Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
20
4
2016
10
1
The protective effect of hydroalcoholic extract from rhizome of Zingiber officinale L. on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury in male rat
297
305
FA
Naser
Mirazi
Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, I. R. Iran.
Zohreh
Karami
Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, I. R. Iran.
Background: Chemical toxins are among the leading causes of liver disorders, inflammation and necrosis in hepatocytes. The aim of this study was to evaluate of protective effect of hydroalcoholic extract from rhizome of Zingiber officinale L. (HEZ) on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury in male rat.
Material and Methods: In this experimental studymale Wistar rats (n=35, body weight 230-250 g) were divided randomly in 5 equal groups: Control (Saline, 0.5 ml/day); Sham (Olive oil, 0.5 ml/day); Carbon tetrachloride (in a ratio of 1:1 with Olive oil, 2ml/kg single dose); Treatment groups 1&2 (Carbon tetrachloride in a ratio of 1:1 with Olive oil, 2ml/kg single dose and HEZ in doses of 300 mg/Kg and 600 mg/Kg ZHE/day respectively for 4 consecutive days). All injections were done intra-peritoneally. After the end of examination the blood samples were directly collected from heart and liver enzymes were analyzed. After the collection of liver tissue for H&E staining the microscopic studies were done.
Results: Carbone tetrachloride caused inflammation and necrosis in rat hepatocytes. The HEZ-treated groups showed a milder inflammation compared to Control group (P<0.01).Serum levels of ALT, AST, and ALP increased significantly in CCl4-treated group compared to the control group (P<0.001). The liver enzymes were significantly decreased in HEZ-treated groups (P<0.01).
Conclusion: The HEZ can protect liver tissue against the carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity.
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
20
4
2016
10
1
The protective effect of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seed powder on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in male rats
306
314
FA
Aghileh
Mohammadzadeh
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, I. R. Iran.
Ali
Gol
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, I. R. Iran.
Abdoreza
Javadi
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I. R. Iran.
Background: Acetaminophen overdose is the most prevalent cause of drug-induced liver injury. Many traditional treatments are recommended as the complementary and alternative options for treating various diseases. In this study the effect of fenugreek seed powder on the acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity is investigated.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, male Wistar rats (no=24, weight 250-280 g) were divided into four groups: Control (C), Fenugreek seed powder (T); Acetaminophen (A); and Acetaminophen+Fenugreek seed powder (A+T). After 24 h of fasting, A and A+T groups received Acetaminophen 1000 mg/kg by gavage, and the other two groups received Saline. After six hours, C and A groups received Saline, whereas T and A+T groups received Fenugreek seed powder 1000 mg/kg via gavage. Twelve hours after the second gavage, the rats were sacrificed and the liver tissue was fixed with formalin and assessed. Results were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey post-test.
Results: Serum ALT and AST levels were significantly increased in group A compared to C (P<0.001 and 0.01, respectively). In addition, Acetaminophen resulted in liver tissue injury (necrosis, apoptosis, bleeding, and hyperemia). Treatment with fenugreek reversed the changes toward normal.
Conclusion: Fenugreek can have protective effects on hepatic injury induced by Acetaminophen.
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
20
4
2016
10
1
Effect of aqueous extract of Lavandula angustifolia on LTP induction in a rat model of Alzheimer disease
315
322
FA
Masoud
Soheili
Student Research Committee, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I. R. Iran.
Mostafa
Rezaei Tavirani
Proteomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I. R. Iran.
Mahmoud
Salami
Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I. R. Iran.
Bachground: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with deficits in synaptic plasticity. Long-term potentiation (LTP) is an experimental method for synaptic plasticity assessment. This study evaluated the effect of aqueous extract of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) on induction of LTP in the CA1 region of hippocampus.
Materials and Methods: The animals were divided in 3 groups: Control animals receiving distilled water (CO), Alzheimer group receiving distilled water (AD); Alzheimer group receiving lavender extract (A+EXT). The electrophysiological recordings were carried out in 3 groups of rats. The baseline or tetanized extracellular postsynaptic field potentials (fEPSPs) were recorded in response to the stimulation of Schaffer collaterals.
