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Showing 10 results for Exercise Training
Samaneh Rafiei, Mohammad Amin Edalatmanesh,
Volume 22, Issue 6 (12-2018)
Abstract
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hormonal-metabolic disorders, obesity, oxidative stress and ovulatory dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of four weeks of swimming training and Gallic acid (GA) administration on the serum level of sex hormones in rats with a polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) under the standard and high-fat diet.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 72 virgin female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the nine groups: Control, PCOS, PCOS+HF (high fat diet), PCOS+EX (swimming training), PCOS+EX+HF (swimming training and high fat dietary), PCOS+GA (GA treatment), PCOS+GA+HF (GA treatment with high fat diet), PCOS+EX+GA (GA treatment and swimming training), PCOS+EX+GA+HF (GA treatment and swimming training with a high-fat diet). PCOS was induced with 1mg/kg letrozole and GA (100mg/kg, 4weeks) was administrated orally for 28 days. Then, the serum levels of LH, FSH, β-estradiol, progesterone and testosterone were measured using the ELISA method.
Results: In the PCOS group, the progesterone level decreased and LH, FSH, β-estradiol and testosterone levels significantly increased compared to the control group (P<0.05). Treatment with GA or swimming training ameliorated the serum levels of these hormones. However, high fat diets reduced the ameliorative effect of GA and swimming training on the sex hormones in different groups.
Conclusion: Gallic acid administration and swimming training can reduce dysregulation of sex hormones due to the PCOS in rats, but a high-fat diet increases PCOS pathogenesis.
Aghil Sadighi, Ahmad Abdi, Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani, Alireza Barari,
Volume 23, Issue 5 (10-2019)
Abstract
Background: Cardiac apoptosisplays an important role in myocardial diseases. Current evidence suggests that exercise training may modify some apoptosis-related signaling in myocardium. This study aimedto investigate the effect of aerobic training on cardiac Bax, Bcl2 and caspase-3 inmale rats.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, Sixteen Wistar male rats 10 weeks old with 299.74±19.32 g weight were randomly classified into control and training groups. Training groups have performed an aerobic running program (at 10-18 m/min, 10-40 min/day, and 5 days/week) on a motor-driven treadmill for six weeks.Forty eight hours after the last training session, rats were sacrificed; hearts were excised and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80 °C.Bax, Bcl2 and caspase3 protein expression were evaluated by ELISA and western blot. Data were analyzed using Independent t-test and ANCOVA at P<0.05.
Result: The results showed that six weeks aerobic training significantly decreased heart Bax in rats (P=0.045). Also heart Bcl2 (P=0.003) and caspase-3 (P=0.040) were significantly increased in comparison to the training group.
Conclusion: Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise seems to modify some factors affecting the apoptosis of the heart tissue of male rats.
Mohammad Fathizadeh, Vahid Valipour-Dehnou, Mohammad Fathi,
Volume 23, Issue 5 (10-2019)
Abstract
Background: Physical Activity has a beneficial effect on blood lipids. In patients with subclinical hypothyroidism the levels of blood lipids increase. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 5 month aerobic exercise training on serum lipids profile in women with subclinical hypothyroidism.
Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, after obtaining written consent, 25 subclinical hypothyroidism women (age: 35.59±3.83) were divided into three groups: drug-exercise (n=8), exercise (n=7), and drug (n=10). Aerobic exercise training consisted of 3 sessions (60 min) per week for 5 months. In order to increase the intensity of training, rhythmic movements were performed with different and more complex combinations. The drug group was inactive persons who took only LT4 tablets. Serum levels of cholesterol, LDL, HDL, TG and VLDL were measured in three groups after 5 months. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance.
Results: Results showed that aerobic exercise training resulted in non-significant changes in serum levels of cholesterol (P=0.539), LDL (P=0.537), HDL (P=0.676), TG (P=0.531), VLDL (P=0.529) in subclinical hypothyroidism women.
Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that 5 months of Aerobics exercise leads to non-significant changes in serum lipid profiles in subclinical hypothyroidism women. Thus, 5 months of Aerobic exercise does not affect the improvement of serum lipid profiles in subclinical hypothyroidism women.
Mohammad Fathizadeh, Sahar Alimoradi,
Volume 24, Issue 4 (8-2020)
Abstract
Background: In patients with subclinical hypothyroidism the levels of cortisol decrease and the levels of glucose and insulin resistance increase. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 5 months aerobic exercise training with and without Levothyroxine on serum cortisol, glucose, insulin and insulin resistance in subclinical hypothyroidism women.
Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, after obtaining written consent, 25 subclinical hypothyroidism women were divided into three groups: drug-exercise (n=8), exercise (n=7), and drug (n=10). Aerobic exercise training consisted of 3 sessions per week for 5 months with 50% maximal heart rate in the first week and 75% maximal heart rate in the last week. The drug group was inactive persons who took only one dose of 0.1 mg sodium Levothyroxine tablets daily. Serum levels of cortisol, fasting plasma sugar, insulin and insulin resistance were measured in three groups before and after 5 months. Data were analyzed using analysis of MANOVA.
Results: The results of MANOVA and intergroup analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the three groups in the levels of plasma sugar (P=0.273), insulin (P=0.062), insulin resistance (P=0.070) and cortisol (P=0.123).
Conclusion: It seems that 5 months of aerobics exercise with and without Levothyroxine leads to non-significant changes in serum cortisol, plasma sugar, insulin and insulin resistance in subclinical hypothyroidism women.
Habib Baradaran, Farhad Rahmaninia, Alireza Elmieh,
Volume 24, Issue 6 (12-2020)
Abstract
Background: Irisin is expressed from Fndc5 protein in muscle cells and affects obesity and energy metabolism by converting white fat to brown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of 8 weeks of combined exercises on irisin levels and relationship between serum glucose in overweight men.
Materials and Methods: This semi experimental study was performed using a pre-test and post-test design, twenty two overweight young men (body mass index=28.67± 0.96 and age = 31.50±2.23) were selected and divided randomly into the two experimental groups: combined exercises (n=11) and control (n = 11). Combined exercise protocol (aerobic with of 65-85% of maximum heart rate and resistance with 50% of 1RM) was for 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week blood samples were taken from the subjects 24 and 48 hours before and after the research project to measure the serum level of irisin and glucose. Data were analyzed by t-test and Pearson correlations test.
Result: The results of the study showed that irisin levels decreased following 8 weeks of training intervention but this decrease was not significant (P=0.14), and serum glucose did not decrease significantly after 8 weeks of training (P>0.05). Pearson correlation coefficient did not show a significant relationship between irisin and serum glucose levels (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Combined exercise is one of the exercise methods to lose weight and achieve fitness in overweight people, which by converting white adipose to brown adipose to increase energy metabolism which helps overweight people.
Rastegar Hoseini, Vahid Parvizi Mastali,
Volume 25, Issue 3 (7-2021)
Abstract
Background: Regular exercise prevents type 2 diabetes and improves the health status of individuals with type 2 diabetes by increasing insulin sensitivity. This review study aimed to investigate the effect of different exercise training on insulin sensitivity.
Materials and Methods: To access the scientific researchers, the keywords insulin, insulin sensitivity, insulin resistance, diabetes, exercise training, exercise, resistance training, aerobic training, and HIIT were searched on PubMed, SID, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. One hundred thirteen articles were found in the initial search of which 17 duplicate articles were removed. Then, 72 unrelated articles from the scope of the review were removed, and finally, the present study was conducted by reviewing 24 articles.
Results: Studies show that different types of exercise increase insulin sensitivity, and some studies have shown that insulin sensitivity will increase even without weight loss.
Conclusion: The present review identifies that aerobic, resistance, HIIT, and combined exercises (of any intensity, duration, and type) lead to increased insulin sensitivity in individuals of any age, gender, BMI, healthy, or with type 2 diabetes or other diseases.
Saeed Daneshyar, Zahra Mirakhori, Yazdan Forutan,
Volume 26, Issue 6 (12-2022)
Abstract
Background: Transcription Factor EB (TFEB) and Transcription Factor E2F1 play an important role in metabolism. This study investigated the effect of exercise training and high-fat diet on the gene expression of these factors in the visceral adipose tissue of mice.
Materials and Methods: In the experimental study, 28 male mice (C57BL/6) were assigned into four groups included Control, High-Fat Diet (HFD), Exercise Training (ET), and High-Fat Diet with Exercise Training (HFD-ET). The subjects of HFD were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. The mice of ET performed continuous endurance training on a treadmill for six weeks. The mice of HFD-ET had six weeks of endurance training in addition to having the HFD. The Real-Time–PCR methods were used to measure the gene expression of TFEB and E2F1.
Results: 1) The gene expression of TFEB was increased by HFD and ET (P<0.05). 2) The combination of HFD and ET had an increasing effect on TFEB (P=0.02); However, this effect was not higher than ET and HFD, separately (P>0.05). 3) HFD caused an increase in E2F1 (P=0.03). 4) Neither ET nor combined HFD and ET significantly increased the expression of E2F1 (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Continuous endurance training has a similar effect (no opposite effect) to the high-fat diet on gene expression of TFEB. Further, it could be thought that this exercise training may partly negate the increasing effect of the high-fat diet on E2F1 expression.
Firouzeh Maskanati, Seyedeh Ommolbanin Ghasemian, Rahmatollah Khanmohammadi, Omidreza Salehi,
Volume 26, Issue 6 (12-2022)
Abstract
Background: The use of doxorubicin for therapeutic purposes is associated with the occurrence of kidney disorders. However, this study aimed to investigate the interactive effects of aerobic training and Crocin supplementation on B-lymphocyte lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) in kidney tissue of rats exposed to doxorubicin.
Materials and Methods: 40 male Wistar rats (age 8-10 weeks, weight 200-220 grams) were randomly divided to groups: (1) healthy control, (2) doxorubicin (2 mg/kg/day), (3) doxorubicin+training, (4) doxorubicin+crocin and (5) doxorubicin+exercise+crocin. Aerobic training was performed for eight weeks, three sessions a week (with an intensity of 60-70% of VO2max); and crocin was gavaged 50 mg/kg/day. To analyze the data, one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's post hoc test was used (P≥0.05).
Results: Bax and Bax/BCL2 ratio were lower in doxorubicin+crocin and doxorubicin+exercise+crocin groups and BCL2 values were higher than doxorubicin group (P=0.001). Bax and Bax/BCL2 ratio in doxorubicin+exercise group were lower than doxorubicin group (P=0.001). Bax and Bax/BCL2 ratio were lower in doxorubicin+exercise+crocin group and BCL2 was higher in this group than doxorubicin+crocin group (P=0.001). BCL2 in the doxorubicin+exercise+crocin group was higher and the Bax/BCL2 ratio in this group was lower than the doxorubicin+exercise group (P=0.001).
Conclusion: It seems that aerobic training with reduction of Bax and Crocin with increase of BCL2 have favorable effects on the inhibition of apoptosis in the kidney tissues of rats. But these two interventions have an interactive effect in inhibiting the apoptosis of kidney tissue following exposure to doxorubicin.
Mousa Khalafi, Mohammad Borzuk, Amir Ghanbarpour,
Volume 27, Issue 2 (5-2023)
Abstract
Background: Brain-derived neurogenic factor (BDNF) plays an effective role in improving neurological processes, therefore it is a therapeutic target for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effect of exercise training on the circulating levels of BDNF in patients with MS.
Materials and Methods: PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched until April 2023 for exercise training studies on BDNF circulation levels in MS patients. This search was performed using the keywords: "exercise training", "BDNF" and "MS". Standardized mean difference (SMD) effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using CMA2 software.
Results: 20 exercise interventions from a total of 15 studies including 603 subjects with MS were included in the meta-analysis. The results of data analysis showed that exercise training with a small and significant effect size leads to an increase in the circulating levels of BDNF in patients with MS [0.45 (CI: 0.18 to 0.72), P=0.001].
Conclusions: exercise training leads to the positive regulation of BDNF in patients with MS, which may play an important role in controlling this disease.
Phd Sajjad Ramezani, Ameneh Poorrahim, Mohsen Yaghoubi, Phd Mina Rasuli,
Volume 27, Issue 3 (5-2023)
Abstract
Background: Different sport exercises may have different effects on the control and treatment of diabetes. The aim of this review was to analyze the recent studies related to the effect of different sports activities on the indicators related to type 2 diabetes.
Materials and Methods: Persian and Latin databases of PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Magiran and SID were searched using the keywords, including exercise training, resistance training, high-intensity interval training, diabetes, insulin sensitivity, HbA1c, aerobic training and combined training to retrieve published papers during 2010-2022.
Results: In total, out of 140 papers in the initial screening, 35 papers were finally reviewed. Aerobic exercises and especially high-intensity interval training (HIIT) may have faster effects in the process of controlling and reducing blood sugar in patients, however, the positive effects of resistance exercises remain for a longer period.
Conclusion: The beneficial effects of various types of sport exercises in controlling the glycemic indices of patients with type 2 diabetes have been proven. However, the present study showed that the beneficial effects of resistance exercises compared to endurance exercises can last for a longer period. Thus, it is suggested that sport medicine experts should pay attention to the importance of the type and form of sport exercises when presenting exercise programs to patients.
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