per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
585
586
article
Contamination of Zayandeh Rud sediments with some heavy metals and chemical parameters
Rozita Baradaran
rozita.baradaraqn@yahoo.com
1
Mahmood Kalbasi
2
Jaber Fallahzade
3
Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan Branch
Background: The Zayandeh Rud, as a main river in the center of Iran, is the most important source of water for irrigation, industrial development and municipal use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in contamination of Zayandeh Rud sediments. Materials and Methods: Samples were taken from the 6 stations along the river. Electrical conductivity, pH, organic matter and concentration of Pb, Cd and Ni were determined in the sediment samples.Results: The results showed a much sharper increase in electrical conductivity from station no.4 (Ejieh) to station no. 6 (Gavkhuni). Also, the sediment pH of Zayandeh Rud was alkaline with a minimum of 7.3 in station no. 2 (Chom) and a maximum of 7.9 in station no. 4. Concentration of Ni and content of organic matter increased from station no. 1 (Siosepol) to station no. 3 (Ziyar). The highest concentration of Pb was 72.1 mg/kg in station no. 2. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, concentration of Pb in urban areas was higher than the downstream. Concentration of Cd was 2 mg/kg in station no. 5 and in another stations was very low. Therefore, the sediments of the river are not contaminated with cadmium.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1754-en.pdf
Heavy metals
Zayandeh Rud River
Contamination
Sediment
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
587
588
article
Iron intake and breast cancer
Maryam Shokouhi
kouroosh110@yahoo.com
1
Saeedeh Esmaeili
2
raheleh Sadat Fazelifard
3
Salehe Ahmadzadeh
4
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, that is, 12 percent of women are at risk for the breast cancer. Iron may induce oxidative stress via production of reactive oxygen species, facilitating carcinogenesis. Iron overload, wich was previously uncommon, has become common in many countries. Since the iron fortification of flour and bread is one of the major development goals, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of excess iron on breast cancer.Materials and Methods: Web sites of Google Scholar and Medline were searched for the related articles.Results: Free iron is peroxide that can cause oxidative stress and damage to DNA. Long-term consumption of iron can lead to iron overload in body. In addition, women's iron stores rise after menopause. Although studies have confirmed the carcinogenic effect of iron on animal, all the epidemiological studies have not confirmed it. Conclusion: Reactive oxygen species produced by normal aerobic cellular metabolism can lead to the release of free iron from ferritin. In addition to its independent role as a proxidant, high levels of free iron may potentiate the effects of estradiol, ethanol and ionizing radiation -three risk factors for breast cancer. Many studies have shown that the high levels of free iron in body may lead to breast cancer or fibrocystic changes in women especially after menopause.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1755-en.pdf
Breast cancer
Iron overload
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
589
590
article
The effect of dialysis on the Zinc, Copper, Selenium Aluminium and Lead blood levels in dialysis patients in Ahwaz during 2011-2012
Mohamad Taha Jalali
1
Abdolrahim Absalan
abdorrahim.absalan@modares.ac.ir
2
Farideh Mastipour
3
Heshmatollah Shahbazian
4
Gholam Abbas Kaydani
5
Ahmad Nasimian
6
Alireza Mohseni
7
Tarbiat Modares University
Background: Variations in the blood levels of trace elements are reported as a problem in the dialysis patients. This may result in the deficiency of some trace elements or the overloading of the other elements. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dialysis on the blood level variations of Zinc, Copper, Selenium, Magnesium and the two heavy metals, Aluminium and Lead.Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 33 dialysis patients referred to Ahwaz (Iran) hospital. Serum samples for all the elements except for lead (whole blood) were assayed using the atomic absorption spectroscopy before and after dialysis.Results: Of 33 patients, 16 cases were male and 17 female. Mean age of the patients was 54.81±15.65. The levels of elements before and after dialysis for Zinc were 85.9±12.8 and 99.87±17.45 (P=0.000), Copper 75.36±16.6 and 73.78±26.69 (P=0.711), Selenium 10.71±1.49 and 10.63±1.56 (P=0.709), Aluminium 0.588±0.25 and 0.74±0.36 (P=0.067), Magnesium 0.328±0.068 and 0.263±0.049 (P=0.000), Lead 2.714±0.647 and 2.835±0.39 (P=0.233) (µg/dl for all). Lead levels were higher than the allowable level. Conclusion: Results show that dialysis can cause a reduction in magnesium level, overloading and poisoning with the two heavy metals, Aluminium and Lead.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1756-en.pdf
Dialysis
Trace elements
Atomic absorption spectroscopy
Poisoning
Heavy metals
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
591
592
article
The effect of copper and zinc as effective trace elements in human body
leila BahariNikoo
chemistry_laboratory@yahoo.com
1
Nader Shokoufi
2
Mazandaran University
Background: During the last decade, advances in the analytical methods have greatly increased our understanding of the role of trace elements in the human body. Minerals were categorized into macro and micronutrients, but it has become clear that trace elements such as copper and zinc can be as unique as vitamins in the human body.Materials and Methods: An animal model was used for clinical studies. A diet containing inorganic copper was considered for the animals.Results: Recently Brewer provided an understanding of the role of ingestion of inorganic copper on cognitive loss and its possible contributions to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Similarly, Rosanna Squitti reviewed studies that indicate that the copper dysfunction may be a causative factor in the pathology of AD. Prasad' studies also revealed that zinc was not considered essential for the human body until 1963, but now it is believed that Zinc deficiency affects nearly 2 billion people around the world. Conclusion: Zinc is a growth factor for the human and its deficiency resulting in growth retardation, gonadal failure, and premature death in children. Also, the copper in drinking water and copper supplements are a major factor triggering the AD epidemics. Therefore, people can reduce their risk of AD by stopping the use of copper supplements and testing the copper levels in their drinking water.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1757-en.pdf
Trace elements
Copper
Zinc
Alzheimer’s disease
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
593
594
article
Zinc supplementation reduces atherogenic index of serum in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Fatemeh Pourteymour Fard Tabrizi
fateme.pourteymour@gmail.com
1
Mahzad Mehrzad Sadaghiani
2
Beytollah Alipoor
3
Alireza Ostadrahimi
4
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Background: The atherogenic index of serum (AIS), defined as a logarithm [log] of the ratio of serum concentration of triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, has recently been proposed as a predictive marker for serum atherogenicity and is positively correlated with the cardiovascular disease risk. Also, the nutrient zinc has been previously shown to reduce insulin resistance and hyperglycemia in patients with metabolic disease such as type 2 diabetes and obesity.Materials and Methods: Sixty women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) were randomly divided into two groups to receive 50mg of zinc as zinc sulphate or placebo for 8 weeks, as an adjunct to their pre-study oral estrogen-progestin compounds therapy. Measurements of blood lipids (including ratio of triglycerides to HDL cholesterol), systolic-and diastolic blood pressure, serum zinc and anthropometric indices and dietary intake were determined at the baseline and after 8 weeks. Results: At the end of the study, the zinc group had a significantly lower AIS compared to the placebo group (P<0.05). A significant difference was seen in triglyceride level (P<0.02) and the ratio of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to HDL cholesterol (P<0.05) between the groups at the final visit. In the zinc group, the changes in serum zinc levels were inversely correlated with the change in AIS (P<0.05). Moreover, in the zinc group, ratios of total to HDL cholesterol, LDL to HDL cholesterol, and non-HDL to HDL cholesterol were significantly decreased. Conclusion: Zinc supplementation may be a valuable nutritional adjuvant therapy to reduce AIS in people with PCOS.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1758-en.pdf
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Zinc
Serum atherogenic index
Lipid profile
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
595
596
article
ffect of Chromium supplementation on blood glucose, lipid profile and lipids peroxidation in type 2 diabetic patients
Nayereh Parsaeian
n_parsaeyan@yahoo.com
1
Shahid Sadoughi University
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder with the adverse cardiovascular risk. Chromium is an essential nutrient and its role in the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism has not been clarified, especially in Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chromium supplementation on the blood glucose, lipid profile and lipids peroxidation in type 2 diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: Fifty type 2 diabetic patients were selected. They consumed 200 µg chromium capsule twice daily for 6 weeks. Subjects were instructed not to change their normal eating and habitual lifestyle. Fasting blood glucose, lipid profile and malondialdehyde (MDA) level were measured and analyzed at the bigining and end of the study. Results: Results revealed that the chromium consumption in type 2 diabetic patients reduced fasting blood glucose (48.3%, P≤0.01), total cholesterol (6.28%, P≤0.02), triglyceride (11.36%, P<0.1), LDL (17.28%, P<0.5), and MDA (11.37%, P<0.5), but HDL level was increased (5.78%, P<0.5). Conclusion: Results of this study indicate that chromium supplementation has a beneficial effect on blood glucose, lipid profile and lipids peroxidation in the type 2 diabetic patients.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1759-en.pdf
Chromium
Type 2 diabetic patients
Blood glucose
Lipid profile
Lipids peroxidation
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
597
598
article
Protective effect of zinc on serum parameters related to thyroid and parathyroid glands in rats exposed to cadmium
Elham Moshtaghi
moshtaghie.e@gmail.com
1
Pedram Malekpouri
2
Ahmad Ghorchani
3
Islamic Azad University
Background: Cadmium is one of the toxic metals, which can enter the body through several routes due to its numerous applications and lead to some disorders. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of zinc on cadmium-induced damages in the serum parameters related to the thyroid and parathyroid glands. Materials and Methods: In this study, 40 male rats weighting 201±30g were divided into the four separated groups (consisting of 5 rats): the cadmium treatment, zinc treatment, combination of zinc and cadmium and control groups. The normal saline containing 1 mg cadmium was injected intrapritoneally to the rats as the first treatment. The second group was treated with 0.5 mg zinc, the third one received the combined doses of cadmium (1mg) and zinc (0.5mg) and the control group received only the normal saline injection. At the end of the experiment (30 and 60 d), all rats were decapitated and sera collected to measure the serum parameters related to the thyroid and parathyroid glands. Results: The obtained results showed that cadmium significantly (P<0.05) decreased the concentration of serum calcium, T3, T4 and calcitonin, but increased the Pi concentration and the activity of Paratormone and alkaline phosphatase. Zinc treatment in animals either maintained all the aforementioned serum parameters at their normal levels or at least showed a preventive-like role. Conclusion: Although a long-term injection of cadmium provides hypothyroidism as well as hyperparathyroidism, zinc can be able to reduce the toxic effects of cadmium.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1760-en.pdf
Zinc
Cadmium
Thyroid
Parathyroid
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
599
600
article
The destructive effect of strontium on bone metabolism
Leila Vahabi
leilastudent1404@yahoo.com
1
Islamic Azad university of Falavarjan
Background: Radioactive strontium, which is produced from reactors, could be found throughout the nature and even in low doses can be carcinogenic. High-energy beta from strontium radiation, in addition to damage to the blood system and bone marrow, can lead to osteoporosis in the trabecular bone, sclerosis and increasing the wounds of bones. Also, the excess amount of strontium can engender osteomalacia and osteoporosis, and then impede the natural maturation of chondrocytes in the epiphyseal plate of long bones.Materials and Methods: Web sites of Pubmed and Elsivier were searched for the related articles.Results: The results showed that calcium can be replaced by strontium in the biological processes of the body due to its chemical similarities, and by attaching to ligands like hydroxyapatite, mineral component of the bone and also a range of binding proteins to calcium, which play a role in the physiological deposition of calcium in the cells, can be normally substituted by calcium and cause irreversible damages to the human body. Conclusion: The most compounds of strontium are soluble in water and it can be harmful for body because strontium can leave the bone and enter the bloodstream and circulate throughout the body. One of the fastest ways for strontium to enter the bloodstream and biological processes is breathing. Therefore, the body's protection against ingress and uptake of strontium should be taken into consideration.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1761-en.pdf
Strontium
Calcium
Bone metabolism
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
601
602
article
Comparing the synergic effects of nanocopper particles and Melissa officinalis L. essential oil on growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus
Nooshin Naghsh
1
Zohreh Nikbakht
zohrenikbakht@yahoo.com
2
Monir Doudi
3
Islamic Azad University
Background: Using the plants to treat the diseases, which has increased around the world, does not have any side effects. This study aimed to examine the antimicrobial effects of Melissa officinalis L. essential oil and Nanocopper particles on growth inhibition of S.aureus (MRS). Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, Inhibition zone diameter of the materials was measured using the Agar disk diffusion method. Different concentrations of Melissa officinalis L. essential oil and Nanocopper particles were prepared. Then, the antimicrobial activity of the materials 24 hour after the treatment was evaluated for Nanocopper particles in concentration of 100 and 500 ppm and essential oil 12.5% to 50%.Results: Results of this study showed that Nanocopper particles does not have any inhibitory effect on S.aureus (MRS) growth 24 hour after the treatment. Inhibition zone diameter for different concentrations of Melissa officinalis L. oil was 19/91±0.13mm. Mixture of 500ppm Nanocopper particles and different concentrations of Melissa officinalis L. oil after 24 hour showed that mixture of the two substances does not have any synergic effect on growth inhibition of S.aureus (MRS). Conclusion: Nanocopper particles and Melissa officinalis L. oil do not have any synergic effect on S.aureus (MRS) growth in vitro condition. This Melissa officinalis L. essential oil can be used as antimicrobial agent for inhibition of bacterial diseases in human.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1762-en.pdf
Melissa officinalis L. essential oil
Nanocopper particles
S.aureus (MRS)
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
603
604
article
Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on renal function in mice
Ali Noori
ali.noori55@gmail.com
1
Farzaneh Karimi
2
Islamic Azad University
Background: Considering the medical applications of zinc oxide nanoparticles, evaluating their adverse effects on the organisms is important. Materials and Methods: In this study, the effect of a single injection (ip) of zinc oxide nanoparticles (50, 100, 200, 300mg/kg) on changes in the renal parameters (uric acid, creatinin, urea) was studied after 8 and 30 days of the treatment. Results: Results showed that the urea and creatinine levels in the 300 mg/kg group were significantly increased 8 days after the injection (P<0.001). The amount of uric acid reduced significantly in all the groups compared to the control group (P<0.001), while no significant difference was found between the groups 30 days after the injection. Conclusion: It seems that a single injection of zinc oxide nanoparticles, especially at high doses (300 mg/kg), has a short-term effect (8 days) on the renal function, but after a month, possibly with the gradual elimination of nanoparticles uptake into the kidney, these effects disappear. However, further studies with more injections are essential.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1763-en.pdf
Zinc oxide nanoparticles
Kidney
Renal parameters
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
605
606
article
The association between Lead exposure and cardiovascular diseases
Maryam Esfahani
esfahanimr21@yahoo.com
1
Ahmad Movahedian
2
Negar Ataei
3
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
Background: Lead exposure is involved in cardiovascular diseases, as a major cause of mortality worldwide. This study aimed to provide an overview of the underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods: The recent studies regarding Lead and cardiovascular diseases are reviewed. Electronic information resources such as Web of knowledge, PubMed, Science direct and Google scholar were used.Results: The data analysis indicated that the low level Lead exposure in long term causes a marked increase in arterial pressure by several mechanisms: an increase in the activities of angiotensin converting enzyme and kininase II, the effect on synthesis and/or release of renin, a reduction in the Nitric oxide availability and an increase in arterial resistance, the stimulatory effect on sympathetic nervous system, the alteration of adrenergic system and endothelium derived vasoregulatory factors, the dysregulation of arterial natriuretic peptide and interference with dependent signaling pathway. The other action of Lead is the promotion of oxidative stress (OS). Several studies demonstrated the association between OS and cardiovascular diseases. Lead has an effect on endothelial and vascular functions by interfering with the synthesis of some proteoglycans. Also, this metal can arouse a negative effect on fibrinolytic process and promote the growth of vascular smooth cells, which are involved in the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. Conclusion: Further research is needed to characterize the full impact of Lead exposure on cardiovascular diseases. Considering the high levels of Lead pollution and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in Iran, the effects of Lead exposure on cardiovascular diseases need to be included in the risk assessment of Lead exposure.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1764-en.pdf
Lead exposure
Heavy metals
Cardiovascular disease
Hypertension
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
607
608
article
Evaluation of Cu, Fe and Zn concentrations in diet of the Holstein dairy cattle on industrial and semi-industrial farms in Isfahan
vahid Noaman
vnoaman@yahoo.com
1
Mohsen Rasti
2
Ahmadreza Ranjbari
3
Isfahan Research Center for Agriculture and National Recourses
Background: Trace elements are very important for several metabolic functions and their deficiency impair production and reproduction in dairy cattle. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of Cu, Zn and Fe in diet samples in Holstein dairy cattle kept under industrial and semi-industrial farming in Isfahan province, central Iran. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on 12 industrial and 12 semi-industrial Holstein dairy cattle farms. A total of 48 diet samples were collected. In the industrial farms, diet samples were collected from the total mixed rations (TMR) and in the semi-industrial farms, samples were separately collected from forage and concentrates. Concentrations of Cu, Zn, Fe in the cattle diet samples were determined using the atomic absorption spectrophotometry.Results: In the industrial farms, the mean concentrations of Cu, Zn and Fe in diet samples were 13 mg/Kg, 73 mg/Kg and 494 mg/Kg, respectively and in the semi-industrial farms, mean concentrations of Cu, Zn and Fe in diet samples were 12 mg/Kg, 47 mg/Kg and 550 mg/Kg, respectively. Not only in industrial farms but also in semi-industrial farms the mean concentrations of Cu, Zn and Fe in diet samples were higher than the recommended levels by NRC in dietary dry matter.Conclusion: Results of this study indicate that the mean concentrations of Cu, Zn and Fe in diet samples were sufficiently high and the trace elements deficiency was not seen in the diet samples of the cattle.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1765-en.pdf
Copper
Zinc
Iron
Diet
Holstein
Dairy cattle
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
609
610
article
The effects of excess Iodine on immune system: an in-vitro study
Gholam Reza Moshtaghi-Kashanian
moshtaghikashanian@hotmail.com
1
Mohammad Hassannejad
2
Kerman University of Medical Sciences
Background: The epidemiological studies have shown that the excessive iodine intake leads to autoimmune thyroid diseases with an unknown mechanism. Moreover, previous studies have shown that the disturbance in the circulating cytokines can lead to the autoimmune diseases. To determine the role of iodine in cytokine production and development of thyroid autoimmune diseases, whole blood was stimulated with NaI (10 mM) and I2 (0.5 mM). Materials and Methods: After evaluation of the laboratory results of the 25 healthy females (aged 40-45 years), 10 subjects with the matched results were selected. Ten ml of the sterile heparinized peripheral blood was taken from each subject and immediately were divided into the 6 groups: control, NaI stimulated, I2 stimulated and matching groups in presence of the standard stimulators (LPS 1μg/ml & PHA 10μg/ml). Three identical groups were setup to investigate the cytokine production at 24, 48, and 72 hours. All samples were incubated in cell culture incubator (95% O2 and 5% CO2) and after elapse of the appropriate time, plasma separated from each well were kept at -70 ºC till the time of cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, INF- and TGF-1) analysis. Results: NaI significantly decreased the production of TGF-1 at all time points (P<0.02), while it did not affect the level of other cytokines. On the other hand, I2 significantly decreased the level of IL-4 and IL- 10 (P<0.01). In the presence of LPS/PHA, NaI also reduced the production of IL-10 (P<0.02), while I2 decreased the level of IL-4 as well as IL-10 (P<0.01). Conclusion: Results of this study indicate that the high levels of NaI and I2 may reduce the level of the protective cytokines in circulation. Finally, since neither thyroid hormones nor thyroid glands had role in this process, it may be concluded that thyroid autoimmunity is initiated from high consumption of iodine leading to the imbalance in cytokine production.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1766-en.pdf
Thyroid autoimmunity
Iodine
NaI
TGF-1
INF-
IL-4
IL-10
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
611
612
article
Association between the activity of delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase in red blood cells and the levels of zinc and Iron in haemodialysis patients
Mahriar Zargari
zargari.mehryar@gmail.com
1
Samineh Motallebi Reikandeh
2
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase (δ-ALA-D) in red blood cells of haemodialysis patients and establish its association with serum levels of iron and zinc and lipid peroxidation. Materials and Methods: Blood samples of thirty patients (before hameodialysis) were collected to estimate the parameters of the δ-ALA-D activity in red blood cell (RBC), the serum levels of iron, zinc and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and to compare with the thirty blood samples in the control group. Results: The results showed that the haemodialysis patients had a significant reduction inRBC count, haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit compared to the control group (P<0.05). The activity of δ-ALA-D in the red blood cells was significantly increased (P<0.001). The activity of δ-ALA-D in the red blood cells had a significant negative correlation with haematocrit (r=-0.61) and haemoglobin (r=-0.70) in the patients (P<0.05). In addition, there was a significant decrease in the serum iron and zinc levels, but an increase in the TBARS levels (P<0.05). The activity of δ-ALA-D in blood was negatively correlated with the levels of iron (r=-0.68) and zinc (r=-0.57). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the increased activity of δ-ALA-D in blood might have occurred in response to the anaemia in remission as heme synthesis is enhanced.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1767-en.pdf
Delta-ALA-D
Haemodialysis
Zinc
Iron
TBARS
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
613
614
article
Extraction of Lead and Cadmium from environmental water samples by solid phase extraction using the modified magnetic nanoparticles prior to their determination by FAAS
Sayyed hamid Ahmadi
1
Shima Labafi
shima_labafi@yahoo.com
2
mohammad Hasan Amini
3
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran
Background: Heavy metals can lead to the harmful effects to both animals and human beings by migrating through the food chain and accumulating in the body of organisms. Consequently, it was significant to develop the effective method for the removal and determination of the trace heavy metals in environmental and biological samples. This study aimed to present a sensitive and simple magnetic solid phase extraction procedure for the preconcentration of Lead and Cadmium ions in the environmental water samples. Materials and Methods: The factors affecting the extraction of the target metal ions such as pH, the ionic strength, sample volume and amount of adsorbent were studied and optimized. Dithizone modified silica-coated magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (H2Dz-SCMNPs) were prepared and used for MSPE of trace amounts of Cr (III), Cu (II). The prepared magnetic nanoparticles were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis )TGA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Results: Under optimum conditions, calibration curve was linear in the range of 70ppb-20ppm of Pb with R²=0.999 and Pb was recovered (more than 99%) from the sample. Extraction efficiency is slightly lower for cadmium. Conclusion: The proposed method showed some advantages to the former methods such as easy preparation of adsorbents, selectivity, precision, short times of pretreatment and high extraction yields, especially for lead. The proposed method was applied to natural and environmental water samples, which showed good agreement with reference method results.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1768-en.pdf
Cadmium
Lead
Environmental water sample
Solid phase extraction
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
615
616
article
Determination of heavy metals in fish muscle tissue using the flame atomic absorption spectroscopy
Pedram Jarf
Maryirani@ymail.com
1
Khoshkhoo
2
Khara
3
Babaei
4
Islamic Azad University
Background: Fish as well as other aquatic animals have become an important source of protein diets. Heavy metals due to their specific physical and chemical characteristics as well as their side effects on various ecosystems are considered as a major contaminator of marine environments.This study aimed to determine the magnitude of heavy metals (Cu, Pb and Cd) in muscle tissues of fish Perca fluviatilis from Amirkolaye wetland in Guilan province.Materials and Methods: The heavy metals were extracted from the fish muscle tissue by the wet digestion methods (nitric acid and perchloric acid). Moreover, the concentrations of the heavy metals were determined using the flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (FAAS).Results: The results indicated that the average concentration of heavy metals Cu, Pb and Cd in the muscle tissues of Perca fluviatilis were 0.475±0.03, 0.035±0.005 and 0.28±0.04µgg-1d.w, respectively. Conclusion: The concentrations of heavy metals in the fish muscle tissue were lower than the allowable standards of WHO, UK (MAFF), NHMRC and FDA.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1769-en.pdf
Heavy metals
Perca fluviatilis
Amirkolaye wetland
Atomic absorption
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
617
618
article
Determination of Lead, Cadmium, Mercury and Arsenic in salt by the Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Roshanak Hedayatifar
rhedayatifar@yahoo.com
1
Lorestan University of Medical Sciences
Background: The sodium chloride has long been an essential part of the human diet. Sodium chloride is widely used in the food industry as a flavoring, preserving, and moistening agent, and consumed directly by humans. One of the causes of food contamination by metals is the use of additives during the production of salt. Lead, Cadmium, Mercury and Arsenic are the most important heavy metals which may cause the serious health risks following the consumption of contaminated foods. Materials and Methods: Forty refined and prepacked salt samples were purchased directly from the shops around the city of khoramabad. The Mercury and Arsenic levels in salt were determined by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrophotometery, and Cadmium and Lead levels by graphite atomic absorption spectrophotometery model Perkin Elmer.Results: The mean concentrations for the tested tracer metals including Cd, Pb, Hg and As were 0.032, 0.52, 0.025 and 0.098 μg/g, respectively.Conclusion: The concentrations of tested heavy metals were well below the maximum levels set by Codex.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1771-en.pdf
Lead
Cadmium
Mercury
Salt
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
619
620
article
Determination of Lead, Cadmium and Mercury in white and ghezelalla fish
Roshanak Hedayatifar
rhedayatifar@yahoo.com
1
Lorestan University of Medical Sciences
Background: Considering the industrial and agricultural developments and improving human life in recent decades, the use of heavy metals in various fields is unavoidable. Also, the use of aquatic resources, especially fish meal as protein sources in part due to increasing population has increased. The aim of this study was to determine the heavy metals such as Lead, Cadmium and Mercury in white and Ghezelalla fish consumed in the province of Lorestan. Materials and Methods: In this study, 40 samples were selected to determine the heavy metals (Lead, Cadmium and Mercury) after digestion by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists methods. Mercury levels in fish were determined by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrophotometery, while Cadmium and Lead levels by graphite atomic absorption spectrophotometery model Perkin Elmer. Results: The results showed that the mean concentrations of Lead in fish were 2.93±0.55, 1.65 ppm±0.5, cadmium 1.15±0.47, 1.36±0.54 ppm and mercury 0.68±0.4, 0.95±0.2 ppm. Conclusion: The average concentration of metals is higher than the standard rate of World Health Organization, the National Health and Medical Research Association of Australia, and the department of Agriculture - Fisheries and Food in UK.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1772-en.pdf
Ghezelalla
White fish
Lead
Cadmium
Mercury
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
621
622
article
Investigation of Antimony contamination in groundwater resources: a case study
Raheleh Hatefi
rahele.hatefi@gmail.com
1
Kamal Khodaei
2
Ali Akbar Shahsavari
3
Farhad Asadian
4
Research Institute of Applied Sciences
Background: Many trace elements are essential to plant, animal, and human health in small doses but they will be toxic in higher doses. Two natural processes and anthropogenic activities can be responsible for importing elements to environment (soil, water and air) which enter the human body by eating, drinking and inhalation. Antimony is a trace element that can contaminate environment in both natural and anthropogenic activities. There is no biologic role in human body for Antimony, but its low concentrations can stimulate metabolism. On the other hand, it is very toxic and can cause degradation in liver, high blood cholesterol and low blood sugar. The WHO guideline value for Antimony in surface and groundwater is 0.02 mg/l. Materials and Methods: In this study, 30 groundwater samples were collected through Kark Island. Samples were collected in polyethylene bottles (250cc) and transported to the ACME laboratory for analysis, filtered through 0.45 µm filters and acidified to pH=2 with HNO3. Results: The results of the study indicated that Antimony concentration in 82.76% of the groundwater samples with 71.34 mg/l mean value was higher than the WHO standard limit. Conclusion: Lack of outcrop geological potential of antimony, lead mines and industries confirm that oil and petrochemical industries can be responsible for contamination. It means atmospheric precipitation resulting from fossil fuel is the only reason for high Antimony concentration in Kark island.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1773-en.pdf
Trace elements
Antimony
Kark Island
Groundwater
Fossil fuel
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
623
624
article
The effect of Mercury on in-vitro serum lipid oxidizability
Farangis Gholami
f.gholami201025@yahoo.com
1
Ali Eskandarei
2
Shahabadin Asadi
3
javad Zavar Reza
4
Bemanali Jalali-khanabadi
5
Shahid Sadoughi University
Background: Mercury is a toxic metal which participate in the environmental pollution. Toxic dose of mercury cause various diseases such as cardiovascular and mental with not fully understood mechanism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Mercury in serum lipid oxidizability.Material and Methods: In this in vitro experimental study, serum pools of healthy subjects were prepared and divided into six fractions. Mercury concentration in five fractions increased to 20, 30, 50, 200, 700 nM and the sixth fraction was considered as a control. Samples were incubated at 37° C for 24 hours and serum lipid oxidation was followed by monitoring of the absorbance change at 245nm in diluted serum after the addition of Cu2+. A number of quantitative parameters including lag-time, maximal rate of oxidation (V-max), and maximal amount of lipid peroxide products (OD-max) were evaluated.Results: Lag-time in all concentrations of the experiment 20, 30, 50, 200, 700 nM were (18.7±.95), (18.5±0.57), (18.5±0.57), (24.2±2.9) and (14.7±2.7), respectively which decreased compared to the control (33±2.4) and V-max in 700nM (43.7±1.2) increased compared to the control (40±1.15, P<0.05). Conclusion: Results show that Mercury in all experimental concentrations whether tolerable or toxic causes accelerating serum lipid oxidation. According to its transmission special attention should be given to this metal.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1775-en.pdf
Mercury
Lipid oxidizeability
Serum
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
625
626
article
The effect of different levels of chromium and exposure time on growth parameters of earthworms
Zahra Jamshidi
za_jamshidi@yahoo.com
1
Ahmad Golchin
2
abdolhosein Pari-Zanganeh
3
Zanjan University
Background: Earthworms are an important part of food chains in soil ecosystems and their growth are adversely affected by soil contamination. In polluted soils, heavy metals are consumed by earthworms, and are carried through food chains, resulting in many adverse health impacts. Due to the sensitivity of earthworms to pollution, earthworms can be used as bio- indicators of the soil pollution. Materials and Methods: This study was a completely random design conducted as a factorial experiment. Different levels of soil pollution to chromium were zero, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 and 320 mg kg-1 soil. Earthworms were exposed to these levels of contamination in the 4 periods (15, 30, 45 and 60 days) and the number of alive earthworms, their weights and the number of cocoons produced by earthworms were studied. Results: Results of this study showed that an increasing concentration of chromium in soil significantly decreased the number of alive earthworms, their weights and the number of cocoons produced by them. After 15 days, it was observed that earthworm immortality and weight had decreased by13.54% and 10.76%, respectively.Conclusion: Due to the sensitivity of earthworms to chromium in soil, they can be used as bio-indicators of soil pollution.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1776-en.pdf
Earthworm
Chromium
Heavy metals
Soil contamination
Eisenia fetida
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
627
628
article
Studies on the toxic effect of chromium oxide on mouse bone marrow stem cell
khatereh Khorsandi
khorsandi@ibb.ut.ac.ir
1
Ozra Rabbani-Chadegani
2
University of Tehran
Background: Recent studies have revealed that exposure to hexavalent chromium compounds (Cr (VI)) could lead to various types of cancers. Bone marrow is a main tissue in which hematopoiesis occurs. In this process, a single type of stem cell (multi potent hematopoietic cells (MHCs) gives rise to all the mature blood cells in the body. Since this process is very important for developing blood cells, any toxic agent which can affect cells may result in diseases. Materials and Methods: In the present study, we investigated the toxicity effect of Chromium oxide on bone marrow stem cells using the tryphan blue exclusion and MTT assay. For this purpose, the non-adherent multipotent hematopoietic cells of bone marrow were prepared and then cultured in the absence and presence of various concentrations of Chromium oxide. Viability of the cells was determined by tryphan blue exclusion and MTT assay. Apoptotic and necrotic effects of the metal was studied using the ethidium bromide/acridine orange staining method using fluorescence microscopy. Results: The results showed that Chromium oxide decreased cell viability, in a dose dependent manner, to 50% of the control viability at high concentration of the metal (200 µg/ml). Morphological studies showed that as metal concentration increased, features of apoptosis such as Chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation, alterations in the size and the shape of the cells occurred.Conclusion: It can be concluded that Chromium oxide has toxic effect on hematopoietic cells of mouse bone marrow and precedes the cells into apoptosis and necrosis.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1777-en.pdf
Stem cell
Heavy metals
Chromium oxide
Apoptosis
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
629
630
article
Evaluating the relationship between serum levels of zinc, copper, magnesium, iron and calcium in maternal and umbilical cord blood and their deficiency prevalence
Elaheh Seddighi Looye
seddighiluye@yahoo.com
1
Lida Moghadam Banaem
2
Azam Afshar
3
Anoshirvan Kazemnejad
4
Islamic Azad University
Background: Considering to the importance of trace elements during pregnancy, this study aimed to assess the relationship between serum levels of zinc, copper, magnesium, iron and calcium in maternal and umbilical cord blood and their deficiency prevalence.Materials and Methods: This Analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 344 pregnant women in labor and their neonates in Maryam, Akbarabadi and Imam hospitals in Tehran, Iran. The concentrations of Zinc, Copper, magnesium, Iron and Calcium in maternal and umbilical cord blood were measured. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Results: Of all the mothers, 26.7% had zinc deficiency, 53.5% copper deficiency, 72.4% magnesium deficiency, 0.6% Iron deficiency, 49.4% Calcium deficiency and of all the newborns, 3.5% had zinc deficiency, 41.6% copper deficiency, 67.4% magnesium deficiency, 3.2% Iron deficiency and 2.3% Calcium deficiency. Spearman correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between the concentration of each element in maternal serum with cord serum and there was a significant correlation between some of the elements in maternal and cord serum. Also linear regression between each element in maternal serum together showed a significant positive correlation between maternal copper and Iron (P<.001), maternal zinc and Iron (P<.001), maternal magnesium and copper (P=.006), maternal magnesium and calcium (P<.001) and also there was a significant negative correlation between maternal zinc and calcium (P<.001). Conclusion: Results show that the copper, zinc, magnesium and calcium deficiency is prevalent in mothers which causes to more complications during pregnancy. It is recommended to perform more research with more samples and in different settings.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1778-en.pdf
Zinc
Copper
Magnesium
Iron
Calcium
Pregnancy
Cord
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
631
632
article
Association of serum Copper and Zinc levels with colorectal cancer
fakhrodin Naghibalhossaini
1
Zahra Khoshdel
khoshdelz@sums.ac.ir
2
Mostafa Moradi
3
Shahla Shojaei
4
Abbas Ghaderi
5
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Background: In recent years, measurement of the trace elements in human serum has been used for cancer diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to compare the serum concentrations of Cu, Zn and Cu /Zn ratio of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with those of healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 130 patients with CRC (57 women and 73 men) and 128 health subjects (65 women and 63 men). Flame atomic absorption spectroscopy method was used to analyze the serum trace element concentrations. Results: The results showed that the serum Cu levels were significantly lower (P<0.01) in patients with CRC than the healthy controls, but no significant difference was observed between serum concentration of zinc in patients and healthy subjects. The concentrations of Zn in patients and healthy subjects were (68.38±44.76 vs. 142±37.61 ug/dl) and (84±53.51 vs. 140.37±63.43), respectively, in female and male subjects. Serum concentrations of Cu were (139±139.92 vs. 160.44±46.38 ug/dl) and (123.50±77.76 vs. 160.93±44.15 ug/dl), respectively, in female and male subjects. However, the Cu/Zn ratio increased significantly in both male (2.64±2.98 vs. 1.42± 0.88) and female (3.02±3.90 vs. 1.22±0.60) subjects. Conclusion: The serum copper levels and the Cu/Zn ratio may have an instrumental role in CRC development or can be used as a prognosis marker.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1779-en.pdf
Cu
Zn
Colorectal cancer
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
633
634
article
Evaluation of trace metal (cd, cr, cu) – induced oxidative stress in presence of H2O2 on purified DNA strands break from nonpathogenic Escherichia coli
Maedeh Bahavar
yasamin.mehr90@yahoo.com
1
Neda Tarbali
2
Nahid Einolahi
3
Nasrin Dashti
4
Kharazmi University
Background: Studies on the interactions of metal ions and DNA suggests the significant effect of metals on DNA and its damage. This study was carried out to examine the effects of some trace metals including Cadmium, Chromium and Copper on E.coli (ptcc1399) DNA. Materials and Methods: Purified DNA from bacteria was incubated with different concentrations of metals (1-100µM) and H2O2 for 1 hour in 37cº. Then the damage on treated DNA was examined using the electrophoresis and spectrophotometric methods. To control the activity of metal ions, EDTA and catalase were used. Results: Increasing the concentrations of the mentioned metals and H2O2, did not alone cause damage to DNA, but treatment of DNA with a mixture of the metals and H2O2 in concentrations > 10 µM could lead to breaks in DNA. Furthermore, the addition of EDTA and catalase to the mixture prevented DNA damage. Conclusion: Since DNA damage has occurred only in the presence of metals and H2O2, there is a generation of free radicals by this mixture. Therefore, the main reason for this evidence probably shows the participation of the metals in fenton reaction.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1780-en.pdf
Oxidative stress
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
635
636
article
Effect of the increased level of Lead on in-vitro serum lipid peroxidation
Ali Eskandarei
alieskandarie@gmail.com
1
Farangis Gholami
2
Bemanali Jalali-khanabadi
3
Javad Zavar Reza
4
Shahid Sadoughi University
Background: Lead is a heavy metal that enters the human body through the environmental pollution such as air. Lead contamination is associated with the increased cardiovascular diseases, but the exact mechanism is not fully clarified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Lead on lipid peroxidation.Materials and Methods: In this in vitro experimental study, a pool serum was prepared from the healthy subjects and divided into the five fractions. With the addition of Lead, its concentrations in the four samples reached to 0.5, 1, 4 and 5 μM and the fifth sample was used as control. Samples were incubated at 37 °C for one day. Lipid oxidation was induced in each diluted sample by the addition of Cu2+. Oxidation profile was monitored by reading of OD at 245nm. A number of quantitative parameters including the lag-time, maximal rate of oxidation (V-max), and maximal amount of lipid peroxide products (OD-max) were evaluated. Results: The lag-times in the Lead samples were 4 and 5 µM (158±1.7) and (149.3±1.3) decreased compared to the control (169.7±0.5). Moreover, OD-max in the samples (0.399±0.003) and (0.409±0.008) increased compared to the control (0.373±0.01, P<0.05). Conclusion: The results show that Lead in high concentrations can trigger serum lipid oxidation. Since the experimental concentrations were in the borderline of toxicity to humans, Lead contamination may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease by enhanced lipid peroxidation.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1781-en.pdf
Lead
Serum lipid
Peroxidation
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
637
638
article
Evaluating the effect of water hardness in reducing heart and kidney diseases in Samirom using the RS & GIS technologies
Milad Bahramian
GISRS1367@yahoo.com
1
Islamic Azad University
Background: One of the important issues in the field of Medical Geology is the relationship between cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and water hardness in certain areas. The negative correlation between water hardness and the death caused by ardiovascular diseases has been observed in several countries and areas. Calcium carbonate has an antacid effect on renal defects and is used to treat Osteoporosis.Materials and Methods: In order to verify this, using remote sensing technology, the Landsat 7 ETM+ thermal data were applied, and the areas containing mineral dolomite were identified using the images. Then by water sampling and determining its Cations and chemical properties, surveying the water resources in compliance with the dolometic areas and studying the statistics, the number of renal and cardiovascular patients was determined. Results: It was determined that the percentage of aforesaid diseases toward the region`s population-that is 30 thousand-due to the low levels of Calcium and Magnesium in water than the optimal ratio of these elements in water, is significant. Conclusion: The amount of renal and cardiovascular diseases in the area expressed in terms of percent are 1.13 and 1.85, respectively.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1782-en.pdf
Remote sensing
Medical Geology
Dolomite
GIS
Water hardness
Renal diseases
IHD
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
639
640
article
Effect of Gold nanoparticles on Balb/c mice kidneys
Ali Noori
ali.noori55@gmail.com
1
Zahra Ghasami
2
Islamic Azad University
Background: Regarding to the applications of Gold nanoparticles in the medical and biological fields, the study on its toxic effects on organisms is essential. Materials and Methods: In this study, the effect of intra-peritoneal injection of Gold nanoparticles (10nm, 100ppm concentration) on changes in the renal parameters (urea, uric acid and creatinine) at different times after treatment (10, 20, 30 and 40 days) in mice were studied. Results: Results of the study showed that the average amount of urea and uric acid significantly increased after 20 days of treatment compared to the other groups (P<0.01), while 40 days after the injection all the changes went back to normal. The average weight of the mice and the histological structure of the kidney did not show any abnormality as compared to the control group.Conclusion: It seems that the application of Gold nanoparticles in low concentrations (100 ppm) in biological system has no stable and long-term toxic effect on the animal body and probably the reticuloendothelial system excretes the nanoparticles.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1783-en.pdf
Gold nanoparticle
Kidney
Toxicity
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
641
642
article
Effect of Silver nanoparticles and hydroalcholic extract of Ginger and Camphor on liver tissue and enzymes
Nasim Zamani
n_zamani89@yahoo.com
1
Nooshin Naghsh
2
Hosein Fathpour
3
Felavarjan University
Background: Active metabolites are formed during the metabolism of toxins that can damage the liver. Using plants in treatment of the liver diseases has a long history. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and Camphor have antioxidant and disinfectant properties that in combination with nano-silver can be more effective in the prevention and treatment of the diseases. Materials and Methods: In this study, the effects of Ginger, Camphor and Silver nanoparticles on the liver toxicity of thioacetamide was examined. Rats were divided into six groups (n=10), then the control group was treated with saline and the treatment groups with Ginger and Camphor extracts, 3000ppm dose of Silver nanoparticles and the combination of the three materials. Five mice in each group were sampled from the heart and their liver tissues isolated. The thioacetamide 50mg / kg was injected for the remaining 5 mice in each group during the two consecutive days. Blood samples were taken 48 hours after the last injection and then the liver tissues isolated. Finally, SGPT and SGOT enzymes were measured. Results: The combination of the three materials significantly decreased the SGOT enzyme after the liver toxicity. Hepatocytes and liver tissue in this group had suffered less damage than other groups (P<0.001).Conclusion: Ginger can have a protective effect on liver, but combination of the substances can have more protective effect.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1784-en.pdf
Liver enzymes
Ginger
Camphor
Silver nanoparticles
Thioacetamide
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
643
644
article
Evaluating the folding variations in human amylin peptid in the presence of Lead and Selenium
Sayyed Mahdi Mirhashemi
mirhashemi@kaums.ac.ir
1
Mohammad Hossein Aarabi
2
Fahimeh Talebi
3
Fatemeh Nejati
4
Zahra Jafari
5
Farzaneh Khalaji
6
Fatemeh Motaharian
7
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Background: Amylin is a 37-aa pancreatic hormone. It has been determined that an aggregation of amylin is associated with the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to evaluate the variations in aggregation potential in the presence and absence of Lead (Pb) and Selenium (Se). Materials and Methods: The peptide stock solution was prepared by adding 1 ml Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO). Stock solution (1mg/ml) was diluted with Krebs buffer (pH: 7.4) to a final concentration of 0.4 μM. The samples without the elements were selected as control. Selenium and Lead with concentration of 50 and 10 μM were prepared in the two separate groups, respectively. The last group included Se 50 μM +Pb10 μM in amylin solution. All samples were incubated at 37oC. To monitor the peptide folding, Thioflavin T (ThT) assay was performed and recorded by a fluorescence spectrometer. Results: The obtained results showed that after 144 hour incubation, Selenium, decreased amylin aggregation by 30.2 % (P<0.05) and Pb increased the aggregation potential by 23.1 % (P<0.05). Combined effect of Se and Pb decreased the amylin aggregation by 9.52% compared to the Pb group. Conclusion: According to the results of the study, Selenium not only reduced amylin aggregation significantly but also detoxified Pb toxicity. Therefore, it can be concluded that the toxic effects of amylin amyloid on pancreas may be reduced by Selenium.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1786-en.pdf
Amylin
Diabetes mellitus
Lead
Selenium
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
645
646
article
Evaluating the changes in serum parameters associated with iron metabolism in male rat exposed to Lead
Pedram Malekpouri
p.malekpouri@gmail.com
1
Minoo Moshtaghie
2
Mohammad Reza Dinko
3
Ali Asghar Moshtaghi
4
Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
Background: Considering the severe hazardous influences of Lead (Pb2+) on iron-related diseases, this study was carried out to evaluate the effects of Pb2+ on the serum parameters associated with iron metabolism.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, male Wistar rats weighing 200–250 g were treated with Pb2+ for the short and long period of time. The animals received daily intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg Pb 2+ kg−1 body weight (BW) for 5 days and 4 mg Pb2+ kg−1 BW for 30 and 45 days, respectively. Results: The results showed that when animals were treated with both low and high concentrations of Pb 2+, the serum iron concentrations decreased markedly by 23.2%, 32.8%, and 39.9 % after 5, 30 and 45 days, respectively, while the sera TIBC and transferrin concentrations increased significantly (P<0.05). Following the short- and long-term exposure to Pb 2+, the percentage of serum transferrin saturation was also decreased in comparison with the untreated control group (P<0.05). Concentrations of serum copper and ceruloplasmin following Pb 2+ treatment also reduced significantly (P<0.05). Moreover, the percentage of hematocrit and hemoglobin levels was reduced (P<0.05) in all Pb 2+-treated animals in comparison with the controls. Conclusion: The results suggest that the changes in serum parameters associated with iron metabolism may play an important role in producing iron-related diseases.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1787-en.pdf
Lead
Iron
Copper
Transferrin
Ceruloplasmin
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
647
648
article
Are there any association between matrix Gla protein (MGP) as a calcium scavenger and coronary artery stenosis?
Abazar Roustazadeh
A-Roustazadeh@razi.tums.ac.ir
1
Mohammad Najafi
2
Abdollah Amirfarhangi
3
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Background: Matrix Gla protein chelates calcium ions from subendothelial space of the vessels to the circulation and is known to be a calcium scavenger. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the association of rs1800801G>A polymorphism, serum MGP and stenosis of coronary artery. Materials and Methods: One hundred and eighty-two subjects who underwent coronary angiography were recruited. The controls (n=70) had normal coronary arteries (up to 5% stenosis). The patients (n=112) subdivided into the three subgroups: single-vessel disease (SVD), two-vessel disease (2VD) and three-vessel disease (3VD). Genotyping was performed by ARMS-PCR and serum MGP measured by ELISA kit.Results: The serum MGP and genotype distributions showed no significant difference in the patients compared to the control group (P=0.432 and P=0.079, respectively). In addition, there was no significant difference between rs1800801G>A frequency and gender (P=0.404), and also patient subgroups (P=0.473). AA+AG versus GG showed no association with the severity of the disease. Conclusion: A (rs1800801) polymorphism within the MGP promoter and serum MGP are not related to the stenosis of coronary artery, and total serum MGP can not be used as a diagnostic factor of coronary stenosis.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1788-en.pdf
MGP
Coronary artery
Angiography
rs1800801
Stenosis
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
649
650
article
Study on the changes in milk Cl, Na and K concentrations during different ages of subclinical mastitic river buffaloes in Tabriz, Iran
Kavan Boustanchi
kavanboustanchi@yahoo.com
1
Behrad Eshratkhah
2
Islamic Azad University
Background: During subclinical mastitis many changes occur in milk composition such as in mineral concentration which has important role in diagnosis of this disease. In this study, variation of milk chloride, sodium and potassium concentrations was evaluated during different ages of subclinical mastitic river buffalo in Tabriz region, Iran.
Materials and Methods: A total of 580 milk samples were collected with hygienic situation from each quarter of approximately 150 river buffaloes at autumn. The samples were tested using the CMT and bacteriological culture and divided into the different groups according to the culture-positive and culture-negative results and also in age groups (< 3, 3-6 and > 3 years). In all the samples, the concentration of chloride was determined by Ion-selective electrode method and the sodium and potassium concentrations by the flame photometry method.
Results: There was a significant difference between culture-negative and-positive groups concerning all the studied parameters (P<0.05) and the chloride and sodium levels were higher and the potassium lower in the culture-positive group compared with another group, but their levels did not show a significant difference regarding the age groups.
Conclusion: Subclinical mastitis leads to an increase in the levels of chloride and sodium and a decreased potassium concentration in the buffalo milk. Therefore, determination of the aforementioned minerals can have an important role in the evaluation of milk quality and diagnosis of the disease in this species.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1789-en.pdf
Mastitis
Subclinical
Chloride
Sodium
Parsa Pardazotassium
Milk
River buffalo
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
651
652
article
Investigation of toxic and non-toxic hair trace elements in patients with breast cancer and benign breast diseases
Zeynab Kabiri
zeynabkabiri2009@gmail.com
1
Neda Gholizadeh
2
Omid Reza Kakuee
3
Mohsen Saleh-kotahi
4
vahid Changizi
5
vahid Fathollahi
6
Parvin Oliaiy
7
Omranipour
8
Toosi University of Technology
Background: Trace elements are essential for all life forms and play a vital role in human nutrition and biochemical functions. Epidemiologic studies suggest that trace element deficiency may be associated with increased risk of cancer. Materials and Methods: In this study, the levels of a number of the elements in scalp hair samples of 81 people (21 breast cancer patients, 50 people suffering from benign breast diseases and 10 healthy individuals) were measured by a PIXE analysis. Pellets of hair samples were prepared and bombarded by 2.2 MeV proton beam of a 3 MV Van de Graaff accelerator. Results: The concentrations of S, Cl, K, Ca, Fe and Cu in the hair of healthy individuals are in agreement with those observed in the hair of the benign breast disease and cancer patients within the standard deviations. There was a significant decrease in the mean total of Zn in scalp hair samples of the cancer patients compared to the control group. The average scalp hair concentrations of Pb, Br were higher in the benign breast disease and cancer patients than the healthy control. Conclusion: If the deficiency or excess of a particular trace element can be linked to the cancer of an organ, such studies can be initiated to see whether controlled administering of that elements would check the growth of cancer, which ultimately can pave the way for developing a new drug to be used in chemotherapy for cancer.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1790-en.pdf
PIXE
Breast cancer
Trace elements
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
653
654
article
Study on the relation between the levels of trace elements and minerals with cardiac ventricular rupture in rats
Fatemeh Khaki-khatibi
fatemeh.khakikhatibi@yahoo.com
1
Alireza Yaghoubi
2
Amir Mansoor Vatankhah
3
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Background: This study aimed to examine whether the copper-deficient rat might be a model for cardiac ventricular rupture in humans.Materials and Methods: Male weanling rats were fed diets that were adequate (5.7 mg/kg diet) or deficient (0.3 mg/kg diet) in copper for 49 days, and 24% of the copper- deficient rats died of cardiac rupture. The autopsy samples of heart and liver were obtained from rats who died of cardiac rupture or controls who died of noncardiac causes. Results: Trace element measurements indicated that organ copper concentration was reduced by copper-deficiency in rats, the manganese concentration in organs of copper- deficient rats was higher than that of the controls. Iron concentration was lower in the rats with the ruptured hearts and not different in the ruptured copper-deficient hearts compared to the controls and liver iron concentration was higher than controls in copper deficiency and was not different from controls in rats with cardiac rupture. Macromineral measurements indicated that: magnesium concentration was lower in ruptured hearts of copper-deficient rats than it was in their respective controls phosphorus was elevated in both sets of ruptured hearts, as was sodium and calcium concentration in ruptured hearts of copper-deficient rats was higher than in controls.Conclusion: The trace element changes, especially for copper, are not associated with cardiac rupture in rats, but similar macromineral changes associated with rupture in copper-deficient rats probably reflect the common endpoint of both conditions, tissue necrosis.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1791-en.pdf
Trace elements
Mineral
Rat
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
655
656
article
Catecholamine contents of different regions in the adult rat brain are altered following short and long-term exposures to Pb+2
Pedram Malekpouri
p.malekpouri@gmail.com
1
Minoo Moshtaghie
2
Mohammad Saeed-Zadeh
3
Manochehr Messripour
4
Ali Asghar Moshtaghie
5
Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
Background: Catecholamine is a group of neurotransmitters that is believed to be responsible for the normal function of animal brain. Physiological and behavioral changes of the human body have been reported due to the damage of the brain function following Lead exposure. Due to the assumption of Lead disposal in brain tissue with two years for its half-life, which results in alteration of brain function, the aim of this study was to investigate the ability of Lead to change the brain catecholamines during short and long-term studies. Materials and Methods: Rats were exposed daily to varying amounts of Lead and the catecholamine contents of cerebellum, mid-brain and brain cortex were determined. Results: Acute peritoneal administration of single dose of Lead as Lead acetate (260 µmol/kg) after 2h reduced (P<0.05) catecholamine levels of cerebellum, mid-brain and cortex part by 34.9%, 35.44% and 23.8%, respectively. The extension of experiment time to 5h, the significant (P<0.05) reductions were seen in catecholamine levels of mentioned regions of brain by 32.35%, 12.35% and 19.3%, respectively. Daily intraperitoneal administration of 10 µmol/kg Lead for 30 and 60 days reduced catecholamines levels of cerebellum (22.22% and 30.44%), mid-brain (12.48% and 26.27%) and brain cortex (11.58% and 26.7%), respectively. Conclusion: It can be concluded that brain dysfunction in Lead intoxicated rat occurred through the reduction in the catecholamine levels of different parts of brain. Therefore, Lead might be considered as a probable factor in causing neurological disease in Lead-exposed man.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1792-en.pdf
Lead
Catecholamine
Brain region
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
657
658
article
Evaluation of the biochemical factors and liver tissue changes in male rats intoxicated with Manganese
Narjes Tamaddon
nrstdn@gmail.com
1
Mohammad Hossein Razavian
2
Mohsen Eslami
3
Kashan Education Administration
Background: The relation of man with manganese-exposing jobs may cause manganism, a Parkinson-like disease. To find out if the manganese intoxication causes other effects in addition to the brain harms, in this study, histopathological changes and the liver biochemical factors of male Wistar manganic rats were analyzed. Materials and Methods: The study was on 10 adult male Wistar rats weighing 260-280g classified into the two groups of five, a control group and an experimental group, which received Salin and Manganese chloride respectively. Manganese chloride (8 mg/kg i.p.) was injected to intoxicate for 1 week. Serum for analyzing biochemical factors and the liver central lobe for histopathological evaluations were separated and passaging, formatting, slicing and hemotoxin-eosin coloring were all done on it. The tissue live photographs were taken by CMOS HDCE-10A digital camera and DN2 software and they were analyzed descriptively. Results: There was a significant increase in the levels of cholesterol and direct bilirubin in the experimental group compared with the control group. OT decreased in the experimental group and there was no significant change in PT, ALP but the coordination of PT on OT had an increase. This increment of enzyme coordination and bilirubin can be a representative for liver harms. Moreover, protein and globulin showed an unexpected increment in the experimental group as well as Albumin. Hepatocyte destruction in the experimental group was observed in histopathologic evaluations.Conclusion: Manganese intoxication can cause the liver and bilious harms and destruction of liver tissues.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1793-en.pdf
Histopathologic changes
Intoxication
Liver
Manganese
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
659
660
article
Evaluating of Nitrate removal by adsorption/Fe/H2O2 process from water: Kinetics and operation parameters
Behroz Karimi
karimibehroz@yahoo.com
1
Mohammad Sadegh Rajaei
2
Arak University of Medical Sciences
Background: Today, global concerns about nitrate in groundwater and its adverse impact on health have increased. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of Nitrate reduction by Fe/H2O2 process and adsorption on the activated carbon. Materials and Methods: In this experimental-laboratory study, Nitrate oxidation by the advanced oxidation process Fe°/FeІІ/FeШ/H2O2 at pH 2-10, contact time 10-90 min, Nitrate concentrations of 50-300 mg/L was considered. A spectrophotometer was used to measure Nitrate in the effluent.Results: Results showed that the optimal parameters in the Fenton process in order to remove nitrate include: pH 3 and the contact time 15 min. By applying these conditions, the Nitrate removal efficiency in the retention time (90 min), initial nitrate concentration in 100 mg/L, iron concentration 10 mg/L and pH 4 for FeШ، FeІІ، Fe°، FeІІ/Fe°/H2O2 and FeШ/Fe°/H2O2 were 10.5%, 27.6%, 36.5%, 62.3% and 74%, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results, it was determined that the corrective fenton process with zero iron nano-particles can effectively reduce Nitrate under optimal conditions and this method can be used for the removal of similar compounds. Moreover, it was determined that the use of iron compounds in the presence of hydrogen peroxide can have a desirable effect on the decomposition of Nitrate and this method can be used for the removal of similar compounds.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1794-en.pdf
Adsorption of Nitrate
Advanced oxidation process
Aqueous system
Iron compound
Nitrate reduction
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
661
662
article
Study on catalase activity in mice treated with nanosilver particles as a trace element consequent received alcoholic extract of Peganum harmala l
Samira Karam Sichani
samirakaramsichani@yahoo.com
1
Noshin Naghsh
2
Nematollah Razmi
3
Islamic Azad University
Background: An antiseptic property is one of the important properties of silver compounds. For this reason, it is widely produced and used in nano dimensions. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant effects of ethanolic extract of Peganum harmala L. on male mice treated with nanosilver particles. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on male mice weighing 25-30g. This study included 4 groups: a control group treated with distilled water, a group received 500ppm nanosilver particles and a group received distilled water and fed 20mg/kg/day alcoholic extract of Peganum harmala in 30 days. The last group was fed with an alcoholic extract of Peganum harmala orally and received nanosilver particles with the same dose. interperitoneal injections of nanosilver and distilled water were performed on 3 consecutive days at the beginning of the experiment. After the treatment period, blood sample was collected from the heart. The activity of catalase was determined. Results: Catalase activity decreased significantly in the nanosilver-treated group (P<0.001), but increased in the group received the alcoholic extract of Peganum harmala in comparison with the nanosilver-treated group (P<0.001). Conclusion: Antioxidant property of the alcoholic extract of Peganum harmala can be reduced the harmful effects of nanosilver particles.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1795-en.pdf
Nanosilver
Peganum harmala
Catalase and antioxidant
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
663
664
article
The effect of dermal exposure to Silver nanoparticles on the levels of the white and red blood cells in male rats
Zahra Amirkhanidehkordi
Zahra_amirkhani2012@yahoo.com
1
Nooshin Naghsh
2
Heidar Aqababa
3
Islamic Azad University
Background: Nanosilver is widely used in medical equipment. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Silver nanoparticles on WBC and RBC count in male rats. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was performed on 40 male Wistar rats. The experimental groups were exposed to different concentrations of Silver nanoparticles (50, 100, 200 and 400 ppm). The mean numbers of RBC and WBC count in the mice-treated and control groups at day 12th after the treatment were compared with each other. Results: Blood damage caused by a single dose of Silver nanoparticles was observed at 50 ppm RBC. According to the results of different studies, the impact will be temporary and will disappear within a month. No significant effects were observed in the other groups. Conclusion: According to the different studies, the lack of toxicity by nanoparticles, especially in in vivo, can be attributed to their quick removal by the reticuloendothelial system in the liver, spleen and lymph nodes and subsequent disposal of nanoparticles from the body.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1796-en.pdf
Nanotechnology
Silver nanoparticles
Red blood cells
Skin
Oxidative stress
rat
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
665
666
article
A comparative study of Iron, Zinc, Manganese, and Copper in Anethum graveolens L. and Trigonella foenum-graecum L. herbs
Mojtaba Entezari
mojtabaentezari@yahoo.com
1
Farzaneh Payravand
2
Islamic Azad University
Background: The role of trace elements in various biochemical processes inside the human body is vital and undeniable. New studies strictly emphasize the effect of life style and nutritional habits on the body health and improvement of public hygiene. This study aimed to compare the levels of Iron, Zinc, Manganese, and Copper in both herbs of Anethum graveolens L. and Trigonella foenum-graecum L. in daily diet. Materials and Methods: In this laboratory study, at first, the two fresh herbs of Anethum graveolens L. and Trigonella foenum-graecum L. were prepared and after the production of their wet ash, trace elements of Iron, Zinc, Manganese, and Copper were measured in both herbs. All of the measurements were performed using the atomic absorption spectroscopy against standard solutions of the four-mentioned elements. Results: Results from the measurements of the mentioned elements in the two herbs were according to the following: for Anethum graveolens L. [Iron (9.49), Copper (0.173), Manganese (1.31), and Zinc (1.311)] and for Trigonella foenum-graecum L. [Iron (2.24), Copper (0.255), Manganese (0.959), and Zinc (1.514)]. (Note: These numbers are based on mg in 100 g of fresh herb). Conclusion: Comparing the two herbs, except Manganese, the elements exist in Trigonella foenum-graecum L. more than Anethum graveolens L. Considering the values of these elements, Anethum graveolens L. and Trigonella foenum-graecum L. have high medical and chemical importance and their consumption in food for health maintenance is highly recommended.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1797-en.pdf
Anethum graveolens L.