Results: The data showed no effect of the extract on the baseline responses in all groups. While the recorded fEPSPs in the CO showed a substantial LTP, no potentiation was seen in the AD group. Administration of the aqueous extract of lavender effectively restored the LTP in A+EXT group.
Conclusion: In line with our previous reports, this study showed the positive effect of lavender extract on the induction of LTP in a rat model of Alzheimer disease.
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
20
4
2016
10
1
Comparing buspirone effect with the extract of borage (Echium amoneum L) flower on learning in adult male rats
323
330
FA
Zeynab
Javid
Department of Physiology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, I. R. Iran.
Seyyed Ebrahim
Hoseini
Department of Psychology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, I. R. Iran.
Background: Learning as one of the higher functions of the brain is affected by several factors. Anxiety disorders are among the factors result in learning disorders. Considering the side-effects of anxiolytics, this study aimed to compare the effects of buspirone with borage flower extract on learning in adult male rats.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, adult male rats (no=40) were divided into 5 groups: Control, Sham and 3 Experimental groups (Buspirone 5 mg /kg, Borage extracts 150 mg/kg and Buspirone+extract). All injections were carried out intraperitoneally for 14 days. Conditioned Place Preference was used to assess the learning.
Results: The results of Extract group showed a significant improvement after 7 days of drug injection (P≥0.05). In addition, a significant improvement was observed in Buspirone, Extract and Buspirone + Extract groups 14 days after drug injection.
Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the buspirone and the borage augment the learning in rats.
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
20
4
2016
10
1
Comparing the antifungal effects of gold and silver nanoparticles isolated from patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis in-vitro
331
339
FA
Ladan
Rahimzadeh-Torabi
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Science, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, I. R. Iran.
Monir
Doudi
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Science, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, I. R. Iran.
Noshin
Naghsh
Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, I. R. Iran.
Zeynab
Golshani
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Science, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, I. R. Iran.
Background: In recent years the emergence of resistance to opportunistic fungi (e.g. Candida albicans) has dramatically increased worldwide. The toxicity of antibacterial drugs and the occurrence of resistance to fungi and the resultant drug interactions make it necessary to assess new drugs. The aim of this study was to compare the antifungal effects of gold and silver nanoparticles on patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis.
Materials and Methods: In order to identify the samples, the conventional mycological methods (morphology on corn meal/chrome agar and germ tube production) were utilized. To evaluate the antifungal effects of spherical silver and gold nanoparticles the diameter of inhibitory zone was measured using disk diffusion method. In addition, the minimum fungicidal concentration (MIC) and Minimum inhibitory concentration (MFC) of samples were determined by microdilution method.
Results: Among the total identified isolates of Candida albicans (C. albicans), 58 samples were inhibited using spherical silver and gold nanoparticles with 10 nm diameter. The inhibitory zone diameter was between 0-19 mm. The MIC and MFC for silver and gold nanoparticles were 21.31±11.40; 32.15±25.77 ppm and 16.68±9.37; 7.93±4.72 ppm, respectively.
Conclusion: The results of the present investigation showed that spherical gold and silver nanoparticles with 10 nm diameter have some antifungal effects against the Candida albicans. Probably in future the silver and gold nanoparticles have the potential of treating the vulvovaginal candidiasis.
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
20
4
2016
10
1
Comparing the effects of nicotinic acid and carbonate lanthanum on hyperphosphatemia in the hemodialysis patients: A double-blind clinical trial
340
346
FA
Monireh
Amerian
Department of Nephrology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahroud University of Medical Science, Shahroud, I. R. Iran.
Mohammad Bagher
Sohrabi
General Practitioner, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, I. R. Iran.
Poneh
Zolfaghari
General Practitioner, Vice-chancellery of Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, I. R. Iran.
Mohammad
Sadeghi
BS.c of Nursing, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahroud University of Medical Science, Shahroud, I. R. Iran.
Elaheh
Yahyaei
BS.c of Management, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahroud University of Medical Science, Shahroud, I. R. Iran.
Mahmoud
Zangeneh
BS.c of Nursing, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahroud University of Medical Science, Shahroud, I. R. Iran.
Background: Control of the phosphorus in hemodialysis patients is very important and can be done in many ways. The purpose of the study was to compare the effects of Nicotinic acid and Lanthanum carbonate on hyperphosphatemia in the hemodialysis patients.
Materials and Methods: This double-blind randomized clinical trial was done in Imam Hossein hospital (Shahroud, Iran) in 2014. The participants (n=60) were divided into two groups: Control (Lanthanum carbonate) and Intervention group (Nicotinic acid). The tapering doses of Nicotinic acid and lanthanum carbonate were completed monthly in three steps from 200 to 600 mg and from 250 to 750 mg, respectively. Serum phosphorus and calcium were measured in both groups and the results were compared using the paired t-test and ANOVA.
Results: The comparison of Mean for age in Intervention (51.5±21.3 years) and Control groups (50.7±22.5 years) showed no significant differences. Comparing the phosphors level before the intervention in Intervention (6.67±1.37 mg/dl) and Control group (6.69±0.28 mg/dl) showed no significant difference. Nicotinic acid significantly decreased the blood phosphorus level (P<0.001) in a dose-dependent manner.
Conclusion: Similar to Lanthanum carbonate, Nicotinic acid can decrease the serum phosphorous level. However, for determining the most effective dose of the Nicotinic acid, more studies are required.
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
20
4
2016
10
1
Evaluating the effectiveness of Pistacia atlantica in the improvement of diabetic foot
347
351
FA
Mohammad Reza
Nikbakht
Department of Pharmacology, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, I. R. Iran.
Zahra
Soleimani
Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I. R. Iran.
Seyyed Alireza
Moravveji
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I. R. Iran.
Kamal
Esalatmanesh
Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I. R. Iran.
Bachground: Diabetic foot is the most common complication of hospitalization in diabetic patients. The use of herbal products for the relief of diabetic foot in developing countries have acquired considerable acceptance. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Pistacia atlantica (local name “Bane”) for the treatment of diabetic foot.
Materials and Methods: This double-blind randomized clinical trial study was conducted on patients (n=60) with diabetic foot in Beheshti hospital (Kashan, Iran) during 1388-1394. The participants were divided into two equal Intervention and Control groups. The wound dressing in Control and Intervention groups were done using the placebo and “Bane” ointment. Both groups were underwent the conventional (bandages and antibiotic) therapy. Afterwards, the wound characteristics and the duration of wound recovery were assessed in both groups.
Result: The Mean for hospital stay and recovery in intervention (13.8 compared to 33.7 days, respectively) and control groups (22.7 compared to 44.6 days, respectively) was statistically significant (P<0.05). After discharge from hospital, the redness and wound discharge in the Control group was significantly lower than the control group.
Conclusion: The “Bane” extract inhibits the growth of some groups of bacteria in diabetic foot ulcers and hence reduces the recovery time and hospital stay.
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
20
4
2016
10
1
Comparing the effects of intense sprint and combined aerobic-strength training on serum adiponectin level and insulin resistance among the women with type 2 diabetes
352
360
FA
Bahram
Abedi
Department of Physical Education, Mahallat Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahallat, I. R. Iran.
Elham
Okhovat
Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Mahallat Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahallat, I. R. Iran.
Ebrahim
Banitalebi
Department of Sports Sciences, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, I. R. Iran.
Background: Regular physical exercise is a well-established therapeutic option to prevent the diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of intense interval training (SIT (and combined aerobic-strength training on serum adiponectin level and insulin resistance in women with type 2 diabetes.
Materials and Methods: Female patients with type 2 diabetic (n=52, age: 45-60 years, BMI=25-30 kg/m2 and FBS≥126 mg/dl) were assessed for eligibility. Participants were assigned to SIT group (N=17(, Combined training group (N=17 (and Control group (N=18 ( according to their HbA1c levels. The exercises were included 8 weeks of combined (resistance plus aerobic (training and SIT. The FBS, serum insulin and adiponectin levels were also measured.
Results: There were a significant difference between the pre-/post-test in serum adiponectin in SIT group )P=0.01(. However, there was no significant difference between the pre-/post- test in serum adiponectin level in Combined training group (P=0.939(. The insulin resistance in SIT and the Combined training groups were significantly reduced after the exercise program (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). Differences for the FBS was significant in the SIT group (P<0.001(. The results of the comparison between groups showed a significant difference between the training groups in the adiponectin level (P=0.037(. and insulin resistance (P=0.008(.
