@article{ author = {Afzali, Hasan and Vali, Gholam Reza and Kayhani, Abdolhossein and KhalifeSoltani, Sayed Ahmad and PourKhoshbakht, Yousof}, title = {Comparative study of the effect of intradermal and intramuscular Hepatitis B vaccine injection}, abstract ={History and Objectives: Due to hepatitis B prevalence and complications resulting from the infection and the fact that prevention of the disease through vaccination has prime importance and because of reported discrepancy concerning the effectiveness of intradermal vaccination of hepatitis B, this study was conduced to compare the effectiveness of intradermal and intermuscular injection of the hepatitis B vaccine among female high school students of Kashan in 1996-1997. Materials and Methods: In a clinical double-blind randomized trial on 200 students, HBsAg and HBSAb were measured by ELISA method before vaccination and positive cases were eliminated. Hundred and ninety students were randomly divided into two groups based on age and high school grade. In the experimental group, 0.1 ml of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (Herber Biotech S.A Cuba) was injected by health center technicians intradermally at the three intervals of 0, 1 and 6 months in the flexor surface of forearm intradermally. In the control group, 1ml of the same vaccine with the same time intervals was injected intermuscularly by the same health technicians at the same deltoid region. Three weeks after the last injection, the effect of the vaccination was assessed by ELISA method by laboratory technicians who were unaware of the student group designations. Statistical Fischer test was conducted. Results: The prevalence of HBsAg and HBSAb in population was 4.5 and 0.5% respectively. Experimental and control groups were matched on the basis of age and high school grade. The control group displayed 97.6% positive response, 1.2% weak positive response and 1.2% negative response, whereas the experimental group displayed 93.7%, 2.1% and 4.2% respectively. The differences were statistically significant. Conclusion: It seems that due to a very small difference in the effectiveness of 2 methods and low cost of vaccination of intradermal injection, a larger size clinical trial is recommended. A study on the effectiveness of the time intervals for vaccination is also recommended.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {1-9}, publisher = {Kashan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-609-en.html}, eprint = {http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-609-en.PDF}, journal = {Feyz Medical Sciences Journal}, issn = {1029-7855}, eissn = {2008-9821}, year = {1997} } @article{ author = {Zare, Mohammad and Khorshidi, Ahmad and Mosavi, Sayed Gholam Abbas}, title = {Anterior chamber culture of patients undergoing Cataract surgery, 1996-97}, abstract ={History and Objectives: Cataract surgery is one of the most common surgical methods performed on the eye. Endophthalmitis is one of the complications of the eye, which may have serious adverse effect on the patients. In order to address this issue, epidemiologic analysis of microorganisms most prevalent in the anterior chamber fluid among patients undergoing cataract surgery in Matini hospital was investigated in 1996 and 1997. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study on 86 individuals was performed. After sterilization, cataract surgery was performed and after the placement of the lens (ECCE+PCIOL) in the anterior chamber, 0.1mL of the anterior chamber fluid was taken and blood agar and anaerobic thioglyculate plates were inoculated. The extent of infection and confidence interval for the population was obtained. Demographic characteristics of the patients were recorded. Results: 7% (6 cases) of patients and in the population as whole (CI=12.3 up to 1.6) had microbial growth in their anterior chamber fluid. Staphylococcus coagulase negative was prevalent in men (5.4%) and women (8.2%). Endophthalmitis was not present despite of microbial growth. Conclusion: 7% of patients had infection which the great majority of them were in their 70-90. Older patients had higher colony count around the eyelash and conjunctiva. This may contribute to increased rate of infection of the anterior chamber infection during the cataract surgery.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {11-18}, publisher = {Kashan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-610-en.html}, eprint = {http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-610-en.PDF}, journal = {Feyz Medical Sciences Journal}, issn = {1029-7855}, eissn = {2008-9821}, year = {1997} } @article{ author = {Razi, Ebrahim and Ansarin, Khalil}, title = {Arterial Oxygen saturation (SPO2) during bronchoscopy among patients referred to Tabriz Immam Khomaini Hospital, 1994}, abstract ={History and Objectives: Since arterial Oxygen saturation variations during diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, i.e. bronchoscopy and reported discrepancies on the prevalence of such condition and in order to determine the arterial Oxygen saturation (SPo2) during the passage of the bronchoscope through different part of the respiratory tract, the present investigation was undertaken on individuals referred to the out-patient clinic or hospitalized at the Imam Khomeini hospital of Tabriz (1994). Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted on 200 bronchoscopy candidates. Information pertaining to the personal data age, sex, major complaint, type of cardiac complication was recorded. At various stages of bronchoscopy (Before and after Oxygen administration, during Xylocaine treatment of the vocal cords, passage of the bronchoscope from the main body of the right and left bronchus, during washing and biopsy of the bronchus, during coughing and at the end of coughing), reduction of Oxygen saturation (More than 5%) was taken as the fall of the arterial Oxygen saturation. Results: From 200 cases studied, 79 patients (39.5%) displayed fall of SPo2. 31 patients (15.5%) showed a fall of more than 10%. Total of 165 SPo2 falls were recorded during various stages of bronchoscopy. Falls were especially significant during later stages of bronchoscopy and during the washing stage, the passage of the bronchoscope through the main body of right principle bronchus and during biopsy. Correlation between atelectasis and fall of SPo2 was 0.24 and between cigarette smoking and fall of SPo2 was 17% and between occurrence of arrhythmia and fall of SPo2 was 0.25. Conclusion: Since the fall of SPo2 is quite frequent during bronchoscopy, administration of the Oxygen before bronchoscopy and monitoring of the arterial Oxygen saturation by pulse oximeter during bronchoscopy is highly recommended. Further analytical investigation to the role of atelectasis and cigarette smoking on the fall of SPo2 is recommended and more experimental analysis in this subject is recommended.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {19-27}, publisher = {Kashan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-611-en.html}, eprint = {http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-611-en.PDF}, journal = {Feyz Medical Sciences Journal}, issn = {1029-7855}, eissn = {2008-9821}, year = {1997} } @article{ author = {Arbabi, Mohsen and Talari, Safar Ali and Asmar, Mahdi}, title = {Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasmosis in Kashan, 1993}, abstract ={History and Objectives: The prevalence of the toxoplasmosis in Iran is varied. Due to morbidity of toxoplasmosis the distribution of the diseases was investigated in urban as well as rural regions of Kashan in 1993. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study covering 14 rural and 5 urban health centers including 2080 individuals (Age 2-70) was conducted. In accordance with the population of rural and urban regions random samples were taken. A questionnaire was filled and 5mL venous blood sample was collected from every individuals. In additions of 1/20 and 1/100 the presence of antibody was assessed by IFA. Positive samples for titers of greater than 1/100 were tested further for higher dilution. 1/20 dilution was taken the basis infection and 1/400 titer was significant. Confidence interval for the prevalence of the disease was taken with 95% probability. Results: Incidence of the toxoplasmosis was 50.8% in studied regions (CI=48.7±53). The prevalence for the urban regions was 47.6% (CI=44.8±50.4) and rural areas was 55.2% (CI=52.0±58.4). Antibody titer for 264 (12.7%) was higher than 1/400. the rate of infection were proportional with the age of the individuals. Conclusion: This study pointed to the fact that the prevalence of the disease was high in the regions investigated. Therefore urgent attention ought to be paid to the spread of the disease and especially to individuals of higher age. It is suggested that further research should be conducted into the prevalence of the disease and the source of disease transmission and at risk individuals.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {29-37}, publisher = {Kashan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-612-en.html}, eprint = {http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-612-en.PDF}, journal = {Feyz Medical Sciences Journal}, issn = {1029-7855}, eissn = {2008-9821}, year = {1997} } @article{ author = {Bagheri, Abbas and Zare, Mohammad and Khaksar, Mojtab}, title = {Epidemiologic study of vernal conjunctivitis (Spring conjunctivitis) in Kashan, 1995}, abstract ={History and Objectives: Due to lack of persistant epidemiologic and clinical symptoms of vernal conjunctivitis and in order to specify sign and symptoms and the prevalence of the disease, patients referred to the Kashan outpatient clinic during 1995 were examined. Since Kashan is considered to have a tropical climate, the result from the present investigation was compared with a study previously performed in a cold region of Tabriz (1990). Materials and Methods: A descriptive study on patients complaining from allergic conjunctivitis attributed to sensitivity to pollens from blooming vegetations was conducted. Allergic vernal conjunctivitis was diagnosed based on the clinical examination of eye and other symptoms such as giant papia of eyelid and or papia surrounding limbus with trantus spots were selected and smears were prepared for Giemsa staining. Presence of eosinophils would confirm the diagnosis. Patients’ profile, major complaint, duration of the disease, possible other allergic sign, family history and positive sign and symptoms such as trantus spots and itching were recorded. Results: From 13987 individuals referred to the clinic, 301 (2.2%) were suffering from vernal conjunctivitis (CI%=0.5±3.8). 202 of the patients (67.1%) were male and the rest were females. Mean age was recorded as 11.5±3.5 and intervals were from ten days to 65 years. 47.2% had limbal, 12% palpebral and the rest had mixture of both complications. 