Trigonella foenum-graecum L.
Iron
Zinc
Copper
Manganese
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
667
668
article
Evaluating the contamination of heavy metals in sediment of fish (Cyprinus carpio) from Anzali international wetland, Giulan
Hadi Babaei
babaeiha@yahoo.com
1
sayyed Hojat Khodaprast
2
International Research Inland Water Institute Bandar Anzali
Background: The pollution of aquatic ecosystems with heavy metals has always been a major concern for the aquatic organisms and human health. Measuring the levels of contaminants such as heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn) accumulated along the food chain (fish) and then transmitted to the human body is of particular interest. Materials and Methods: Heavy metals were evaluated by wet digestion for fish tissues using HNO3/ HCLO4 and also by wet digestion for sediment using the three acid mixture (HNO3, H2SO4, HCLO4). The extracts were determined using flame atomic absorption (FAAS).Results: The result showed that the different accumulation values for heavy metals in sediment, muscle and the liver tissues of Cyprinus carpio fish, while the mean concentration of the heavy metals for Zn were : 66.44±5.81, 23.45±3.06 , 27.32±4.27, Cu: 14.1±3.38, 2.71±1. 6, 4.94±3.39, Pb: 9.46±2.77, 0.97 ±1.25, 1.787±0.96, Cd: 1.98±0.71, 0.23 ±0.14, 0.436 ±0.36 (μg dry weight), respectively. Conclusion: The results indicate that metal accumulation in fish liver is higher than fish tissue and also the heavy metal concentrations in the tissues of most fish samples taken from Anzali wetland were significant. The levels of copper and zinc were lower than the standard levels of FAO, UK (MAFF), WHO, NHMRC, but Lead concentration exceed the standard level of WHO and Cadmium exceeds the standard level of FAO, NHRC.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1798-en.pdf
Anzali wetland
Heavy metal
Atomic absorption
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
669
670
article
Serum levels of Zinc and Copper in individuals with giardiasis
Zarebavani
zarebava@tums.ac.ir
1
Einollahi
2
Dashti
3
Mohebali
4
Rezaeian
5
Dargahi
6
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Background: Trace elements regulate the key metabolic pathways, modulate the immune response, and suppress the incidence of various diseases. The most important vital elements in human body are Copper and Zinc. Zinc is necessary for the immune system functions. Zinc deficiency is associated with acute diarrhea. Copper is essential for the production of red blood cells, hemoglobin formation and absorption of iron, and for the activity of various enzymes. However, the association between trace elements and giardiasis has rarely been investigated. The aim of this study was to measure the serum levels of Zinc and Copper in individuals with giardiasis in comparison with the normal subjects. Materials and Methods: Stool samples were collected in sterile clean stool cups from all volunteers. Examination of fecal samples for detection of Giardia cyst and/or trophozoite was carried out using the direct wet smear and formol-ether concentration method. Among these volunteers a total of 49 positive individuals for Giardia lamblia were enrolled as the study group. The control group consisted of 39 age and sex matched healthy volunteers. Serum was obtained from both groups and kept in-70 0 C freezer for biochemical laboratory examination. Zinc and Copper levels were measured by Diagnostics Kit and colorimetric endpoint-method. Results: Zinc levels in the study group was remarkably lower than the control group (P=0.001). In addition, there was a significant difference in serum copper levels between both groups (P=0.003). Conclusion: Giardiasis elevated the serum copper levels, while it decreased the serum zinc.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1799-en.pdf
Giardiasis
Trace elements
Zinc
Copper
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
671
672
article
Leaching of Aluminum from aluminum cook wares during cooking the Iranian foods
Tahereh Azam Ekrami
Ekrami.t@gmail.com
1
Mohammad Hasan Amini
2
Kazem Kargosha
3
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran
Background: The use of aluminum in everyday life leads to increasing in Aluminum consumption. Food stuffs are made from various chemical compounds. Therefore, an interaction between these compounds and the contact surface of aluminum cook wares during cooking process is possible. Aluminum has been blamed for several human diseases. According to the approval of Joint FAO/WHO expert committee on food additives, the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake of aluminum is 7 mg /kg body weight. This study was carried out to evaluate the leaching content of aluminum from new and used aluminum cook wares to three common Iranian foods. Materials and Methods: The selected foods were quince jam, rice and Gheimeh which cooked twice in a pyrex, new and used aluminum cookwares. Aluminum in cooked foods was determined by inductively coupled plasma after wet digestion with nitric acid and perchloric acid. The aluminum values in foods were reported in terms of wet and dry weight of the foods.Results: The leaching aluminum values were calculated by subtracting the aluminum content of foods cooked in the pyrex and the aluminum cookwares. The values for Gheimeh, jam and rice prepared in the new cookware were 20.72, 26.35 and 2.45, and for the used cook wares 23.59, 9.76 and 11.63 (mg/Kg dry weight), respectively. Conclusion: In case of the daily consumption of 100g of the mentioned foods which is prepared in aluminum cookwares, uptake of the metal aluminum is less than the internationally recommended (WHO) maximum permissible limits.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1800-en.pdf
Leaching
Aluminum
Cook wares
Iranian foods
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
673
674
article
Study on the levels of trace elements in the coastal waters of West Guilan and their effect on the Enterococcus. Faecium and E. faecalis in the waters of these areas
Hadis Kalantari Moghadam
Taraneh_kal@yahoo.com
1
Environmental Research Station
Background: Trace elements (heavy metals) due to their natural and industrial processes are increasingly found in microbial habitats. Enterococci, as the important human pathogens in both community and hospital infections, have shown exhibit intrinsic resistance to various antibiotics and antimicrobial agents. One of the contamination resources is the presence of the bacteria in bathing waters. Materials and Methods: During a year, this study was performed on 180 samples which collected in 15 prefectures in western regions of Guilan province (Astara, Talesh and port of Anzali). The samples were analyzed to evaluate the amount of heavy metals and the presence of resistant Enterococci to some heavy metals and then the parameters including dissolved oxygen, pH, phosphate and Nitrate contents were measured. Enumeration of bacteria performed with the MPN method. Confirmation of isolated Enterococcus spp. was carried out using the chemical and differential tests. In addition, amount of heavy metals in water samples determined by the atomic absorption method. The Microdilution broth technique was used to determine the susceptibility of isolated Enterococcus spp to the heavy metals (Fe, Pb, Co, Zn, Cr, and Cd).Results: Out of 180 samples, the presence of Enterococcus was confirmed in 135 cases (68 cases of E. faecium, 36 E. faecalis). Lead was the most common metal measured compared to the other heavy metals. All of the Enterococci strains showed the high-resistance level against Lead, Zinc and Ferrous. Conclusion: Heavy metals can enter into the environment through the different sources and cause an irreversible affect on different organisms. Based on the several studies, Enterococci are able to transfer the resistant genes to other opportunistic bacteria. Moreover, the bacteria that carry the genes resistant against metals can also develop resistance against antibiotics. Thus, the treatment of the infectious diseases can be more problematic and costly.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1801-en.pdf
Enterococcus
Trace elements
Coastal waters
MPN method
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
675
676
article
Determination of heavy metals in water and sediments of Amirkolayeh wetland (Guilan)
Sara Shahbazi
sarazshahbazi@yahoo.com
1
Jaleh Khoshkho
2
Hossein Khara
3
Hadi Babaei
4
Islamic Azad University
Background: Nowadays, an accumulation of heavy metals in the environment is one the most important consideration in the world. Heavy metals due to their chemical stability, low flexibility and power of bioaccumulation in the body organism are becoming quickly toxic pollutants. This study was carried out to determine the heavy metals (e.g. Cadmium, Copper, Zinc and Lead) in the water and sediments of Amirkolayeh wetland in Guilan from Winter 2010 to Spring 2011 then they were compared to global scales. Materials and Methods: Sampling was done at the three stations in Amir kolayeh wetland during Winter and Spring. At first, samples were dried by the wet methods and mixed acid then the chemical annualized were done. Concentrations of the heavy metals were determined by a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (FAAS).Results: Results showed that the mean concentrations of heavy metals in water for Cu, Pb, Cd and Zn were 0.394±0.078, 0.03±0.007, 0.011±0.003 and 0.517±0.09mg/l and in sediments were 9.256±1.65, 0.626±0.12, 0.59±0.31 and 44.35±7.44mg/g, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study reveal that the heavy metal accumulation increases during the Spring season. Also, the order of the heavy metal accumulation in water and sediment was Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd. On the other hand, the concentrations of heavy metals in water and sediment were lower than the allowable international standards.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1802-en.pdf
Heavy metal
Amirkolaye wetland
Atomic absorption
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
677
678
article
Minerals status in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Fatemeh Pourteymour Fard Tabrizi
fateme.pourteymour@gmail.com
1
Mahzad Mehrzad Sadaghiani
2
Beitollah Alipoor
3
Alireza Ostadrahimi
4
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), as the most prevalent endocrine disorder in reproductive-aged women, is associated with reproductive and metabolic abnormalities. Despite the large literature on the role of dietary composition in control of the metabolic disease, there is so little research on the mineral nutritional status of PCOS women. Thus, this study aimed to determine the serum concentrations of Chromium (Cr), Zinc (Zn) and Magnesium (Mg) in PCOS women in comparison with the healthy controls. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was carried out on 50 PCOS women and 50 healthy subjects within the age range of 20-45 years. Serum concentrations of Zn, Cr and Mg were estimated by a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer.Results: Subjects with PCOS had significantly lower serum concentrations of Zn, Cr and Mg as compared with the control group (P<0.05). In PCOS subjects, the serum glucose levels were negatively correlated with the serum concentrations of Zn (P<0.01), Cr (P<0.001) and Mg (P<0.02). Conclusion: Concentrations of the Zn, Cr and Mg serum were significantly lower in PCOS women compared to the healthy controls. Moreover, the altered Zn, Cr and Mg levels were related to the glycemic status.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1804-en.pdf
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Zinc
Chromium
Magnesium
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
679
680
article
The effect of Trientine and flaxseed oil on serum Copper and lipoproteins in diabetic rats
Esfandiar Heidarian
heidarian46@yahoo.com
1
Elham Pournajaf
2
Ali Rezaei
3
Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences
Background: Diabetes causes disorders in serum trace elements and lipoprotein metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of co-administration of trientine (Cu chelator agent) and flaxseed oil on serum copper and lipoproteins in diabetic rats.Materials and Methods: Rats were divided into five groups. Diabetes was induced in 4 groups. Group I received Trientine plus flaxseed oil, group II the standard diet plus Trientine, Group III flaxseed oil and group IV was a diabetic group without treatment. Group V received the standard diet as a control group. After 2 months, the serum Cu2+, TG, Chol, and HDL-C were determined.Results: In the Trientine plus flaxseed oil group, the serum TG and LDL significantly decreased (P<0.05) compared to the other groups. Also, the serum Chol in supplemented Trientine plus flaxseed oil group decreased (P<0.05) compared to the group which received the standard diet plus Trientine. HDL-C in group received standard diet plus Trientine significantly increased (P<0.05) compared to the other groups. In the group that received Trientine, the serum Cu2+ significantly decreased (P<0.05) compared to the other groups. Moreover, the serum Cu2+ in group received Trientine plus flaxseed oil significantly decreased (P<0.05) compared to the groups that received flaxseed oil and a diabetic group without treatment. In the flaxseed oil group, the serum Cu2+ significantly elevated (P0.05) compared to a diabetic group without treatment.Conclusion: The usage of Cu2+ chelator such as Trientine may reduce the side effects of Cu2+ in diabetes. Co-administration of flaxseed oil plus Trientine significantly reduced the serum of Cu2+ and biochemical parameters such as TG, TC, LDL-C, and Chol in diabetes.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1805-en.pdf
Diabetes
Serum Cu
Flaxseed oil
Serum lipids
Trientine
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
681
682
article
Effect of Cu nutrition on growth and essential oil content of salt-stressed rosemary plants
Majid Hejazi Mehrizi
mhejazi@uk.ac.ir
1
Vahid Reza Jalali
2
hahid Bahonar University of Kerman
Background: Rosemary is a medicinal plant exhibiting potential for natural antioxidants. Materials and Methods: In a glasshouse (soil culture) experiment, the effect of salt stress and copper nutrition on growth and essential oil of rosemary was investigated. Uniform cuttings of rosemary were exposed to three salinity levels (0, 50 and 100 mM NaCl) and two copper concentrations (0, 5 mg Cu kg-1 soil).Results: Salinity and Cu nutrition had a significant effect on the growth of rosemary. By increasing salinity of irrigation water from 0 to 50 and 100 mM NaCl, the growth of rosemary was decreased by 7% and 11%, respectively. The slight reduction in the growth of rosemary even at the highest salinity level (100 mM NaCl) indicating that rosemary is a relative salt-tolerant plant (Threshold EC= 8.0 dS m-1). Copper nutrition partly alleviated adverse effect of low and medium salinity levels (0 and 50 mM NaCl) on growth of rosemary. The results show that Cu nutrition improves or accelerates the adaptation of rosemary to salt stress. The interaction of salinity and Cu resulted in a significant increase in essential oil content of rosemary. Moderate salinity level (50 mM NaCl) induced a significant increase in essential oil content of rosemary. However, exposure of rosemary plants to 100 mM NaCl did not change essential oil content. At 0 and 50 mM NaCl treatment, oil content of rosemary was influenced by Cu while it remained unchanged at 100 mM NaCl. Conclusion: According to the results of the study, Cu had a positive impact on rosemary salt tolerance and its secondary metabolites production.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1806-en.pdf
Copper
Rosemary
Salt stress
Secondary metabolites
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
683
684
article
The effect of zinc on alcohol dehydrogenase activity
Arezo Tavakoli
a_tavakoli2003@yahoo.com
1
Inon Hamzah
2
Amir Rabu
3
University of Kebangsaan
Background: Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) which are belong to Oxidoreductase family, can convert alcohol to aldehyde. Several subunits exist in ADH is divided into two main groups including catalytic domain and coenzyme binding domain. The catalytic domain would be linked to zinc atom and the second zinc has a role in protein structure. This study aimed to examine the effect of zinc on the benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase (BADH) in Rhodococcus sp. Materials and Methods: The recombinant BADH was purified by NI-NTA column using AKTA prime. The biochemical characteristics of the protein were determined based on NAD-NADH reaction at 340 nm. The amino acid alignments and protein structure of BADH were evaluated. Results: The BADH has this potential to use many aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and benzyl alcohol as a substrate and convert them to benzaldehyde which was detected by Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrophotometry. The optimal activity of enzyme was obtained at Zinc concentration of 1.2 mM. The lack of Zinc (Zn2+) led to no BADH activity. At optimal temperature of 25°C and pH lower than 6.0, both activity and the amount of Zinc in BADH were decreased. Based on amino acid alignment, a metallo-structure was shown in the BADH and there were two zinc ion binds in each molecule as a cofactor. Conclusion: The BADH from Rhodococcus sp is a zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase, which is related to a diverse group of proteins such as mammalian ADH (class I), zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase and formaldehyde dehydrogenase.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1807-en.pdf
Alcohol dehydrogenase
Zinc
Catalytic domain
Enzyme activity
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
685
686
article
The effect of ω3 fatty acids supplementation on iron nutritional status in patients with gastric cancer during chemotherapy
Ali Nemati
ali.nemati@arums.ac.ir
1
Gholam Hosein Ettehad
2
Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
Background: Taking certain supplements in patients with gastric cancer may improve iron deficiency . This study aimed to examine the effects of ω 3 fatty acid intakes on iron intake status in patients with gastric cancer during chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: In this study, 30 adult volunteer patients (15 cases and 15 controls) with gastric cancer during chemotherapy were selected. Fasting blood samples were taken for measuring iron, TIBC and transferrin at the beginning, middle and end of the study . Supplementation of ω3 fatty acid for 3g (1.8 g EPA & 1.2 g DHA) and placebo were given for the intervention and control groups for one and a half months , respectively. Blood samples for biochemical measurements were repeated on days 30 and 45 days after the intervention . The 24 hour dietary recall for three days was taken from both groups . Results: The results showed that iron intake, and serum levels of transferrin and iron in the intervention group were significantly higher and serum levels of TIBC lower than the control group at the end of the study (P<0.05) . Conclusion : Results show that ω3 three fatty acids supplementation can improve the iron intake status in the gastric cancer patients during chemotherapy.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1809-en.pdf
Supplementation
ω3 fatty acid
Gastric cancer
Chemotherapy
Iron intake status
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
685
686
article
The effect of ω3 fatty acids supplementation on iron nutritional status in patients with gastric cancer during chemotherapy
Ali Nemati
ali.nemati@arums.ac.ir
1
Gholam Hosein Ettehad
2
Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
Background: Taking certain supplements in patients with gastric cancer may improve iron deficiency . This study aimed to examine the effects of ω 3 fatty acid intakes on iron intake status in patients with gastric cancer during chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: In this study, 30 adult volunteer patients (15 cases and 15 controls) with gastric cancer during chemotherapy were selected. Fasting blood samples were taken for measuring iron, TIBC and transferrin at the beginning, middle and end of the study . Supplementation of ω3 fatty acid for 3g (1.8 g EPA & 1.2 g DHA) and placebo were given for the intervention and control groups for one and a half months , respectively. Blood samples for biochemical measurements were repeated on days 30 and 45 days after the intervention . The 24 hour dietary recall for three days was taken from both groups. Results: The results showed that iron intake, and serum levels of transferrin and iron in the intervention group were significantly higher and serum levels of TIBC lower than the control group at the end of the study (P<0.05) . Conclusion: Results show that ω3 three fatty acids supplementation can improve the iron intake status in the gastric cancer patients during chemotherapy.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1808-en.pdf
Supplementation
ω3 fatty acid
Gastric cancer
Chemotherapy
Iron intake status
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
687
688
article
Effect of nanosilver on Alkalin phosphatase activity and liver tissue in male rats
Samaneh Khodadadi
sama_khodadadi@yahoo.com
1
Nooshin Naghsh
2
Air Masoud Mashayekh
3
Islamic Azad University
Background: Nowadays, nanotechnology has become a key word of public interest, and is a part of their daily life. Considering the extensive applications of nanosilver in our country and lack of detailed documentation on the toxicity of these nanoparticles, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nanosilver on the enzyme Alkalin phosphtase. Methods and Materials: In this study, 40 adult male Wistar rats were injected by 50,100,200 and 400 ppm of nanosilver. Then blood samples were collected and tissue samples from the liver prepared and studied using silver staining. Data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA. Results : Results showed that different concentrations of silver nanoparticles hah no significant effect on the Alkalin phosphatase (P=0.705) . Moreover, the tissue changes were seen in 400 PPm concentration of silver nanoparticles compared to the control group . Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the use of nanoparticle is safe for this enzyme in the above-mentioned condition. The histological changes were shown that nano silver in 400ppm concentration induced apoptosis in liver probability. Considering the physiological similarities between rats and humans , these results could be used in preventing the side effects of using appliances containing silver nanoparticles.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1810-en.pdf
Silver nanoparticle‚ Alkalin phosphatase‚ Liver tissue
Rat
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
689
690
article
Ultrastructural changes of Schwann cells and nerve fibers of rabbit cardiac ganglia after methyl mercury administration
Fereshteh Mehraein
femehra@yahoo.com
1