Conclusions: Training exercise, independent of the type and method, can have positive effects on insulin resistance and serum adiponectin level in women with typeII two diabetes.
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
20
4
2016
10
1
Effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction on perceived stress and blood pressure among the hypertensive women
361
368
FA
Elaheh
Khosravi
Department of Psychology, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, I. R. Iran.
Maryam
Ghorbani
Department of Psychology, Payam Noor University, Tehran, I. R. Iran.
Background: High blood pressure or hypertention is known as a silent death. Due to the effect of psychological factors on hypertention, the need for non-pharmacological approaches are felt in the treatment process. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on perceived stress and blood pressure in patients with hypertension.
Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, among all hypertensive patients referred to the Dr.Torkan clinic (Isfahan, ran) a number of 30 patients were selected using convince sampling and were randomly divided into equal Control and Experimental groups. The intervention was consisted of 8 sessions for mindfulness-based stress reduction once a week. All participants completed the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (Cohen, 1983) as pre-test and post-test and their blood pressures were measured.
Results: The results showed that after 8 MBSR sessions, the positive and negative perception of stress in the experimental groups were significantly increased and decreased, respectively (P<0.05). In addition, changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressures were also significant (P<0.05).
Conclusion: In summary, the MBSR can improve the psychological factors contributing in hypertention and as a complementary option to medication it can reduce the high blood pressure in patients.
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
20
4
2016
10
1
The synergistic activity of various antibiotics against multidrug-resistance acinetobacter baumannii isolates using the disk diffusion method
369
375
FA
Nahid
Madadi-Goli
Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I. R. Iran.
Rezvan
Moniri
Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I. R. Iran.
Sareh
Bagheri-Josheghani
Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I. R. Iran.
Bachground: Acinetobacter baumannii as an opportunistic gram-negative bacterium is the leading cause of nosocomial infections, especially in patients admitted to intensive care units. Given the increment of resistance to multidrug-resistant A. baumannii isolates and the lack of suitable treatment options, the needs for investigating new drugs or combinations of drugs are felt. The aim of this study was to determine the synergistic effects of Vancomycin in combination with Tigecycline, Levofloxacine, Gentamycin, Colistin and Meropenem and the combination of Colistin with Meropenem and Rifampin against the infections caused by multidrug-resistance A. baumanni isolates.
Material and Methods: This experimental study was done on multi-drug A. baumannii isolates (n=10) from blood cultures, tracheal tube samples, sputum and the urine of patients hospitalized in the Beheshti Hospital between June 2014 and June 2015. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method according to CLSI standards. synergy testing was done by disk diffusion method.
Results: On combining the Vancomycin with Tigecycline Levofloxacine, Gentamycin, Colistin and Meropenem, no synergy was detected. The combination of Colistin/Meropenem and Colistin/Rifampin were indifferent with no synergistic effect.
Conclusion: The combination of other antibiotics could be considered as an alternative antibiotic treatment for multi-drug A. baumannii isolates. Due to the smaller sample size in our study, for taking better results the future studies should focus on well-designed in vitro models on a large scale.
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
20
4
2016
10
1
Molecular identification of virulence genes in clinical Salmonella typhimurium strains using the multiplex- PCR method and their antibiotic resistance profile
376
382
FA
Mohammad
Arjmand-Asl
Department of Microbiology, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, I. R. Iran.
Kumarss
Amini
Department of Microbiology, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, I. R. Iran.
Background: Salmonella as an enteric, gram negative, facultative anaerobic, obligate parasite causes food poisoning in human. The aim of present study was to identify the virulence genes stn, sopB, slyA, spvc and Phop/Q in Salmonella typhimurium strains isolated from clinical specimens using multiplex PCR method and also the determination of their antibiotic resistance profile.
Material and methods: In this cross-sectional study during a 12 month period (April to March 2015) a total of 60 Salmonella typhimurium isolates were collected from Shariati hospital (Tehran, Iran). After the identification of strains, the antimicrobial susceptibility test was done using the disk diffusion agar test on Müller-Hinton agar media according to the Clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) guidelines. Then the presence of virulence genes (e.g. stn, sopB, slyA, spvc and Phop/Q ) were identified using multiplex PCR method.
Results: These findings obtained from isolates showed the highest sensitivity to the Imipenem, Gentamicin, and Trimethoprim antibiotics . Distribution analysis of virulence for genes slyA, stn, sopb, Phop/Q showed the frequency of 23.3%, 30%, 3.33%5 and 43.3%, respectively. The spvC gene is not seen in any isolates.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the prevalence of virulence genes in clinical Salmonella Typhimurium isolates can serve as an alarm for the prevalence of these genes to the other Salmonella serotypes. As the Salmonella virulence genes are located on the Salmonella pathogenicity islands, so the high prevalence of these genes can help to the dissemination of islands among the Salmonella strains.
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
20
4
2016
10
1
The discriminative role of emotion regulation and impulsivity in different unhealthy eating patterns
383
390
FA
Mohsen
Kachooei
Department of Clinical Psychology, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, I. R. Iran.
Alireza
Moradi
Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, Kharazmi University, Tehran, I. R. Iran.
Ameneh Sadat
Kazemi
Department of Clinical Psychology, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, I. R. Iran.
Zeynab
Ghanbari
M.Sc. Student of Psychology, Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, Kharazmi University, Tehran, I. R. Iran.
Background: Apart from important role of unhealthy eating patterns on eating-related problems (i.e. obesity and eating disorders), the underlying processes of such eating patterns are not fully understood. This study aimed to examine the role of emotion regulation and impulsivity in unhealthy eating patterns.
Materials and Methods: In this study which was carried out with a correlation method, the adult female (no=347) from Tehran completed the self-reported inventories. Dutch eating behavior questionnaire (DEBQ), difficulties in emotion regulation scale (DERS), and Barratt impulsivity scale (BIS-11) were used as measuring tools. Data was analyzed using Pearson correlational analysis and multiple regression analysis.
Results: The relationship between restrained eating and emotion regulation was significant (P<0.01). Emotion regulation predicted the engagement in restrained eating. There were a significant relationship between emotional eating and emotion regulation (P<0.01) and impulsivity (P<0.01). Emotion regulation and impulsivity predicted the engagement in emotional eating. In addition, the relationship between external eating and emotion regulation was significant (P<0.05). Emotion regulation can predict the engagement in external eating.
Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of emotion regulation as a key risk factor in unhealthy eating patterns. Moreover, the restrictive eating patterns and binge eating patterns differ each other in terms of impulsivity. Treatment interventions must address the emotion regulation and include the strategies to cope with impulsivity.
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
20
4
2016
10
1
The association between attention deficiency and hyperactivity among the asthmatic children in Kashan
391
396
FA
Fatemeh Sadat
Ghoreishi
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I. R. Iran.
Marzyeh
Heidarzadeh-Arani
Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I. R. Iran.
Seyyed Alireza
Moravveji
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I. R. Iran.
Reyhaneh Sadat
Sharif
Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I. R. Iran.
Background: Asthma is among the most common chronic childhood disease. The recent studies suggest that some school and behavioral problems manifesting the hyperactivity symptoms are caused by asthma and its related treatment. While other studies show no association between these factors. Therefore, this study was carried out to determine the comorbidity of attention deficiency and hyperactivity among the asthmatic children in Kashan during 2013.
Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, the asthmatic children (n=89) referring to the Asthma and Allergy Clinic in Kashan were selected based on purposive sampling method as the Case group and age/sex-matched healthy children (n=117) were randomly selected as Control group. The spirometry and pick flowmetry tests were used for the diagnosis of asthma. The DSM-IV criteria were also used for the diagnosis of attention deficiency associated with hyperactivity.
Results: The comorbidity of attention deficiency and hyperactivity among the asthmatic children was 5 times more than the Control (P=0.001) (OR: 5.67, CI: 2.66-12.08). In this study no significant relation was seen between the attention deficiency associated with hyperactivity and the severity of asthma and also the sex (P=0.624 and P=0.06, respectively).
Conclusion: Asthma probably increase the risk of attention deficiency associated with hyperactivity. Therefore the diagnosis and treatment of behavioral disorders in asthmatic children is considered important.