significant decrease in PaO2, 6 and 10 minutes after injection (P<0.05). Acute and chronic administration of shoseiryuto powder showed a significant preventive effect on oleic acid induced hypoxemia (P<0.05). Conclusion: Shoseiryuto showed a significant effect in prevention of oleic acid induced hypoxemia. Based on the various properties of this herb, several different mechanisms can be proposed. 69 General A study of analgesic effect of aqueous extract of menthe spicata in rats Noureddini Mahdi Noureddin Mohammad Salami Mahmoud Mesdaghinia Azam Verdy Javad Salimiyan Morteza 1 1 2007 10 4 19 23 27 10 2008 Background: In this study, the analgesic effect of aqueous extract of spearmint, which has been used in traditional as an anaigesic anti-rheumatic, medicine was considered.Materials and Methods: 90 male rats, weighing 200-250 g, were in 10 groups. Aqueous extract of spearmint with different doses including. 0.9, 2.7, 6, 35 and 45 mg/Kg was injected divided. to the experimental animals. the positive control group received Aspirin with diffe the positive control group rent doses of 50, 100, and 300mg/Kg. Normal saline (1ml/Kg) was injected to the negative group. Hot plate method was used for evaluating The analgesic effect of the spearmint extracts and the drug were measured in periods of 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after injection. Results: The results showed that the extract at a doses of 2.7 and 6 mg/Kg has a significant analgesic effect with the highest analgesic effect by the letter. In addition, the results indicated that the 6 mg/Kg of menthe spicata extract was more effective than aspirin 300mg/Kg in the posi tire group. Conclusion: It seems that dose of the aqueous extract of spearmint has morked analgesic effect and can be considered as a herbal medicine in pain treatment in humen decrease in neuron permeability of Ca++. 70 General Hyaluronidase and phospholypase activity in the venom of Mesobuthus Epeus epeus Scorpion Kadkhodaei-Elyaderan Manizde Amozgari Zohre Hanifi Hossein 1 1 2007 10 4 24 30 27 10 2008 Background: The Scorpion Mesobuthus Eupeus belongs to the Buthidae family. It is one of the most abundant scorpions, present in Khuzestan which is responsible for about forty five percent of stinges in this area. The venom of scorpions is composed mainly of a variety of neurotoxins. These neurotoxins specifically interact with ionic channels of excitable cell. Because of the importance of scorpion in this geographic area and since there was not much work done on the enzyme activity on Mesobuthus eupeus eupeus, we decided to do fractionation of Mesobuthus Eupeus eupeus venom with gel filtration chromatography and to study enzyme activity in all collected fractions. Materials and Methods: In this study the venom of Mesobuthus Epeus epeus was prepared in lyophilized form.One gram of crude venom was dissolved in 10 ml distilled water and centrifuged for 12 minute in 18000xg. The supernatant containing protein was applied to the sephadex G-50 gel filtration column chromatography, equilibrated with 20 mM ammonium acetate pH 4.7 with flow rate of 30 ml/h. Eluant was collected in 3 ml fractions by fraction collector system. Six fractions were separated. Absorbance of eluants was measured continuously in 280 nm. All fractions were tested for protein content, phospholipase A2 and hyaluronidase activity. Results: In crude venom there was 816 mg protein. The activity of phospholipase A2 with indirect hemolysate in crude venom and all fractions showed that crude cvenom, Fraction I and Fraction II had 53.12, 76.30 and 2.43% hemolysis activity respectively. Hyaluronidase specific activity was 740 and 4574.5 TRU/mg (Turbidity Reducing Unit) in crude venom and in fraction I the fold of purification of hyaluronidase was 6.18 by gel filtration chromatography. Conclusion: It was found that phospholipase and hyaluronidase activities are present in Mesobuthus eupeus eupeus venom and both are separated in fraction I using gel filtration chromatography. 71 General Effect of fluvoxamine on concentration of testosterone, FSH, LH and histological changes in testis in adult male rat Mokhtari Mokhtar Shariatie Mehrdad Tavakoli Farnaz 1 1 2007 10 4 31 36 27 10 2008 Background: Fluvoxamine is a serotonin reuptake inhibitor,considering the importance of this drug in treating nervous disease such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, bulimia nervousa,panic disorders and depression, lts side effect on the endocrine axis are very importante. In the present research the effect of fluvoxamine on the concentrations of LH,FSH, testosterone and spermatogenesis was studied. Materials and Methods: The experiments were done on 50 male wistar rats. The control group received nothing while the sham groups were given 0.05ml of ethanol dissolved in 0.15 ml of distilled water. The experimental group was injected 15, 30, 60mg/kg of drug intraperitoneally for 14 days. Blood samples were taken at 14th day and concentrations of lutein hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone were measured by RIA method. In addition, at the 14th day the testis was separated and histological changes were studied among experimental, control and sham groups. The results were evaluated using ANOVA and Duncan test. Results: The results indicated that the concentration of testosterone significantly decreas at high doses of fluvoxamine in comparison to the control group. No significant change was observed in the concentration of LH and FSH in experimental groups. Spermatogenesis chain did not show significant difference in the experimental group compared with the control group. Conclusion: According to our findin's fluvoxamine may decreases the concentration of testosterone through lowering LH receptors in leydig cells. 