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Background: Mercury is a toxic element which for the first time its toxic effects were observed in newborns in Minimata (Japan) and it was called as Minimata syndrome. Signs of exposure include tremor, ataxia and paralysis. The regulation of cardiac function is dependent on cardiac ganglia which consisted of small cluster of schwann cells, nerve cells and fibers. In this study the morphology of schwann cells and nerve fibers of rabbit cardiac ganglia were studied after methyl mercury administration. Materials and Methods: Twenty male White New Zealand rabbits were equally divided into the control and experimental groups. The experimental group was given a daily intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of 4 mg/kg methyl mercury dissolved in distilled water for two weeks. The control group received only distilled water. At the end of the injection period, the two groups were anesthetized and perfused with Karnovsky solution. The atrial and ventricular fat pads were excised and fixed in Karnovsky solution. The ganglia were separated from the fat pads under the stereomicroscope and processed for EM.Results: The TEM observations showed that some schwann cells contained vacuoles in the cytoplasm and condensed chromatin in nucleus. The inclusion bodies were observed among the myelin layers of the nerve fibers. These results revealed that methyl mercury induces neuropathy in rabbit cardiac ganglia. Conclusion: The schwann cells and the myelin sheath of the nerve fibers in the rabbit cardiac ganglia undergoes degenerative changes after methyl mercury administration and the long term consequences of pathological changes affecting the ability of the ganglia.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1811-en.pdf
Nerve fibers
Schwann cells
Methyl mercury
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
691
692
article
Uptake and root-to-shoot transfer of cadmium in alfalfa from a soil treated with sewage sludge, municipal waste compost and cow manure
Masoumeh Sharifi
masume.sharifisedeh@ag.iut.ac.ir
1
Majid Afyuni
2
Amir Hosein Khoshgoftarmanesh
3
Isfahan University of Technology
Background: Cadmium ( Cd) is one of the most toxic heavy metals and is considered non-essential for living organisms . This metal is easily absorbed by plants and transported to the animal and human food chain. Organic residuals used as fertilizers or amendments in agricultural lands are the main sources of Cd in soil. It is important to study uptake and translocation of Cd by plants grown in Cd-contaminated soils. The purpose of this greenhouse study was to investigate the impact of sewage sludge, municipal waste compost and cow manure on uptake and root to shoot translocation of Cd in alfalfa. Materials and Methods: A completely randomized design with three treatments (sewage sludge, compost and cow manure applied at 25 Mg/ha) and three replicates was used. Alfalfa seedlings were harvested 60 days after planting and the uptake and translocation of Cd were measured in their shoot. Results: Results indicated that the greatest Cd uptake by alfalfa shoot was obtained in the compost treatment. The percentage of Cd translocated to the shoots of alfalfa in compost treatment was greater compared to the other treatments. Application of cow manure significantly decreased uptake and translocation of Cd. Conclusion: The results of this study reveal that the Cd source and plant species are important factors in evaluation of uptake and translocation of Cd to the edible parts of plants.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1812-en.pdf
Cadmium
Organic residuals
Alfalfa
Translocation factor
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
693
694
article
Selenium as an effective element for lung cancer prevention and treatment
Banafsheh Mashmouli
Bmashmouli@yahoo.com
1
Seyyedeh Fatemeh Abdollah Pouri Hosseini
2
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Background: Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers around the world and more than 80% of patients within 5 years of diagnosis lose their lives. Selenium is a micronutrient that known for its nature of the anti- viral , anti- cancer, and antioxidant. Selenium levels in its sources depend on soil and environment. Considering the anti- cancer properties of selenium, this study aimed to examine the relationship between selenium and lung cancer. Materials and Methods: Scopus, Pubmed, Google scholar and ScienceDirect databases were searched. Results: Selenium may be effective for lung cancer prevention among individuals with lower selenium status. Lower selenium level in lung tissues can be a potential risk factor for lung cancer. Selenium dioxide could significantly inhibit the growth of lung cancer cells through inducing apoptosis . Serum selenium level in lung cancer patients was inversely related to the stage of cancer, decreased with cancer progression and increased with disease remission. Conclusion: Our results show that dietary selenium intake is associated with reduced risk of lung cancer and as a natural product can be effective in the treatment and prevention of this disease. Selenium is suggested to be anticarcinogenic and play a role in the cellular defense against oxidative stress.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1813-en.pdf
Lung cancer
Selenium
Preventive diet
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
695
696
article
Apoptosis and anti-tumor activities of newly synthesized metal complexes
Fereshteh Nazari
sagharnazary@yahoo.com
1
Mohammad Shabani
2
Mojtaba Falahati
3
Islamic Azad University
Background: Since the discovery of the anti-tumor activity of cisplatin, medicinal chemists have synthesized a wide range of metal complexes and examined their potential application toward anti-tumor activity both in vitro and in vivo. Although the metal-complexes show a marvelous effect on current cancer therapy, they are hampered by various side effects, resistance phenomena and limitation in different types of cancer treatments. The current study was designed to investigate the possible anti-tumor and apoptotic activity of metal complexes containing Pt, Pd, Co, Ni. Materials and Methods: In this study, four metal complexes containing Pt, Pd, Co, Ni were synthesized and applied on (PC12) cancer cells using different concentrations and the MTT and LDH methods were performed to determine apoptosis. Results: The results demonstrated that Pt (IC50=4.9 µM) substituted complexes were more active than other derivatives such as Pd (IC50=6.5 µM), Ni (IC50=39.5 µM) and Cu (IC50=64.3 µM). However, all these complexes showed LDH and apoptotic activity. Moreover, LDH release was concentration-dependent 200 µM concentration of Pt, Pd, Co, Ni caused 94%, 84%, 64% and 55% LDH release, respectively. Conclusion: The nature and position of the substituents and the bridging group on the metal ligands play crucial roles in determining the anti-cancer activities of newly synthesized complexes.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1814-en.pdf
Anti-tumour
Apoptosis
Metal complex
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
697
698
article
Cadmium as a carcinogen
Azadeh Saremi
azi.saremi@yahoo.com
1
Islamic َAzad University
Background: Cadmium is a dangerous and toxic metal in the environment and is found in the earth's shell. This element has a negative impact on different tissues. The aim of the present study was to review the amount of Cadmium in foods and its effect on human health and providing preventive strategies.Materials and Methods: This review was done by a non-systematic search of the available databases (e.g. Google search engine). Results: Findings reveal that Cadmium is found in earth shell and sea water, and exposure to it results in some diseases and sterility. Conclusion: Having a Cadmium-free regimen can prevent the disease or its progression. Fruits and vegetables grown in cultivating lands near the Zinc mines and contaminated with Cadmium, may cause diseases like cancer. Moreover, the fish bred in contaminated sea also can be poisonous for human.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1815-en.pdf
Cadmium
Estrogen hormone
Toxic metals
Cancer
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
699
700
article
A review on essential and non-essential trace elements for fish and damages caused by these toxic elements
Abdolhosein Jangaran-Nejad
abdolhossein.jangaran@gmail.com
1
Atefeh Ashtari
2
Shahid Chamran University
Background: Aquatic animals require different minerals and elements for their normal life processes. Elements are broadly classified into two groups including macro-elements and micro-elements. Trace elements are part of micro-elements and are divided into the essential trace elements and non-essential trace elements. The essential trace elements are necessary for life , but are toxic in high dose, whereas non-essential trace elements can cause toxicity even in low dose . Essential trace elements are components of the skeletal structure, maintenance of the colloidal systems (osmotic pressure, viscosity, diffusion) and regulation of acid–base equilibrium as well as important components of hormones, enzymes, enzyme activators and are involved in a wide range of cellular (e.g. oxygen transport, respiration, enzyme activity) and physiological (e.g. growth, reproduction, vision, immunity) processes of fish. Materials and Methods: Databases of ScienceDirect and Fish Diseases and Disorders were searched. Results: Unlike most terrestrial animals, aquatic organisms absorbed inorganic elements which the elements may increase as a result of environmental contamination by human or in order to water treatment with drug. An excessive intake of minerals through either the diet or gill uptake can cause toxicity and in addition to fish can cause problems for human and animals that feed from these fish. Conclusion : Therefore, a fine balance between the mineral deficiency and surplus is vital for aquatic organisms to maintain their homeostasis through either increased absorption or increased excretion.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1816-en.pdf
Trace elements
Toxicity
Fish
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
701
702
article
The effect of Lead on coagulation and fibrinolysis in vitro
Fahimeh Danesh-Pouya
f_daneshpouya@hotmail.com
1
Bemanali Jalali Khan-Abadi
2
Javad Zavar-Reza
3
Shahid Sadoghi University of Medical Sciences
Background: Lead pollution is produced by industrial processes and smoke emitted by vehicles. It negatively affects the physiological processes such as hematopoietic system, immune system, kidney and the nervous system. However, its mechanism on blood parameters is not yet known. This study aimed to analyze the effect of Lead on coagulation and fibrinolysis in healthy subjects in vitro. Materials and Methods: In this study, 0.5, 1, 4, and 5 µ M of Lead acetate were added to plasma citrate . It was incubated at 37 ° C for 24 hours. Then, coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters were analyzed by adding Phosphate buffer, Calcium chloride, and Streptokinase enzyme applying turbidimetric procedure at 405nm. Results: The following results were achieved by comparing the control group with 0.5, 1, 4, and 5 µ M of Lead acetate, respectively: The total coagulation time is (823±42.40), (753±38.30), (742±46.42), (731±54.58), (716 ±59.83), lysis maximum velocity (0.144±0.011), (0.128±0.004), (0.111±0.004), (0.105±0.003), (0.097±0.017), and the total lysis time except 0.5 µ M (342±26.37), (424±18.40), (460±19.20), (476±23.12) which changed significantly (P<0.05), and lag time of fibrinolysis, halftime lysis, coagulation maximum velocity increased and delay coagulation time decreased, but were not significant (P >0.05). Conclusion: The shortening of coagulation duration and fibrinolysis extension in the presence of high concentrations of Lead can be a reason for cardiovascular diseases in people exposed to Lead.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1817-en.pdf
Lead
Coagulation
Fibrinolysis
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
703
704
article
Comparing an antioxidant effect of Peganum.harmala and nanosilver particles on glutathione peroxidase activity in male mice
Samira Karam Sichani
1
Nooshin Naghsh
2
Nematollah Razmi
3
Islamic Azad University
Background: Silver nanoparticle has motility and absorption more than the other nanoparticles in different tissue. In red blood cells and other tissue, glutathione peroxidase protects hemoglobin oxidation and peroxidation of membrane lipid against peroxidation. The aim of this study was to compare the antioxidant effect of Peganum.harmala and nanosilver particles on glutathione peroxidase activity in mice. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on male mice weighing 25-30 g. This study included 4 groups: a control group received distilled water, a group received 500ppm nanosilver particles, a group received distilled water and fed 20mg/kg/day ethanolic extract of Peganum harmala in 30 days and the last group was fed with an ethanolic extract of Peganum harmala orally and received nanosilver particles with the same dose. Intraperitoneal injections of nanosilver and distilled water were performed on 3 consecutive days at the beginning of the experiment. After the treatment period, blood sample was collected from the heart. Finally, a Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was determined in red blood cells. Results: Results of this study indicate that the glutathione peroxidase activity increased in mice treated with ethanolic extraction of Peganum harmala and nanosilver particles in comparison with the group treated with nanosilver particles (P<0.001). Conclusion: Glutathione peroxidase increased significantly in the group receiving the Peganum harmala.L. It seems that Peganum harmala has antioxidant effect that can prevent damage from free radicals nanosilver particles in red blood cell membrane.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1818-en.pdf
Nanosilver
Peganum harmala
Glutathione peroxidase
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
705
706
article
Comparing the atomic absorption spectrophotometery and photometery methods in the serum Magnesium measurements
Poneh Mokarram
1
Hajar Jaberi
jaberiehajar@yahoo.com
2
Zahra Khoshdel
3
Behnoosh Miladpour
4
Fatemeh Ramezani
5
Mohammad Ali Fahmidehkar
6
Bahram Movahedi
7
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Background: Gold standard method for the measurement of Magnesium is the atomic absorption spectrophotometery. Studies are shown that Magnesium concentration can also be measured by photometric assay. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the two methods for Magnesium measurement in the patient’s serum. Materials and Methods: Forty diabetic patients (10 men and 30 female) participated in this study. Mean age of the patients was 52.52±4.88. Magnesium was measured in serum by the atomic absorption spectrophotometric and photometric methods (Pars Azmun Kit, using Xylidyl Blue, wave length=546 nm) and then the results were compared. Results: The mean values for the photometric and spectrophotometric methods were 3.03±0.82 and 3.07±0.42, respectively. No significant difference was seen between the two methods (P=0.7). Conclusion: Considering the lower cost and accessibility of using the photometric method, this method, as a reliable method, can be recommended to measure the level of Magnesium.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1819-en.pdf
Magnesium
Photometery
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
707
708
article
Evaluating blood concentrations of trace elements Zinc, Copper, Selenium, Aluminium and Lead among dialysis patients in Ahwaz, 2012
Mohammad Taha Jalali
1
Abdolrahim Absalan
abdorrahim.absalan@modares.ac.ir
2
Farideh Mastipour
3
Heshmatollah Shahbazian
4
Gholam Abbas Kaydani
5
Ahmad Nasimian
6
Alireza Mohseni
7
Tarbiat Modares University
Background: Heavy metal storage and essential elements deficiency account as the important problems in the dialysis patients. Geological and folklore diversity in different ethnic groups around the country may impact the heavy metals poisoning or trace elements deficiency. The aim of this study was to compare the blood concentrations of 5 trace elements between dialysis patients and their matched normal control volunteers.Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 33 dialysis patients (selected from a university hospital in Ahwaz) and 33 normal volunteers. All trace elements were assayed in serum samples except Lead (whole blood) using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Data were analyzed and compared. Results: the mean age of subjects (35 male and 31 female) were not significantly different (matched populations). Trace element concentrations in the case and control groups for Zinc was 86.35±12.9 and 80.8±11.7 (P=0.075), Copper 75.038±16.47 and 69.84±12.99 (P=0.020), Selenium 10.71±1.49 and 10.15±1.17 (P=0.098), Aluminium 0.58±0.25 and 0.34±0.24 (P=0.000), Magnesium 0.328±0.06 and 0.207±0.03 (P=0.000) and for Lead 2.714±0.64 and 1.67±0.68 (P=0.000) (µg/dl for all), respectively. Lead quantities were higher than the allowable range in the dialysis patients. Conclusion: Dialysis patients had higher concentrations of Magnesium, Aluminium and Lead in comparison with the normal controls. Furthermore, Aluminium poisoning should be avoided in such patients because of the mean serum Aluminum levels is close to the high normal range.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1820-en.pdf
Dialysis
Trace elements
Normal range
Poisoning
Heavy metals
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
709
710
article
Trace element disturbances in pancreatic cancer
Mohammad Amin Ahmadi-Faghih
mahmadi@aeoi.org.ir
1
Leila Farzin
2
Fattaneh Sajjadi
3
Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI)
Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is still a major health problem worldwide. Little is known about the etiology of pancreatic cancer as an important cause of cancer mortality in developed countries. Materials and Methods: In this study, we measured the serum Zn, Se, Cu and Cd levels of PC patients compared to healthy subjects from the same region in Iran, using atomic absorption spectrometry . We have also examined the contributions of age, sex and smoking status to overall risk for PC. Results: In this case-control study, a significant difference in both Zn and Cd levels was observed between PC and control group (P<0.001 and P<0.0001, respectively). Zn level in Pc cases was 63.12 ±26.45 μg/dL and this value was found statistically lower compared to the controls ( 107 .05± 30.23 μg/dl). The mean concentration of Cd in patients ( 3.10 ±1.05 μg/l) was higher than the healthy subjects ( 1.52±0.88 μg/l). Moreover, no significant difference was observed for Se and Cu between the two groups (P>0.05). Taking into consideration the sex of the subjects, a significant decrease in serum Zn levels of PC patients was observed in females compared to males (P<0.01). Conclusion: We found that Cd is a plausible pancreatic carcinogen . In addition, a significant relationship between Zn metabolism and PC is suggested.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1821-en.pdf
Trace elements
Pancreatic cancer
Atomic absorption spectrometry
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
711
712
article
The relationship between Zinc and diabetes
Naghmeh Zhalehjoo
1
Abbas Ali Palizban
Palizban@pharm.mui.ac.ir
2
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
Background: Zinc as an essential trace element has many biological roles in human and its deficiency can lead to many diseases. Different studies show a link between impaired Zinc homostasis and a pathophysiological role in diabetes due to catalytic, structural and regulatory effects of this element. So, to understand the role of Zinc in diabetes, we did a systematic review on the relationship of Zinc status and its effect on diabetes. Materials and Methods : In order to study the association between the altered Zinc homeostasis and diabetes, we did a systematic search in Pubmed and Scopus database using the 'Zinc' and 'Diabetes' keywords. Results: There is a relationship between the Zinc and the storage, secretion, and the action of insulin. Also, polymorphisms of Zinc transporter ZnT8 (a controller of insulin secretion) that located on insulin secretory granules membrane may play a role in diabetes and represents a new therapeutic target for this patients. Furthermore, there are biochemical and genetic evidences on the defect of Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), a Zn-dependent endopeptidase, in the pathogenesis of diabetes. In addition, some diabetic complications may be related to increased oxidants and free radicals due to decreases in Zn and in Zn-dependent antioxidant enzymes. Conclusion: Assessing the Zinc status in diabetic patients and the treatment of possible Zinc deficiency by Zinc supplementation can have significant therapeutic effects. Also, molecular researches on ZnT8, as a novel autoantigen, can provide a strategy for the early diagnosis and treatment of diabetes.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1822-en.pdf
Zinc
Diabetes
Insulin
Zinc transporter
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
713
714
article
Evaluation of Silver nitrate effect on horseradish peroxidase enzyme
Neda Tarbali
ntarbali@yahoo.com
1
Maedeh Bahavar
2
Nahid Einollahi
3
Fariba Nabatchian
4
Kharazmi University
Background: Silver is one of the heavy metals in environment and it,s amount in the earth shell is about 0.1 g per ton. Several studies have proven silver nitrate can produce ROS (oxygen reactive species) and harm cells through a variety of mechanisms including interactions with enzymes and proteins sulphydryl groups. Major sources of Silver in surface waters is natural leaching, human activities, such as mining, manufacture of silverware and jewellery, photografic manufacturing and processing which can elevate silver levels in aquatic environments. Materials and Methods: In This study horseradish peroxidase (HRP) activity was determinded under steady-state kinetic conditions. Incubation of the enzyme with 1-100mM silver nitrate for 1-60 min in room temperature resulted in dual effects. Results: Progressive inhibition of the enzymatic activity was observed after 30-60 min enzyme incubation with 0.05-100 mM of Ag+. After 30 and 60 min incubation time, enzyme inhibition was (35-60%) and (55-96%), respectively. However, in low concentrations of Ag+ (0.05mM ) and 15min incubation, reverse effects was observed and enzyme activity was increased up to 14/7μM/ s. Conclusion: Results indicated that the effect of AgNo3 on HRP is time-and concentration- dependent.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1823-en.pdf
Horseradish peroxidase enzyme
Ros
Silver nitrate
Enzyme inhibition
O-dianisidine
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
715
716
article
Effect of Florid on the metabolism of serum Iron-related parameters in rat
Minoo Moshtaghie
m_moshtaghie@yahoo.com
1
Elham Moshtaghie
2
Jahanshah Mahdavi
3
Hosein Pourmoghadas
4
Islamic Azad University
Background: Nowadays the extra amounts of some elements above the standard level can affect the human health among them are Florid that is used in toothpaste. The aim of this study was to study the effect of Florid on Iron metabolism in rat for short and long terms. Materials and Methods: Florid (100, 200 and 300 ppm) was added to the rat drinking water. One control group is also selected with no florid in the drinking water. This study was undertaken in different time periods (5-88 days). After the decapitation, blood samples were collected for further experiments. Some parameters related to Iron metabolism were measured using laboratory standard methods. Results: Results indicate that, in short term, no significant difference was seen between the control and experimental groups. In the second time period (22 days), a significant difference was seen between the control and other groups. Finally, in the third group (44 and 88 days Florid) the decreasing of hematocrit level up to 10-12 percent was obtained. Elevation in serum TIBC and reduction in serum iron and also copper was seen. Conclusion: It is concluded that the extra consumption of Florid in toothpaste may cause damage to iron related parameters when it used for long period of time.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1824-en.pdf
Florid
Iron
Metabolism
TIBC
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
717
718
article
A review on the application of two microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris, Spirulina platenesis) as biofilters to eliminate heavy metals from industrial waste water
Mohammad Azizkhani
Azizkhani.mohamad@gmail.com
1
Masoud Baghestani
2
Hoda Bagheri
3
Mozhdeh Nikmanesh
4
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Background: Eliminating heavy metal compounds from industrial waste water has been a critical matter through years. Although such metals (e.g. Mercury, Cadmium and Nickel) have specific functions in particular industries, they will be dangerous and will be considered pollutants if they enter the environment and affect the ambient ecosystem. Many researches were conducted to eliminate these compounds. The aim of this study was to present an efficient and cost-effective method to absorb heavy metal ions using two microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris, Spirulina platenesis). This method is much more economical compared to mesoporous materials and other nano-adsorbents. Materials and Methods: The academic databases of Scopus and Elsevier were searched. Results: In this method, heavy metal compounds and ions make some bonds and physical adsorption to the microalgae's cell walls and some other cell ingredients get eliminated from the whole waste water. While the biomass in this process is important, the viability is not. Moreover, diluting the waste water can increase the elimination process yield. The two blue-green algaes have many functions like food production, pharmaceuticals and medicine that must have been produced under sterile condition in closed bioreactors, but for this function we can produced the biomass in open pounds next to the factories. Conclusion: Considering the dangers and serious pollutions that heavy metals can make for human beings potentially, and their entrance to the environment, filtaration of industrial waste water that carry heavy metals are inevitable. Eliminating these metals from the waste water matrix is important. Using these two microalages can be effective for the purpose of physical adsorption and the formation of bonds with metal compounds which makes a cost-effective and efficient filtration.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1825-en.pdf
Spirulina
Chlorella
Biofilters
Heavy metals
Wastewater
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
719
720
article
Evaluating the role of industrial sludge as a source of heavy metal pollution
Ansareh Salehi
asalehi_iut@yahoo.com
1
Norollah Mirghaffari
2
Hasan Koohnejad
3
Farshad Mahmoudi
4
Isfahan University of Technology
Background: Considering a water shortage crisis, wastewater treatment is essential. One of the most widely used methods of sewage treatment is the activated sludge method. Using this method in wastewater treatment plants produced a lot of sludge. Due to the fertility properties of sludge and its use in agriculture, land reclamation, silviculture and the existence of some heavy metals in sludge and their adverse effects on the soil, groundwater, plants and human beings, evaluation of the heavy metals concentrations is needed. Materials and Methods: In this study, the concentrations of heavy metals in sludge of wastewater treatment unit in Kaveh industrial city were investigated. Concentrations of Zinc, Chromium, Cadmium, Nickel, Iron, Copper, Lead, Manganese, and Arsenic in the sludge of both the secondary settling tank and thickening tank were determined. Results: Concentrations of heavy metals were compared with the standard regulations, 40CFR Part 503 environmental protection agency regulations, to determine the levels of these elements and the results showed that the concentration of Lead was higher than the standard limit. Conclusion: The high lead levels in sludge restrict its use as a fertilizer for agriculture.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1826-en.pdf
Sewage sludge
Wastewater Treatment unit of Kaveh industrial city
Heavy metals
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
721
722
article
Removal of toxic heavy metals: natural products َas biosorbents
Maryam Mazaheri-Tehrani
mmazaheri@aeoi.org.ir
1
Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI)
Background: Industrial effluents loaded with heavy metals are a cause of seirous hazards to human and other forms of life. However, conventional methods such as precipitation, ion exchange, electrodialysis, etc. used for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater, are often cost prohibitive having inadequate efficiencies at low metal ion concentration. Biosorption can be considered as an alternative technology which has been proved as more efficient and economical for the removal of heavy metals from the industrial wastewater. This study aimed to review the use of some natural biosorbents for removing toxic heavy metals from water and wastewater. Materials and Methods: In this research different biosorbents were used. Biosorbents were ground and sieved into size 250-500 µm. The samples were analyzed using various methods for the determination of metal ions concentration. Results: The biosorption of metals such as copper, zinc, lead, iron and cadmium by coffee beans showed that all metals were adsorbed at low pH 3-5. The absorption capacity of egg shell (160 mg/g) for Cr (III) was reported. Conclusion: The recent survey shows the potential use of natural products such as tea leaves, tea waste, rice husk, orange peel, coffee seeds, wheat stem, egg sell, etc., as biosorbents for removing heavy metals from aqueous solutions. Mathematical modelings are also helpful for biosorption process optimization.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1827-en.pdf
Pollution
Industrial effluent
Toxic heavy metals
Natural products
Biosorption
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
723
724
article
Serum levels of Zinc and Copper in patients with newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia
Mohammad Amin Ahmadi-Faghih
mahmadi@aeoi.org.ir
1
Leila Farzin
2
Fattaneh Sajjadi
3
Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI)
Background: The blood serum levels of Zinc (Zn) and Copper (Cu) in malignant cancers has been the subject of a multitude of investigations. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a form of leukemia characterized by the increased and unregulated growth of predominantly myeloid cells in the bone marrow and the accumulation of these cells in the blood. Materials and Methods: To evaluate the effect of some trace elements (Zn and Cu) on leukemia etiology and diagnosis, the atomic absorption spectrometry was used to estimate the concentrations of the trace elements in 96 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia and 100 controls. The newly diagnosed patients were selected from the different hospitals in Tehran province between February 2010 and August 2011. Results: There was a significant difference in the mean concentration of Zn between the case and control groups (P<0.001), while no significant difference was seen in the mean concentration of Cu between the two groups (P>0.05). Zinc level in leukemia cases (53.19 ±20.15 μg/dL) was lower compared to the controls ( 101 .17± 35.08 μg/dl). Moreover, women had lower serum zinc levels than Men (P<0.01). Conclusion: Trace elements were involved in the protection against oxidative stress in cells. Oxidation can lead to the formation of free radicals that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of leukemia.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1828-en.pdf
Zinc
Copper
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
725
726
article
Application of Spirulina algae as a food supplementation in the zinc fortification of bread
Masoud Baghestani
masudbaghestani@yahoo.com
1
Mohammad Azizkhani
2
Zeynab Bagheri
3
Alborz Boustani
4
Hoda Nikmanesh
5
Maryam Safabakhsh
6
Reza Najafi
7
Motahhareh Baghestani
8
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Background: Zinc is the second only to iron among trace elements in the human body. Approximately 48% of the people worldwide suffer from the zinc deficiency disorders, such as hypogonadism, hypospermia, growth retardation, immune deficiencies. Routinely, the use of food supplementation in daily regiments is common. Use of sea foods as one of the richest source of supplementaries, persuade us to exploit it. Materials and Methods: Academic scientific databases (e.g. Scopus and Elsevier) were researched. Results: A green single-cell algae "Spirulina" is one of these sources. Nowadays this algae has its top position among other microalgae for the production and consumption by man. In addition, Spirulina has 8 essential amino acids and various vitamins (e.g. A,E,C,B1,B2,B6,B12,biotin) and minerals such as Fe, Ca, Mg, Zn. Furthermore this sea source has essential fatty acids such as Omega 6 and Omega 9. Presence of these compounds in Spirulina algae is its unique characteristic comparing to other supplements. Furthermore, this algae has various therapeutic benefits such as amplifying an immunity system, excretion of heavy metals, aiding the food digestion, ulcer repair, improving vision. Conclusion: According to the food pyramid among the cereal products, we choose bread for this fortifying purpose. This bread was prepared in two colors. We inspected and examined this product under laboratorial assessment which proved our hypotheses.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1829-en.pdf
Spirulina algae
Fortification
Bread
Nutritional value
Food pyramid
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
727
728
article
Zinc deficiency and its inherited disorders
Shabnam Pirooty
spirooty@yahoo.com
1
Mohammad Ghasemzadeh
2
Islamic Azad University
Background: Zinc is an essential trace element required by all living organisms because of its vital role both as a structural component of proteins and as a cofactor in enzymatic catalysis. The importance of zinc in human metabolism characterized by the effects of zinc deficiency, include a diminished immune response, retarded healing and neurological disorders. This study aimed to review the effects of zinc deficiency in onset of inherited disorders.Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search was done in academic databases (e.g. Pubmed) Results: While zinc deficiency is commonly caused by dietary factors, several inherited defects of zinc metabolism have been identified. Acrodermatitis enteropathica is the most commonly described inherited condition found in humans. According to some reports, this disorder is associated with mutations in the hZIP4 gene. Another inherited form of zinc deficiency occurs in the lethal milk mouse syndrome, where a mutation in ZnT4 gene, a member of the SLC30 family of transmembrane proteins results in impaired secretion of zinc from the mammary gland into milk. A similar disorder to the lethal milk mouse occurs in humans.Conclusion: The presence of several minor phenotypic differences between the zinc deficiency in humans and mice suggests that the human condition is caused by defects in genes that are yet to be identified. Taking into account the fact that there are no definitive tests for zinc deficiency detection and that this disorder can left undiagnosed, it is likely that mutations in other genes may underlie additional inherited disorders of zinc deficiency.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1830-en.pdf
Zinc deficiency
Inherited disorders
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
729
730
article
Serum-Selenium level in patients with Down\'s syndrome using the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy
Mojtaba Amiri
M.amiri60@gmail.com
1
Atomic Energy Organization of Iran
Background: In recent years, the need for more accurate determination of trace elements has been increasing in biological research. This study aimed to compare the serum-Selenium level in patients with Down's syndrome (DS) and the healthy control group. Materials and Methods: In this study, the quality control samples were determined using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GF-AAS) in both the patients and control group. Results: Down syndrome patients showed lower level of selenium in serum (74.2 ± 1.47 µg L-1) compared to that of the healthy control group (84.7 ± 1.63 µg L-1). The mean difference of both groups (t= 3.15) was statistically significant (P<0.001) suggesting that the patients has a decreased serum-Selenium level compared to the healthy group. Conclusion: Results of this study indicate that selenium plays an important role in the pathogenesis of DS patients. The calibration curve was linear in a concentration range of 5-40 µg L-1 (R2 > 0.999) with the detection limit of 0.6 µg L-1 level. An acceptable reproducibility (< 3.50%) and good recoveries between 95-98 % were obtained. Reference material was used for method validation.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1831-en.pdf
Serum-Selenium level
Downs syndrome
Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
731
732
article
The role of elements in the treatment of eye disorders
Elaheh Shams
e.shams88@yahoo.com
1
Nasrin Yazdanpanahi
2
Sara Ganji
3
Farzaneh Atrian
4
Islamic Azad University
Background: Three main eye disorders are glaucoma, cataract and age-related macular degeneration. Glaucoma is a progressive, irreversible disease and the second cause of blindness worldwide. This disease involves abnormally high pressure of the fluid inside the eye, which, if left untreated, can result in damage to the optic nerve and vision loss. Cataract is a clouding that develops in the crystalline lens of the eye or in its envelope (lens capsule), results in slight to complete opacity and obstructing the passage of light. Age-related macular degeneration is associated with formation of new blood vessels and leads to vision impairment. Results: Because of the irreversible outcome of eye disease, early treatment of these diseases is very important. Therefore, many attempts are done to find the effective and early treatments (current treatments include eye drops, tablets, laser and other surgery). Surgical treatment is not a cost- and time- effective and associated with many negative side effects. Conclusion: Using elements and materials such as Cerium, inhibitors of Magnesium and Calcium and construction of nano-polymers with organic materials, such as polylactic acid, polylactic/glycolic acid, Hyaluronic acid and acrylic acid can help in treatment of abovementioned disorders. In the present study, at first glaucoma, its causes, role of genetics and then the treatment methods and mechanisms of drugs impact for the disease were reviewed and some drugs were compared with each other.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1832-en.pdf
Elements
Nanoparticles
Eye
Glaucoma
Cataract
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
733
734
article
A review of studies on the importance of Zinc on biological systems
Sayyed Ali Asghar Moshtaghie
moshtaghie@pharm.mui.ac.ir
1
Islamic Azad University
Background: Zinc is one of the most important trace elements in the biological systems. It involves in the activities of more than 300 enzymes (e.g. lactic dehydrogenase, carbonic anhydrase, alkaline phosphatase). Biological activities of Zinc include cell development, production of sex and growth hormones and skin structure.Materials and Methods: during last decades, we have done serial research projects with zinc and its protective effect on other toxic elements, which have been published in international journals.Results: we have found that this element may bind to transferrin during blood circulation and cause anemia as key indicator in man who intoxicated with this element, and the production of Zinc-protoporphyrin could be observed due to Zinc toxicity. The protective effect of zinc on cadmium-induced changes in thyroid, parathyroid and bone functions are shown in lab animal treated by Zinc. Conclusions: frequent determination of Zinc in serum may be helpful for our body health.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1833-en.pdf
Zinc
Biological systems
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
735
736
article
Effect of Silver nanoparticles on plasma and renal tissue of urea, creatine and uricacid changes in male rats
Samaneh Khodadadi
sama_khodadadi@yahoo.com
1
Nooshin Naghsh
2
Amir Masoud Mashayekh
3
Islamic Azad University
Background: The anti-bacterial property of silver nanoparticles has been led to increasing use of nanoparticles in medicine, appliances and electronic products. The aim of this study was to assess renal injury using sensitive biomarkers for kidney damage.Materials and Methods: In this study, 40 adult male Wistar rats were injected by nanosilver (50, 100, 200 and 400ppm). Then blood samples were collected and tissue samples from the liver were prepared and studied with silver staining. ANOVA with a P<0.05 was considered for analysis of data. Results: Results showed that different concentrations of urea (P=0.867), creatine (P=0.279) and uric acid (P=0.999) silver nanoparticles on the rate of change has no significant impact. The histological changes in 400 PPm dose of silver nanoparticles can be seen compared with the control group, which probably reflects histological changes in the kidney. Conclusion: Due to the increased use of products containing nanosilver and for the generalization of the findings of this study can be used in the medical field.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1834-en.pdf
Silver nanoparticles
Urea
Creatine
Uric acid
Kidney tissue
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
737
738
article
Determining the effect of trace elements (Lead and Zinc) on amylin Amyloidogenesis in vitro
Sayyed Mahdi Mirhashemi
mirhashemi@kaums.ac.ir
1
Fereshteh Bahmani
2
Fatemeh Nejati
3
Fahimeh Talebi
4
Farzaneh Khalaji
5
Mohsen Mahdizade
6
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus can be defined as a conformational disease because in which a constituent beta cell protein, islet amyloid polypeptide (amylin), undergoes a change in tertiary structure followed by a self-association. In this research, Lead (Pb) and Zinc effects in the aggregation of the amylin was examined experimentally. Materials and Methods: Human amylin peptide and other chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Company. Aggregation was induced by adding stock solution to modified Krebs-Hensleit buffer (pH: 7.4) to a final concentration of 0.4 μM and incubated at 37oC for 144h. Zinc (50 μM) and Pb (10 μM) was prepared in the peptide containing solution, separately. Also a mixture of trace elements and amylin with the same concentration was prepared. The zinc and Pb free solution was selected as control. To monitor the peptide precipitation Thioflavin T fluorescence assay was performed.Results: The results showed that zinc increased amylin aggregation by 12.31 % (P<0.05) and Pb enhanced aggregation potential by 23.17 % (P<0.05). A combination of Zn and Pb increased amylin aggregation by 0.24% compared to Pb group. Conclusion: Under the experimental conditions, Pb and Zinc separately have permissive effects on formation of beta-amyloid sheet. However, pb along with Zinc has no synergistic effect on aggregation of amylin.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1835-en.pdf
Diabetes Mellitus
Amylin
Lead
Zinc
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
739
740
article
Risk determination for the use of Abramis brama contaminated with Chromium and Cadmium among the consumers around the Anzali Lagoon
Nabyollah Mansuri
1
Maryam Panahandeh
maryamp_2006@ yahoo.com
2
Nematollah Khorasani
3
Sayyed Mansour Monavari
4
Abdolreza Karbasi
5
Islamic Azad University
Background: The presence of heavy metals in higher concentrations and more than their permissible levels in our environment is of great concern because of their toxicity. These metals enter the environment through different ways (e.g. industrial activities). Materials and Methods: This study has quantified the contaminants in fish muscular tissue samples and followed the guidelines of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to estimate their hazard indices. The samples taken from Abramis brama were collected from Anzali Lagoon. Spectroscopic techniques were used for determination of Cd (Cadmium), Cr (Chromium) in fish muscular tissue. Results: The concentration of Cr (0.88±0.09 µg/g dry wight) was higher compared with Cd (0.19±0.02 µg/g dry wight) the concentrations of other metals were not higher than the maximum permissible level. The suggested hazard index<1 was acceptable for dairy intake of human. Conclusion: Although the heavy metals analyzed in Abramis brama from Anzali did not pose any immediate health risk to humans but due to the bioaccumulation and magnification of these heavy metals in humans, it is essential to reach safeguard levels of the metals in the environment.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1836-en.pdf
Concentration
Heavy metal
Bioaccumulation
Hazard index
Pectrophotometery
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
741
742
article
Heavy metals distribution in atmospheric dusts during Autumn and Winter seasons in Isfahan
Najmeh Namazi
nnr.namazi@gmail.com
1
Mohammad Hasan Salehi
2
Shahrekord University
Background: Harmful effects of heavy metals on human health have been reported in different studies. This study was carried out to assess the status of some heavy metals in atmospheric dusts of Isfahan region during two seasons of Autumn and Winter.Materials and Methods: Sampling was done from 60 points with similar altitude using glass traps and heavy metals content was determined with the flame atomic absorption spectrometry in dusts.Results: Results showed that concentration of Cadmium, Lead and Zinc rather than the other elements is higher than the threshold limit of the soil. Also, the presence of a significant correlation signified their common sources. Conclusion: Differences were observed for elements in two seasons but the differences were significantly for Zinc and Nickel which may be due to the wind velocity and its direction and amount of rainfall in the region. High concentration of heavy metals in dusts and their accumulation in soil surface results in soil pollution and entrance to food chain. In addition, the breathing of the elements is harmful for humans.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1837-en.pdf
Heavy metals
Atmospheric dust
Season
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
743
744
article
Development of an ultrasound-assisted emulsifying microextraction method for preconcentration and determination of Aluminum in biological fluids
Farzad Farajbakhsh Mamaqani
farzad.farajbakhsh@gmail.com
1
Mohammad Amjadi
2
Jamshid Manzoori-Lashkar
3
Abolghasem Jouyban
4
Tabriz University
Background: Aluminum (Al) is one of trace elements in human body and its levels increased in renal failure. In this study, a new ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction (USAEME) method combined with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) is developed for the extraction and determination of Al in human urine. Materials and Methods: The pH of a 10 mL sample solution was adjusted to 6.5 and it was added to a 50 µL of the 0.5 M 8-hydroxyquinoline solution. Then, chloroform (120 µL) was injected slowly by a home-made 2.00 mL syringe into centrifuge glass vial containing a sample that was located inside the ultrasonic water bath. After centrifugation 20 µL of organic phase was injected to graphite furnace, and the absorbance was measured. Results: Under the optimum experimental conditions (pH: 6.5, 8-hydroxyquinoline 0.5M, ultrasonic time 4 min, 120µl choloroform), calibration graphs were obtained by USAEME of 10.0 mL of standard solution containing known amount of Al. The calibration curve was also made using the spiked urine sample. Conclusion: The USAEME method combined with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry has been presented for the extraction and determination of Al in urine samples. In this method, sample preparation time as well as consumption of toxic organic solvents was minimized without affecting the sensitivity of the method. In addition, it is avoided the need of employing a high performance separation instrument for the treatment of urine samples. The proposed method gives a very rapid, simple, sensitive, wide dynamic range and low–cost procedure for the determination of Al.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1842-en.pdf
Aluminum
Body fluids
Liquid phase Microextraction
Spectrophotometry atomic
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
745
746
article
Biological removal of Lead from aqueous solutions using low-cost biosorbents
Maryam Mazaheri-Tehrani
mmazaheri@aeoi.org.ir
1
Reza Dabbagh
2
Alireza Nafar
3
Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute
Background: Lead is widely known as one of the most hazardous substances that causes adverse long-term effects on human health and environment. In this research, the biosorption capacity of tea waste in aqueous solution containing Lead ions was studied. Also important parameters (e.g. pH, initial concentration and contact time on the biosorption) were investigated. In order to evaluate the adsorption capacity of tea waste, the experimental data were fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Materials and Methods: All the chemicals used were of analytical grade. Biosorption experiments were carried out in rotary shaker at 25 ◦C. The samples were analyzed by spectroscopy. Results: The results showed that the optimal pH value for adsorption was 4.5 which was decreased with increasing and decreasing of pH. The biosorption was relatively quick and the equilibrium time 2 hours. The biosorption kinetics studies showed that more than 95% of biosorption was completed within 1 hour. The maximum removal efficiency (98%) obtained on using 4 g/l tea waste in aqueous solution containing Lead (100 ppm) ions at optimal pH. According to results, Freundlish model was the best isotherm model for biosorption. The best isotherm model was Freundlish model.Conclusion: The results showed that tea waste is a good and new low- cost biosorbent for removing lead ions from aqueous solution with no chemical or physical pre-treatment. Considering the high adsorption value (the maximum biosorption 142 mg g-1), tea waste could be considered as an effective biosorbent to remove lead ions from industrial wastewater due to inexpensive, abundance and readily availability in Iran.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1844-en.pdf
Heavy metals
Biosrption
Low-cost biosorbents
Isotherm models
Lead metal
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
747
748
article
Zinc as effective element in improving and treatment of prostate cancer
Raheleh Sadat Fazelifard
raheleh_fazeli@yahoo.com
1
Maryam Shokohi
2
Saeedeh Esmaeili
3
Salehe Ahmadzadeh
4
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Background: Prostate cancer which is the second most common cancer in men after lung cancer is a disease in which malignant cells begin to multiply rapidly in a disordered way. The condition causes the size of the prostate gland to increase. This disease could have a slow growth rate and take a long time before clinical manifestations appear and in cases it can grow rapidly and attack bones and other tissues. Materials and Methods: Pubmed, Google and Medline databases were searched. Results: Vegetarian diet is effective in the prevention of prostate cancer. Beans, whole grains, nuts and seeds, due to high zinc, are considered protective against prostate cancer. In addition, high concentrations of zinc in the prostate gland show its important role in the healthy. Also it has been seen that in patients with prostate cancer, levels of zinc in this gland reduced. Studies have shown that men who eat foods rich in zinc or receive zinc supplements have a reduced risk of this cancer. Conclusion: Lack of zinc not only causes DNA damage, but it also may disrupt the ability of cells to respond to DNA damage and may increase the risk of prostate cancer progression. Adequate zinc levels are essential for maintaining the health of prostate cells, but zinc supplements may help prevent the growth of prostate cancer.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1845-en.pdf
Zinc
Prostate cancer
Prevention
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
749
750
article
Trace elements classification in human nutrition
Mehri Aliasgharpour
aliasgharpour@health.gov.ir
1
Marjan Rahnamaye-Farzami
2
Faculty of the Reference Health Laboratory Research Center
Background: A trace element is a dietary mineral that is needed in very minute quantities for the proper growth, maintaining and recovering the health status of the organism. Based on nutritional significance 19 trace elements have been indentified (WHO classification): 1- Essential elements such as copper etc. 2- Probable essential elements such as manganese etc. 3- Potentially toxic elements such as lead, & etc. Materials and Methods: For this review article links such as http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/601406/trace-element http://www.tree.com/health/supplements-trace-elements.aspx were used. Results: Essential trace elements are required by man in amounts ranging from 50 ug to 18 mg per day. They act as catalyzers or are structural components of larger molecules. The 6 essential trace elements are Chromium, Copper, Zinc, Molybdenum, Selenium, and Iodine. Very little is known about the probable essential elements and they are thought unlikely to have a beneficial function in the life process of humans. They include manganese, silicon, nickel, boron, and vanadium. Potentially toxic elements, if present in excessive concentrations may be hazardous to health. However, there may be some possibility with essential functions for these elements. In this category fluoride, lead, cadmium, lithium, aluminum, arsenic, tin and mercury are included. Conclusion: The role of small amounts of certain elements alone or in compound on living organisms has long been known. Although the principal elements regarded as essential for organisms are comparatively few, most are recognized poisonous. Further investigations are essential to complete important gaps in our knowledge on trace elements role in health and controlling diseases.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1846-en.pdf
Trace elements
Heavy metal poisoning
Organism and growth inhibitor
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
751
752
article
Fortification of trace elements in wheat in relation to human nutrition
Reza Soleimani
Soleimanir@hotmail.com
1
Scientific Board Member of Agricultural Research Center
Background: This investigation was carried out for the evaluation of foliar and soil application of Zn, Fe and Mn on yield and yield components of wheat (In Ilam region) for two years. Materials and Methods: Experiments were done as factorial in completely randomized block design in research field of Mehran. Treatments were as Zn factors (1. Zns = Soil application 2. Znsf1= Soil application + foliar application with concentration of 0.3% 3. Znsf2= Soil application + foliar application with concentration of 0.6% 4. Zn0= Non-application of ZnSO4), Fe factors (foliar and non-application = Fef and Fe0 respectively) and Mn factors (foliar and non-application = Mnf and Mn0 respectively) with three replications. Results: Analysis of variance of data and comparisons between means using Duncan , s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) indicated that the grain and straw yield, thousand seeds weight(TSW), grains per spike and concentration of Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu were affected by integrated application of soil and foliar treatments. Increasing of the grain yield in factors of Zns, Znsf1 and Znsf2 in comparison with control (Zn0Mn0Fe0) were 17.5, 21 and 22 percent, respectively in first year and were 15, 17.2 and 18.5 percent, respectively in second year. Also those were as 16.2, 19 and 20.1 percent, respectively in combined results of two years. Grains per spike were increased by integrated application of soil and foliar treatments. Zn content of grains in treatment of Znsf2 was higher than the other treatments. So, in combined results, range of Zn content of grains was from 30.8 mgkg-1 in treatment of Znsf2 to 21.3 mgkg-1 in control treatment. Fe content was reduced by Mn application (Mnf) in α=5%. Conclusion: Interaction of Zn-Mn affected the Fe content of grains. Also, integrated soil and foliar application of ZnSO4 affected the Mn and Cu content of grains.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1848-en.pdf
Fortification
Fe
Zn
Mn
wheat
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
753
754
article
Overview on nickel Carcinogenesis
Fozieh Zadhoush
zadhoush@mail.mui.ac.ir
1
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
Background: Acute exposure to nickel alters the pattern of gene expression in normal cells and induces a pattern of gene expression similar to that found in nickel-induced cancers. This study aims to review various mechanisms in nickel carcinogenesis. Materials and Methods: A systematic search on the Pubmed and Google scholar databases was done on the carcinogenic potency of nickel compounds in animal models and rodent cells in vitro. Results: Published evidence confirmed that the epigenetic activity of nickel carcinogenic compounds may be exerted with a modulation of gene expression. Nickel plays a role in the derivation of cells with neoplastic properties. Many researches demonstrated that nickel depletes intracellular ascorbate and may be able to replace the iron in the active site of hypoxia inducible factor-1a (HIF-1a) hydroxylases, which results in the inhibition of prolyl hydroxylase activity, activation of of hypoxia inducible factor-1a (HIF-1a), a protein known to be over-expressed in a variety of cancers and expression of hypoxia-inducible genes such as Cap43 gene. Cap43 gene was found to be highly inducible by hypoxia and over-expressed in cancer cells. These studies demonstrate that human exposure to Nickel turns on signaling for hypoxic stress, which may be important in its carcinogenesis. Conclusion: The major epigenetic effects of nickel are depletion of ascorbate, inhibition of prolyl hydroxylase enzyme activity, the stabilization of hypoxia inducible factor-1a (HIF-1a and expression of hypoxia-inducible genes such as Cap43 gene.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1849-en.pdf
Nickel
Carcinogenesis
Hypoxia inducible factor-1a (HIF-1a)
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
755
760
article
Comparing the effects of Aluminum and Cadmium on liver parameters
Shiva Najafi
Shivanajafi7@Gmail.com
1
Masihollah Taher
2
Sayyed Ali Asghar Moshtaghie
3
Islamic Azad University
Background: In this study, the effects of Aluminum and Cadmium on liver parameters (LDH, AST, ALT, serum bilirubin, total protein) in rat serum at various times have been studied. Materials and Methods: Aluminum and cadmium salts in different doses were injected. After the completion of injection in different times, the animals were decapitated and the serum was used for liver enzymes. Results: Aluminum effect on LDH was concentration- and time- dependent. The activity of aminotransferases AST, ALT showed less increase than the short-term effects of aluminum. The serum total bilirubin was significantly increased, whereas serum protein concentration is negligible. With regard to Cadmium, the increased activity of serum LDH was concentration- and time dependent. So, the lower concentrations of Cadmium had much more changes compared to Aluminum. Total bilirubin concentration and serum protein were similar to the increase in Cadmium concentration and the time of injection. The activity of aminotransferases AST, ALT was found to be increased by increase in the levels of cadmium. Conclusion: In general, both Aluminum and Cadmium are toxic to hepatic cells and cause physiologic and morphologic changes in hepatocytes which are functions of concentration. In linger periods, the increase in hepatic parameters is significant.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1850-en.pdf
AL
Cd
LDH
AST
ALT
Total bilirubin
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
761
762
article
Toxic effects of Lead on different organs of the human body
Shabnam Pirooty
spirooty@yahoo.com
1
Mohammad Ghasemzadeh
2
Islamic Azad University
Background: Environmental pollution and also the continuous exposure of human beings to toxic heavy metals (e.g. Mercury, Cadmium and Lead) is a seriously growing problem throughout the world. Exposure to metals has risen dramatically in the last fifty years as the result of exponential increase in the use of heavy metals in industrial processes and products. Although we are usually exposed to metals in a latent manner and in small daily doses, as they are present in various environmental components, foods and materials. Heavy metals occur as natural constituents of the earth shell, and are persistent environmental contaminants since they cannot be degraded or destroyed. This study reviews the effects of Lead as one of these heavy metals on different parts of the human body. Materials and Methods: Pubmed database has been searched to prepare the review.Results: Lead is the most significant toxin of the heavy metals, and its inorganic form is absorbed through ingestion by food, water, and inhalation. When ingested, they combine with the body’s biomolecules (e.g. proteins and enzymes) to form stable biotoxic compounds, thereby mutilating their structures and hindering them from the bioreactions of their functions. Lead poisoning causes inhibition of the synthesis of haemoglobin, results in dysfunctions in the kidneys, joints and reproductive systems, cardiovascular system and acute or chronic damage to the central and peripheral nervous system. Conclusion: Lead through poor development of the grey matter of the brain affects children health, thereby resulting in poor intelligence quotient. Moreover, acute and chronic effects of Lead result in psychosis.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1851-en.pdf
Toxic effects
Lead
human body
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
763
764
article
Trace element disturbances in pancreatic cancer
Mohammad Amin Ahmadi-Faghih
mahmadi@aeoi.org.ir
1
Leila Farzin
2
Fattaneh Sajjadi
3
Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI)
Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is still a major health problem worldwide. Little is known about the etiology of pancreatic cancer as an important cause of cancer mortality in developed countries. Materials and Methods: In this study, we measured the serum Zn, Se, Cu and Cd levels of PC patients compared to healthy subjects from the same region in Iran, using atomic absorption spectrometry. We have also examined the contributions of age, sex and smoking status to overall risk for PC. Results: In this case-control study, a significant difference in both Zn and Cd levels was observed between PC and control group (P<0.001 and P0.05). Taking into consideration the sex of the subjects, a significant decrease in serum Zn levels of PC patients was observed in females compared to males (P<0.01). Conclusion: We found that Cd is a plausible pancreatic carcinogen. In addition, a significant relationship between Zn metabolism and PC is suggested.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1852-en.pdf
Trace elements
Pancreatic cancer
Atomic absorption spectrometry
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
765
766
article
A randomized controlled clinical trial evaluating the effect of multi mineral-vitamin D supplementation on pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women at risk for pre-eclampsia
Zatollah Asemi
asemi_r@yahoo.com
1
Batol Sadat Razavi
2
Zeynab Ebrahimi
3
Zahra Baniahmadi
4
Samaneh Salehi
5
Farideh Nazemi
6
Akram Khassaf
7
esmat Nori
8
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Background: The objective of this study was to determine the favorable effects of multi mineral-vitamin D supplementation on pregnancy outcomes among pregnant women at risk for pre-eclampsia. Materials and Methods: This randomized single-blind controlled clinical trial was conducted among 46 pregnant, primigravida, women at risk for pre-eclampsia (aged 18-40 years) at their third trimester. Pregnant women were randomly assigned to receive either the multi mineral-vitamin D supplements (n=23) or the placebo (n=23) for 9 weeks. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after applying a 9-wk intervention to measure serum calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron and 25-hydroxy vitamin D. Newborn's measurements (weight, height and head circumference) were determined. Results: Although no significant difference was seen in newborn's weight and head circumference between the two groups, mean of newborn's length (51.3±1.7 vs. 50.3±1.2 cm, P=0.03) among the newborn's whose mothers were receiving multi mineral-vitamin D supplements were taller than those whose mothers received placebo. As compared to the placebo, consumption of multi mineral-vitamin D supplements also resulted in increased levels of serum calcium (+0.19 vs. -0.08 mg/dL, P=0.03), magnesium (+0.15 vs. -0.08 mg/dL, P=0.03), zinc (+8.25 vs. -21.38 mg/dL, P=0.001) and vitamin D (+3.79 vs. -1.37 ng/ml, P=0.01). Conclusion: In conclusion, multi mineral-vitamin D supplementation for 9 weeks during pregnancy and in pregnant women at risk for pre-eclampsia resulted in increase of newborn's height, increased circulating levels of maternal serum calcium, magnesium, zinc and vitamin D as compared to the placebo group.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1853-en.pdf
Supplementation
Pregnancy outcomes
Pre-eclampsia
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
767
768
article
Different methods to adsorb heavy metals in wastewater by blue-green algae
Hoda Nikmanesh
hodanikmanesh91@yahoo.com
1
Mohammad Azizkhani
2
Alborz Boostani
3
Masoud Baghestani
4
Nooshin Hadinia
5
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Background: Among the today`s main problems related to wastewater is pollution caused by heavy metals. These heavy metals are toxic and have detrimental effects on the body. So the existence of such metals in the food chain is a serious problem for human health. Materials and Methods: Scopus, Pubmed, Google scholar and ScienceDirect databases were searched.Results: Studies indicate a requirement to use a new method for removing heavy metals from wastewater. Biosorption method by microalgae is one of the newest methods which have the properties such as cost, selective adsorption, high processing rate and no sludge production. In this process in order to clean up wastewater by adsorption, the two algae Chlorella and Spirulina are optimal. In comparing these two algaes, Chlorella algaehas better ability to attract as well as more balanced with the absorption effect. Remove ions such as lead, nickel and zinc occurs by interactions between the metal ions and carboxyl groups present on the cell wall that stabilize metal binding. Notable point in this process is that the removal ability decreases by increasing the metal concentration. In addition, Chlorella can be used to adsorb Chromium that Betacaroten first extracted and then the remaining biomass is used for Chromium adsorption. Conclusions: According to the case studies, the method is convenient and cost effective for the removal of metal contaminants from wastewater and will help to reduce environmental pollution.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1854-en.pdf
algae
adsorption
heavy metals
wastewater
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
769
770
article
The role of trace elements in environmental and nutrition sciences
Elham Moshtaghie
1
Minoo Moshtaghie
M_moshtaghie@yahoo.com
2
Islamic Azad University
Background: Today, one of the universal debates related to human health problems is caused by the lack of the essential elements. Many researchers suggest that metals such as zinc and selenium deficiency extensively affect on human’s health (particularly on physical growth) worldwide. Materials and Methods: Different age groups, especially children and adolescents during the critical developmental ages are more vulnerable to fluctuations of deficiency of this essential element in the body. Most of these problems are evident in developing countries. The nutritional issues are not tracked seriously, while developed countries with continuous improvements in the food industry have been able to use the correct pattern for each age group to eliminate the problems caused by lack of nutrients. And it’s the evolution of such a combination between food science and environmental science.Results: Perhaps the best solution is suggested that for amends of lacking of these elements, is adding these elements in foods of these vulnerable groups. For example, in many developing countries standardized Zinc is added on children and adolescents snacks. Conclusion: In order to compensate the shortcomings in this group. It has also been observed in other elements such as iron.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1855-en.pdf
Trace elements
Developmental health
Environment
food industries.