53% of patients displayed allergic reaction in spring, 39% in summer and 8% in fall or winter. Corneal complications were observed in 12.6% of patients and its intensity and prevalence increased with the length of the illness. 12.6% of patients showed unilateral vernal conjunctivitis of which 84% limbal complication was observed. Familial allergic history was recorded in 42% of patients and 49% had other atypical histories. Conclusion: Limbal form of the disease is more wide spread in tropical regions whereas palpebral form is more prevalent in colder regions. Onset of Limbal form is at younger age, its allergic potency is less severe and duration is more limited. Whereas the onset of palpebral form is rather at old age. It is also bilateral and more severe in its intensity. In tropical region, patients attend the clinic in spring and in cold region in summer.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {39-52}, publisher = {Kashan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-613-en.html}, eprint = {http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-613-en.PDF}, journal = {Feyz Medical Sciences Journal}, issn = {1029-7855}, eissn = {2008-9821}, year = {1997} } @article{ author = {Doroudgar, Abbas and Javadian, Ezatoddin and Dehghani, Rohollah and Hoshyar, Hossein and Saiyah, Mansour}, title = {Leishmanial infection among rodents in Kashan, 1995}, abstract ={History and Objectives: Due to augmented spread of visceral Leishmaniasis in Kashan and reported cases of Leishmaniasis in rodents, an epidemiological investigation of Leishmanial infection in rodents was conducted in the desert region of Kashan in 1995. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was carried out on wild rodents caught alive in the region. Tissue samples were taken from animal’s ear and slides were prepared for staining. Slides were studied for Leishmanial infection. In order to extrapolate the prevalence rate among rodent population, statistical method of confidence interval was performed. Results: From 376 traps, 121 small rodents belonging to six various species were caught. The majority of which classified as Rhombomys opimus 60.3% (73) and Meriones libycus 33.9% (41). Small number of other species belonging to Meriones vingradovi (4), Gerbillus nanusa (1) Gerbillus chesmane (1) and Rattus rattus (1) were caught. Leishmanial infection were only detected in R.opimus species. Samples taken from one ear or both from 23 R.opimus (31.5%) were infected. Minimal and maximal rate infection among Rhombomya were 20.8% and 42.1% respectively. Conclusion: In light of high incidence of Leishmanial infection among R.opimus, more research ought to be conducted and control measures should be taken to limit the reinfection of visceral Leishmaniasis from rodent to human.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {53-59}, publisher = {Kashan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-614-en.html}, eprint = {http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-614-en.PDF}, journal = {Feyz Medical Sciences Journal}, issn = {1029-7855}, eissn = {2008-9821}, year = {1997} } @article{ author = {Talari, Safar Ali and Dorodgar, Abbas and Ouzougi, Jav}, title = {In vitro effect of various concentrations of Hedera Helix extract and Glucantime on visceral Leishmaniosis}, abstract ={History and Objectives: Visceral Leishmania outbreak and its resistance to synthetic drug have led to the in vitro analysis of various concentrations of glucantime and Hedera helix plant extract on Leishmania infantum promastigote. Materials and Methods: An experimental investigation was conducted on 210000 L.infantum promastigotes (MHOM/SI/68/ER.L1, WHO confirmed samples), glucontime (Specia, France) and H.helix (Obtained from Isfahan Bureau of Animal Husbandry and Natural Resources). In fourteen rows of 10 culture tubes containing specific culture media for L.infantum (N.N.N), 1500 L.infantum were inoculated. In 6 rows of 10 tubes various concentrations of the glucantime (100, 50, 25, 10, 5, 1 mg/ml) and in 6 series of 10 tubes similar concentration of H.helix cell extract and in 2 series of 10 tubes, saline solution (As control) was applied. All tubes were incubated at 26°C and samples were taken every day for total 10 day. Samples were transferred to Neubar microscopic slide and the number of the live parasites was recorded. Results: Live parasites were present in all control tubes, however the percentage of live parasites and duration of their existence were variable in various concentration of glucantime. At 50 mg/ml concentration of glucantime after one day, only 2.5% of cell were killed whereas at 25 mg/ml of H.helix extract, all cells were killed. At similar concentrations, H.helix extract had significantly higher rate of antiparasitic activity (P<0.05). Conclusion: In high of effective antiparasitic activity of the H.helix extract in vitro studies compared to glucantime on visceral Leishmaniosis and because of possible side effects of the synthetic drugs, it is recommended that therapeutically potent fraction of the H.helix ought to be separated and prepared for animal clinical trial. Human clinical trails may be considered if persistent animal studies pointed to the effectivity and absence of the adverse side effects.