fa بررسی برهمکنش لیزر اگزایمر 308 نانومتری زنون کلراید با بافت های سخت مینا و عاج دندان medicine, paraclinic medicine, paraclinic پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">سابقه</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">هدف</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">:</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;"> خروجی پالسی لیزر اگزایمر </span></span></strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">XeCl</span></span></span><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;"> (308 نانومتری) و عملکرد نورکندگی آن نسبت به عملکرد گرمایی، قابلیت این نوع لیزر را برای برداشت ساختارهای بافت سخت، با حداقل تولید حرارت در بافت آشکار می سازد. </span></span></strong><br> <strong><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">مواد و روش&shy; ها</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">:</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">تعداد</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;"> 20 </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">نمونه</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">دندان</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">عقل</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">آسیاب</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;"> کاملا سالم </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">از انسان (</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">10 </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">دندان</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">به</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">&shy;</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">عنوان</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">نمونه</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">&shy;</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;"> های</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">مینا</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">و</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;"> 10 </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">دندان</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">دیگر</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">پس</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">از</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">حذف</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">بافت</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">مینا</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">از</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">روی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">تاج،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">به</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">&shy;</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;"> عنوان</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">نمونه </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">&shy;</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">های</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">عاج</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">) با لیزر مورد پرتودهی قرار گرفتند. </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">تاج</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">هر</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">دندان</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">به </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">&shy;</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">صورت</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">یک</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">مکعب</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">در نظر گرفته شد </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">و </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">وجوه</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">جانبی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">آن</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;"> در فرکانس ثابت 2 هرتز و بدون حضور آب پرتودهی شدند. تعداد </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">18 حفره، هم برای نمونه&shy; های عاج و هم برای نمونه</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">&shy;</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">های مینا به &shy;دست آمد.</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;"> سه مقدار متفاوت انرژی به &shy;عنوان فاکتور متغیر با 6 گام پالسی متفاوت در هریک از انرژی&shy; های مذکور انتخاب گردیدند. </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">تصاویر</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">حفره </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">&shy;</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">های</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">مذکور</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">با</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">ترکیب</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">اپتیک و</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;"> کامپیوتر تهیه شده و با پردازش آن&shy;ها در </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">نرم&shy;افزار</span></span></strong> <span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">Matlab</span></span></span><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">مقادیر</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">عمق</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">&shy;</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;"> کندگی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">سطح</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">مؤثر</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">کندگی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">محاسبه</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">شدند</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">.</span></span></strong><br> <strong><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">نتایج</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">:</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">افزایش عمق کندگی با افزایش تعداد پالس در هر دو بافت</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;"> مشاهده شد.</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">عمق کندگی با ازدیاد انرژی برای هر دو بافت</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">افزایش </span></span></strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">یافت و</span></span> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">مقادیر</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">منسوب</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">به</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">عمق</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">کندگی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">سطح</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">مؤثر</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">کندگی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">در</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">بافت</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">عاج</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">نسبت</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">به</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">بافت</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">مینا</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;"> بیشتر شد.</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">مرز</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">کندگی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">برای</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">حفره</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">&shy;</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;"> های</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">ایجاد</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">شده</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">توسط</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">این</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">لیزر تیز</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">شفاف مشاهده شد</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">.</span></span></strong><br> <strong><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">نتیجه</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">&shy;</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;"> گیری</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">:</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">کاربرد</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">لیزر</span></span></strong> <span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">XeCl</span></span></span> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">برای</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">حذف</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">بافت</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">سخت</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">آماده</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">سازی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">حفره</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">پس از اعمال برخی تغییرات و اصلاحات خاص در این نوع لیزر امکان &shy;پذیر خواهد بود.</span></span></strong></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:times new roman;"><strong>Background:</strong> The pulsed output of the 308 nm XeCl laser and its photoablation action rather than photothermal action offers the ability to remove dental hard tissues with minimal generation of heat in the tissue.<br> <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> A total of 20 human molar teeth (ten teeth used as enamel samples and ten teeth used as dentin samples after removing the enamel tissue from their crowns) were irradiated by the laser. The crown of each sample was regarded as a cube which its lateral sides were exposed in 2Hz frequency without water cooling. Also, 18 holes for all enamel samples and 18 holes for all dentin samples were obtained. Three different amounts of energy were selected as a variable factor with 6 different numbers of pulses in each energy. The images of these holes were prepared by optic and computer combining, and the amounts of the ablation depth and effective ablation area were calculated using the MATLAB software.<br> <strong>Results:</strong> The amounts of ablation depth were increased with increasing the number of pulses for both enamel and dentin tissues. The amounts of ablation depth were also increased with increasing the amounts of energy for both enamel and dentin tissues. The greater amounts of ablation depth and effective ablation area were observed in the dentin tissue rather than the enamel tissue. The borders of created holes were reported sharp and clear.<br> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The application of the XeCl laser for hard tissue removal and cavity preparation can be possible after some certain modifications.</span></div> لیزر XeCl, عمق کندگی, عاج, مینا, آماده سازی حفره XeCl laser, Ablation depth, Dentin, Enamel, Cavity preparation 460 469 http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-444-2&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Mahshid Yaghmaeian-Mahabadi مهشید یغمائیان مهابادی mahshidmahabadi@yahoo.com 2900319475328460019320 2900319475328460019320 No Student in Atomic and Molecular Physics in the field of Laser, Tehran Kharazmi University, Tehran, I. R. Iran. پژوهشگر و مؤلف، دانشگاه خوارزمی تهران، ایران Abbas Majdabadi عباس مجدآبادی amajdabadi@aeoi.org.ir 2900319475328460019321 2900319475328460019321 Yes Laser and Optics Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, I. R. Iran. عضو هیئت علمی و محقق در پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته ای، ایران Reza Fekrazad رضا فکر آزاد rezafekrazad@gmail.com 2900319475328460019322 2900319475328460019322 No Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I. R. Iran. گروه آموزشی پریودنتیکس، دانشکده دندانپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی آجا، تهران، ایران. Javad Amini Mahabadi جواد امینی مهابادی j.mahabadi64@gmail.com 2900319475328460019323 2900319475328460019323 No Gametogenesis research center, kashan university of medical sciences, Kashan, Iran. مرکز تحقیقات گامتوژنزیس، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کاشان، کاشان، ایران Hossein Nikzad حسین نیک زاد 2900319475328460019324 2900319475328460019324 No Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I. R. Iran. مرکز تحقیقات گامتوژنزیس، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کاشان، کاشان، ایران