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
771
772
article
The role of Zinc in health and disease
Shiva Masoudnia
shivabio.msc90@gmail.com
1
Anvar Soleymani
2
Islamic Azad University
Background: Zinc is one of the most abundant essential trace elements that founds in all tissues of the human body. The average amount of Zinc in the adult body is about 1.4-2.3 g. It has a significant role in the structure and function of many biochemical pathways and over 300 enzymes contain Zinc in the body. It regulates the expression of genes. Zinc deficiency can lead to sensory disorders, immune deficiency, atherosclerosis and the physical and mental retardation in infants, enhance the oxidative stress and decrease the male reproductive function and fertility. Materials and Methods: Databases of Pubmed and Google scholar were searched. Results: Zinc also has an important role on the function of the immune system by increasing neutrophils and antibodies. It is necessary in cell proliferation and growth for the activity of enzymes that involve in DNA synthesis and regulation of regulatory signals. Moreover, it can be described as a caspase inhibitor and growth factor signaling pathway that lack of it leads to cell death. Zinc protects the cells from oxidative stress by the stability of the membrane structure, maintaining an appropriate level of MTs, an essential component of superoxide dismutase and NADPH oxidase inhibitor. This micronutrient can decrease lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in diabetic patients. Also, adding Zinc to the insulin structure can increases the ability of insulin binding to its receptor. Conclusion: Zinc deficiency means the insufficient quantities of this element in the body that is common in gastrointestinal disorders, kidney diseases, alcoholism, and malabsorption. Furthermore, it may cause different diseases such as cancer, depression, Alzheimer`s diseases and Wilson`s diseases and others.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1856-en.pdf
Zinc
Trace elements
Zinc deficiency
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
773
774
article
Trace elements, cancer and health
Kolsoom Dinarvand
kdinarvand92@yahoo.com
1
Mahriar Zargari
2
Mazandaran University
Background: The metals, including Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Cadmium (Cd), Arsenic (As), Zinc (Zn) and Selenium (Se) are considered trace elements and due to their limited quantities are essential to the human body. These elements are required as the essential components of biological enzyme systems or structural proteins. Deficiency in any of these elements leads to undesirable pathological conditions. Considering that cancer is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, our purpose of this study was to review the effect the trace elements on carcinogenicity or health maintenance. Materials and Methods: Scopus, Pubmed, Google scholar and ScienceDirect databases were searched. Different criteria were applied to select the related articles. Results: Results showed that the carcinogenicity of compounds of Chromium, Nickel, Cadmium and Arsenic are well-known. DNA repair systems are very sensitive targets for these elements that can cause a diminished removal of endogenous DNA lesions and increase the risk of tumor formation. Epidemiologic studies showed that Chromium and Nickel are associated with nasal and lung cancer in humans. Also, Arsenic and Cadmium exposures are associated with the increased lung cancer risk. On the other hand, many studies revealed that there was an inverse relationship between selenium exposure and risk of prostate cancer as well as between Zinc and breast cancer.Conclusion: Although the environmental exposure is a precondition for aggregation of toxic elements, but the individual characteristics and genetic factors are also involved. The effects of trace elements are dependent to many factors.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1857-en.pdf
Trace elements
Selenium
Zinc
Arsenic
Cadmium
Nickel
Chromium
Cancer
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
775
776
article
Topological structure of Molybdopterin-binding domain in human Xanthine oxidase
Rastegari
rastegari@iaufala.ac.ir
1
Islamic Azad University
Background: Domains are the basic functional units of proteins. Information on domain- domain interaction is favorable for more detailed understanding of protein-protein interactions, cellular function and biological processes. Molybdopterin containing enzymes are present in a wide range of living systems and have been known for several decades. The enzymes share common structural features, but reveal different polypeptide folding topologies. Materials and Methods: On the basis of sequence alignments, six families of molybdenum-cofactor-containing enzymes were identified. These conserved structural domains provide clear indications for structural relationships that emerge from these trees and result in groupings that also reflect related functions. Most commonly, this process occurs through comparison of protein sequence profiles or hidden markov models (HMMs). The applicability of these prediction methods by using predicted interaction sites as target binding interfaces were demonstrated. Results: The results suggest that it is possible to predict domain interaction sites with quite a high accuracy using only sequence information.Conclusion: The algorithms and analysis presented here significantly improve the ability to identify molybdopterin-binding domain and further advance of the relationship between evolutionary sequence conservation and structure-function attributes of proteins.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1858-en.pdf
Domain-domain interaction
Molybdopterin
Hidden markov models (HMMs)
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
777
778
article
Effect of multi mineral-vitamin D supplementation on metabolic profiles, hs-CRP and oxidative stress in pregnant women at risk for pre-eclampsia: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Zatollah Asemi
asemi_za@kaums.ac.ir
1
Mansooreh Samimi
2
Zohreh Tabassi
3
Hosein Shakeri
4
Syma Sadat Sabihi
5
Maryam Borojerdi-Alavi
6
Zahra Jafari
7
Fatemeh Motaharian
8
Zahra Heidarzadeh
9
Yaser Ghandi
10
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the favorable effects of multi mineral-vitamin D supplementation on metabolic profiles, serum hs-CRP and biomarkers of oxidative stress among Iranian pregnant women at risk for pre-eclampsia. Materials and Methods: This randomized single-blind controlled clinical trial was conducted among 48 pregnant women, primigravida, at risk for pre-eclampsia aged 18-40 years at their third trimester. Pregnant women were randomly assigned to receive either the multi mineral-vitamin D supplements (n=24) or the placebo (n=24) for 9 weeks. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after 9 weeks of intervention to measure metabolic profiles, hs-CRP and oxidative stress parameters.Results: Consumption of multi mineral-vitamin D supplements as compared to the placebo resulted in a significant decrease in FPG (-11.7 vs. -2 mg/dL, P=0.01), serum insulin levels (-0.96 vs. 2.65 µIU/ml, P=0.04) and a marginally significant decrease in HOMA-IR (-0.34 vs.0.6, P=0.06). Also, multi mineral-vitamin D supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in serum hs-CRP levels as compared to the placebo (-1411.7 vs. 1503 ng/ml, P=0.01). Moreover, the mean changes for plasma TAC (151.94 vs. -19.69 mmol/l, P=0.002) and total GSH levels (205.82 vs. -32.3 µmol/l, P=0.02) were significantly different between the two groups.Conclusion: In conclusion, consumption of multi mineral-vitamin D supplements for 9 weeks during pregnancy among pregnant women at risk for pre-eclampsia resulted in a significant decrease in FPG, serum insulin, hs-CRP and increased levels of plasma TAC and total GSH as compared to the placebo group.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1859-en.pdf
Supplementation
Metabolic profiles
Hs-CRP
Oxidative stress
Pre-eclampsia
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
779
780
article
The influence of Selenium on human health
Saeedeh Esmaeili
saeideh.esmaeili@gmail.com
1
Raheleh Sadat Fazelifard
2
Salehe Ahmadzadeh
3
Maryam Shokouhi
4
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Background: The trace mineral selenium (Se) is a crucial nutrient for human health and its deficiency is considered to be important in various types of cancer. This element is a component of some important selenoproteins and enzymes required for main functions in organisms as antioxidant defense, reduction of inflammation, thyroid hormone production, DNA synthesis, fertility, reproduction and killing cancer cells (by reducing the blood supply to tumors). It has been found that a low level of Se in diet has an effective role in increasing risk of cancers by the mechanism of protein synthesis inhibition or specified enzymes by the cancerous cells stimulating the cell death. Materials and Methods: Databases of Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Springer and Google scholar were searched in order to achieve the related articles. Results: Therefore, an adequate dietary intake of Se is essential. Hence, the UK department of health advised in 1991 that the desirable average intakes of Se for an adult man and woman are 75 and 60 µg/day, respectively. The Se level in food product depends on its concentration in the soil and it enters the food chain through the plants. Conclusion: In some parts of the world where Se is not sufficient in the plants, Se-deficiency diseases have been identified such as Keshan disease, an endemic cardiomyopathy with high mortality rates in China. An enrichment of foods with Selenium has greatly reduced the incidence of this disease. Therefore, enrichment of foods with Selenium can be an effective factor to overcome Se deficiency.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1860-en.pdf
Selenium
Healthiness
Cancer
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
781
782
article
Mechanism of Arsenic effect in cancer induction
Negar Ataei
negarataei16@yahoo.com
1
Mojtaba Panjehpour
2
Maryam Esfahani
3
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
Background: Inorganic arsenic which contaminates drinking water of more than 100 million people worldwide is a carcinogen and long-term exposure to arsenic can pose one of greatest threats to our health. Even low levels of arsenic exposure increase the bladder, skin and lung cancer risk. It may contribute to up to 5297 lung cancer cases per year and approximately a two-fold increase in the Squamous Cell Carcinoma risk. Materials and Methods: Recent studies have reviewed using PubMed, Google scholar, science direct, Avid and NCBI databases. Results: Arsenic can affect cancer initiation and development through the induction of oxidative stress and production of ROS. Methylation of arsenic by S-adenosyl methionine and glutathione results in highly toxic methylated Arsenic species with potent enzyme inhibitory and cytotoxic activity. Also it can cause epigenic mechanisms like histone modification, and alternation of DNA methylation. Arsenic can bind to sulfhydryl groups of cysteine in some proteins and inhibit their activity. Moreover, it has synergistic effects with tobacco and alcohol in cancer induction. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, Arsenic exposure can be considered as a potent biomarker for Arsenic-induced carcinogenicity. Explanation of the carcinogenic mechanisms of Arsenic is important to prevent and treatment of Arsenic-induced cancers.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1861-en.pdf
Inorganic arsenic
Lung cancer
Oxidative stress
Skin cancer
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
783
784
article
The mechanism of Copper effect on Alzheimer\'s disease
Negar Ataei
negarataei16@yahoo.com
1
Ahmad Movahedian
2
Maryam Esfahani
3
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
Background: Aggregation of beta amyloid plaques (Aβ) in the brain is one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies have shown that the change in Cu hemostasis can cause and progress AD. Materials and Methods: The literature review and recent investigations were studied. Data were analyzed and the consistent and controversial results were compared. Results: The amyloid precursor protein (APP) has three Copper binding sites including histidine 149, 151, 147 that plays a key role in the APP stability, folding and metabolism. APP acts as a Cu chaperon and metalloprotein in the brain. When Copper binds to these histidine residues, APP structure will be stable and reduce the generation of Aβ. At low Copper status, the conversion of APP to Aβ plaques and the risk of AD can be increased. Moreover, the excessive concentration of Copper especially inorganic Copper can also interact with Aβ plaques and produce H2O2 then oxidize it and cause cross-linked Aβ. Also, Cu toxicity increases ROS in specific regions of the brain involved in AD. Conclusion: There are some challenges among the related studies that Copper is a protective and progressive factor in AD. It seems that both Copper deficiency and toxicity are involved in AD. So, the maintenance of Copper balance is necessary for treatment.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1862-en.pdf
Copper hemostasis
Alzheimer
β-amyloid
Inorganic Copper
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
785
786
article
The role of Selenium in reducing the breast cancer risk
Sayyede Fatemeh Abdollah Pouri Hosseini
f.p.hosseini@gmail.com
1
Banafsheh Mashmouli
2
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Background: Breast cancer is the second most common cancer among women and one out of every eight women will be diagnosed with breast cancer. Selenium as a micronutrient in the diet is an important factor in the production of antioxidant enzymes that may affect cancer progression. Considering the "cancer tsunami" in Iran and also the prevalence of Selenium deficiency in some provinces, we decided to investigate the relationship between this micronutrient and breast cancer in order to reduce the incidence of the disease and treatment costs by Selenium supplementation. Materials and Methods: Academic databases (e.g. Scopus, Pubmed, Google scholar and ScienceDirect) were searched. Results: Studies showed that a selenium supplementation reduced the breast cancer mortality rate in some nutrition intervention trials. A one-unit increase in serum Selenium levels reduced breast cancer risk up to 7%. Selenium is able to strengthen the function of tight junctions in human endothelial cells this has been proved to be true about human breast cancer cells. Conclusion: Our studies show that Selenium is a preventive agent for breast cancer. Also, Selenium supplementation is an important protective factor in the treatment of this illness and reduces the risk of developing breast cancer.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1863-en.pdf
Breast cancer
Selenium
Prevention
per
Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Feyz Medical Sciences Journal
1029-7855
2008-9821
2013-03
16
7
787
788
article
Impact of the environmental contaminants on aquatic organisms
Nasrollah Mahboobi-Soofiani
soofiani@cc.iut.ac.ir
1
Isfahan University of Technology
Following an unsustainable development of industry resulting from human population growth and its corresponding demands, the concern for the environmental implication of natural and artificial pollutants stemming from human activities has increased. Environmental pollutants in air, water, soil, sediments, food and consumer products, can get into the body of organism through eating, breathing or be absorbed through the skin. They will be assimilated into the blood stream and have direct or indirect impact on their physiological performance. Among others, it seems that aquatic organisms are more exposed to the most pollutants so that aquatic environments are the ultimate destination of pollutants like industrial effluents, urban wastewaters and agricultural run-off. Pollutants such as heavy metals and chemical compounds are considered to be very toxic and their accumulations through biological magnification can damage the ecosystem and its biodiversity. Some of these pollutants which are known as “Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs)” can affect the endocrine system of aquatic organisms leading to problems in reproductive behaviors, reproductive organs, quality of sexual gametes, reproductive potential, growth and development and other related immunological issues for animals or even humans. These compounds can mainly interfere with the aquatic populations through disturbance in hormonal performance especially sexual hormones. This not only disturbs the ecological balance but also causes biodiversity reduction, unsustainable aquatic population and destruction of ecosystems, subsequently. This study aimed to investigate the role of environmental pollutants and their side effects on aquatic organisms and hence human health.
http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-1864-en.pdf
Environmental contaminants
Aquatic organisms