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {61-67}, publisher = {Kashan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-615-en.html}, eprint = {http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-615-en.PDF}, journal = {Feyz Medical Sciences Journal}, issn = {1029-7855}, eissn = {2008-9821}, year = {1997} } @article{ author = {Vakili, Zarichehr and Talari, Safar Ali and Moniri, Rezvan and Ershadi, Ahmad and Ghazanfari, Kazem}, title = {Effect of Glucantime on hepatic enzymes and renal function test among patients suffering from visceral Leishmaniosis}, abstract ={History and Objectives: Due to the prevalence of the disease in Kashan and the fact that the treatment by glucantime as a therapeutic agent is elective, this study was conducted to evaluate the side effects of the glucantime on liver and kidney. Hepatic enzyme profile and renal function test were performed on the patients suffering from cutaneous Leishmaniosis. The present study was done on such patients in 1995. Materials and Methods: An experimental study was designed to assess the effect of glucantime therapy before and after treatment. A questionnaire pertaining to the age, sex, occupation and address of the patients was filled. Blood samples (5ml) were taken and hepatic enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP) and renal function test (BUN, Creatinine) were determined by Technicon RA-100 auto analyzer (Control group). Liver tests and renal function tests were done after 21 days of therapy by intramuscular injection of glucantime (60 mg/kg body weight/day) (Experimental group). Statistical paired t-test was conducted. Results: 70 patients, 47 females (67.1%) and 23 males (32.9%) were followed in this study (Mean age: 26.3±7.9 intervals of 5-69). Therapeutic administration of glucantime altered the concentration of ALT 1.6±7.9 P<0.05) however it did not any effects on other tests (AST, ALP, BUN, Cre). Conclusion: Therefore it is suggested that hepatic enzyme tests should be performed at intervals in order to prevent any hepatic damage.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {69-73}, publisher = {Kashan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-616-en.html}, eprint = {http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-616-en.PDF}, journal = {Feyz Medical Sciences Journal}, issn = {1029-7855}, eissn = {2008-9821}, year = {1997} } @article{ author = {Faghihi, Amir Hossein and Talari, Safar Ali and Mosavi, Gholam Abbas and Aghababai, Sayed Mohse}, title = {Comparative study on diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infection and the number of specimen studied}, abstract ={History and Objectives: Detection of intestinal parasitic infection is usually performed with multiple fecal specimen examination. The present study will show a relationship between the number of samples studied and the detection of intestinal parasitic infection among patients complaining from indegestion. Materials and Methods: A analytical study was conducted on 150 patients, 72 men (48%) and 78 women (52%), who were referred to the internal medicine clinic of Shaheed Beheshti hospital during the first half of 1996. Three fecal samples were taken in triplicates every other three days and examined for parasitic agents by formalin-ether method at the Central Diagnostic Laboratory of the University. The results of three samples and three different days of sampling were analyzed by the statistical relativity test. Results: The prevalence of parasitic infection from the first sample collection was 43.3% (65 patients), after the second sample examination, 56.7% (85 patients) and with the third sample 65.3% (98 patients). The prevalence of infection for the first, second and third day was 43.3%, 23.5% and 20% respectively. Conclusion: The number of fecal samples studies has significant effect on the detection of intestinal infection. However, the prevalence rates were lower compared to previous studies. Therefore, it is recommended that a similar study on healthy individuals may be conducted.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {75-80}, publisher = {Kashan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-617-en.html}, eprint = {http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-617-en.PDF}, journal = {Feyz Medical Sciences Journal}, issn = {1029-7855}, eissn = {2008-9821}, year = {1997} } @article{ author = {Dehghani, Rohollah and Tirgari, Siavash and Doroudgar, Abbas}, title = {Study of nest architecture of scorpion Adentobotus Doria in Esfahan province, 1991}, abstract ={History and Objectives: Adentobotus doria has venomous and painful sting. In order to catch scorpion A.doria for clinical studies, understanding the architecture of their nest and their characteristics is essential therefore the present investigation was carried out in Isfahan province in 1991. Materials and Methods: Based on three specific characteristics the shape of entrance of the nest, (Oval shape with upper semicircle), cone shaped embarkments and the dimensions of the nest entrance (15 by 7) a descriptive study was carried out. Once nests with above characteristics were found, it is considered as the nest of A.doria. The nest was destroyed and the scorpions were caught and their taxonomy were assigned. Architecture of the nests (Length, depth, slope and shape of canals) were recorded. Results: From all 96 nests studied, A.doria was found in all the nests (100%). Conclusion: From the present data, it is practical to identify and catch scorpions from the architecture of the nests.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {81-86}, publisher = {Kashan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-618-en.html}, eprint = {http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-618-en.PDF}, journal = {Feyz Medical Sciences Journal}, issn = {1029-7855}, eissn = {2008-9821}, year = {1997} }