72 General The effect of vitamin C supplementation on blood cholesterol level in high cholesterol-fed rats Khayat Nouri Mir Hadi Jafary Bilverdi Reza 1 1 2007 10 4 37 40 27 10 2008 Background: Hypercholesterolemia is one of the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. It affects general health and increases cardiovascular mortality rate. Diet with high cholesterol increases LDL that, inturn, decrease LDL receptors activity in liver. Oxidation of vessel wall lipoproteins increases development of atherosclerosis. Several evidences suggest that antioxidants consumption decreases hypercholesterolemia. This study evaluates the effect of vitamin C supplementation on blood cholesterol level in high cholesterol-fed rats. Materials & Methods: This work was done on 30 male Wistar rats with a mean weight of 250-300 gr. They were divided into 3 groups of ten. The animals were maintained under controlled conditions (i.e. temperature: 24 ± 2˚C, dark-light cycle: 12-12 hr) and with free alless to food and water. The basal diet included wheat, corn, soybean, methionine, lysine and mixtures of mineral and vitamins. The control group received only a basic diet. Two test groups received one percent cholesterol (Chol) and next group received vitamin C supplementation (200 mg/kg in dry matter of diet) for one month. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey multiple comparisons were used to analyze data. Results: Evaluation TC, LDL, HDL, VLDL and TG concentrations showed that the concentrations of TC, LDL, and TG (not HDL and VLDL) in Chol group were significantly greater than those in control group (p<0.05). In contrast to Chol group, vitamin C prevented LDL (p<0.05), TC (p<0.05), VLDL and TG elevation while increased HDL amount. Conclusion: Vitamin C supplementation prevented changes in LDL, TC, VLDL and TG of Vitamin C while it increased HDL amount. This effect may be related to antioxidant and inhibitory effects of vitamin C on lipoproteins synthesis pathway. 73 General Effect of repair time on radiographic and biomechanical characteristics of rabbit tibia in osteoperforated bone Yasrebi Meysam Esteki Ali Sharafi Ali Akbar Torkaman Giti Shadmehr Azade 1 1 2007 10 4 41 45 27 10 2008 Background: In this experimental study, the radiographic and biomechanical characteristics of osteoperforated rabbit tibia during bone repair period were investigated. Materials and Methods: Using dental drills, 2 mm holes were drilled at the mid-shaft of right tibia in 12 New Zealand white rabbits. The left tibia was intact and selected as the control. X-rays of the left and right tibias were taken right after surgery and then every two weeks up to six weeks. Radiographic densities of the medial, central and lateral sites of the holes were measured. Every two weeks from the surgery, four of the animals were sacrificed. Tibias were removed and ultimate loads, elongations at ultimate loads, and stiffness of both right and left bones were measured. Results: Results revealed that during repair process, radiographic density of the test leg at lateral and medial sites, in contrast to the control, changed significantly (p0.05). Radiographic density in the medial site of right tibia was significantly different (p0.05). Ultimate load, elongation at ultimate load, and stiffness were not significantly different from those of the control leg (p>0.05). Conclusion: Cancellus bone repairs faster than compact bone. Radiographic density characteristic was more sensitive to repair compared to mechanical characteristics.  74 General Adolescence health and friendships, a Qualitative study Parvizi Sarvar Ahmadi Fazlollah 1 1 2007 10 4 46 51 27 10 2008 Background : A adolescence is an important period of human development. Adolescents are more likely to participate in risky behaviors. Friendship play a unique role in adolescence and peers significantly influence on health. The goal of this study was to evaluate adolescents opinion about health and friendship. Materials and Methods: A content analysis study was conducted on 41 healthy adolescents which were purposefully selected and interviewed. All interviews were recorded and then transcribed. Results: Three main themes including: positive and negative peers’ effects, adolescents and opposite sex friendships, and adolescents and communicative skills were considered it seems that the adolescents need to be trained for their communicative skills as they will enable them to use positive effects of friendships and disregard its negative outcomes. Understanding adolescents’ perspectives is not only important but also useful for maintaining a healthy society. Conclusion: Therefore, families, teachers, health workers and policy makers should develop effective preventing and intervening programs based on adolescence developmental processes especially tending to peers. 75 General Evaluating the patients with osteoporotic neck femor bone fractures in Kashan AdibHajbaghery Mohsen Masoody Alavi Negin 1 1 2007 10 4 52 58 27 10 2008 Background: While research reports indicate that incidence of femoral neck fracture is high, there is no data related to its incidence in Iran. So a survey was conducted to identify the characteristics of patients with these fractures in Iran. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study conducted in a 3-year period. Hip X-Rays of all patients with femoral neck fracture were assessed by the Singh method to confirm osteoporosis. To rull out other illnesses like osteomalacia, measuring serum calcium, phosphorous and alkalin-phosphatase were considered. Information about sex, age, height, weight, previous and present job, smoking history, diet regimen, exercise and duration of daily walking in younghood until now, cause and side of fracture, history of hip fractures in patients and their parents, history of fall in previous months, kifosis, back pain, height loss, decrease of vision and history of diseases and surgeries were collected. Descriptive statistics were presented and the two sexes were compared using c 2 and t-test. Results: 114 patients were diagnosed as osteoporotic related fracture. 54.4% were female and 45.6% were male with the mean age of 72.52 ± 12.34 years. 22% were smokers and 16% used milk in their daily diet. Only 20% had regular exercise in younghood. Falling while walking and from low height (49.1% and 33.3%) were the most prevalent causes of fracture. 14% of males and 18% of females had the history of hip fracture in the other side. 12.9% of females and 5.8% of males had a history of femoral neck fracture in their mothers and 8.1% of females and 17.3% of males had a history of fracture in their fathers. Significant differences were found between both sexes for height and weight (p≤001), exercise (p≤0.004), walking in younghood (p≤0.03) and smoking (p≤0.001). Conclusion: Due to the high rate of femoral neck fractures and its consequences, it is necessary to carry out some preventive measures. So public education for altering lifestyle, diet regimen and regular exercise is important. 76 General Occupational exposure to blood in the stuff of educational-medical centers of Kashan University of Medical Sciences in 2005 Aghadoost Davoud Hajijafari Mohammad Tabatabaei Batool Ziloochi Mohamamd hossein Dalirian Abbas 1 1 2007 10 4 59 64 27 10 2008 Background : Having a potential risk for the transmission of blood-borne infections, occupational exposure to blood and body fluids has been considered as one of the essential occupational problems of health care workers for 50 years. The purpose of this study was to evaluate occupational exposure to blood in educational-medical centers affiliated to Kashan University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, medical students and staff from all 7 hospitals and emergency centers of Kashan were asked to fill out questionnaires containing relevant variables such as demographic information, years of experience, place and type of the work, history of different types of exposure to blood, place, time and cause of injuries, type of service and devices associated to injuries. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data. Results: Of 678 medical students and staff, who completed the questionnaires, 247 participants (36.4%) were male whose age and years of experience were 28.9 ± 7.6 and 9.2 ± 7.36, respectively. Ninety-four percent of participants and 100% of emergency nurses, operating room technicians, and laboratory technicians reported at least one episode of blood exposure in their professional life. Rates of blood exposure via needle stick and splash were 58.2% and 53.5% respectively. Higher rates of blood exposure were related to: injection (31.6% of all injuring procedures), needles used for injections (37.5% of all injuring devices), hands (97.2% of injured sites of the body), and day shift hours (61.9% of times of injuries). Conclusion: The high rates of occupational exposure to blood among target population of this study highlights the urgent need for interventions to enhance their occupational safety as well as to protect the community against transmission of blood-borne infections. Establishing reporting and recording systems, and educational programs targeting medical students and staff are recommended. 77 General Evaluation of shigellosis prevalence and antibiotic resistance in patients with acute diarrhea in Kashan, Iran Khorshdi Ahmad Akbari Hossein Salehi Afshin 1 1 2007 10 4 65 70 27 10 2008 Background: Diarrhea diseases are among health complications in the third world countries, and developing countries. since shigellosis has been recognized as a cause of diarrhea, specially in warm seasons, this study was conducted on specimens referred to the Central Laboratory of Kashan during 2000-2001 to evaluate antibiotic resistances. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study 734 patients referred to the Centeral Laboratory of Kashan during 2000-2001 were investigated. Demographic characteristics and stool specimens were studied for culturing and serotyping through a standard method. Then their antibiotic sensitivity was determined using to disk diffusion method, descriptive analysis. Results: 56 (7.6%) of the cultures were infectious. with as the most case were applied to the results. The most rate of antibiotic senitivity was ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, ceftizoxim (100%), nalidixic acid (96.4%) and the most antibiotic resistrance was against cephalotin (72.1%), co-trimaxazol (58.9%) and ampicillin (38.9%). Conclusion: S flexneri was the most common strain which is similar to the findings of others in the developing countries. Due to the low resistance of Shigella species to nalidixic acid, it is suggested as a first choice of treatment although all of the species were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin.