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:: Search published articles ::
Showing 114 results for Exercise

Ali Esmaili Nadimi, Hossein Nough, Jafar Ahmadi Kohanali,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (1-2004)
Abstract

Background: Coronary artery disease is one the most common and fatal disease worldwide. The primary management of CAD is medical however, coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is a reliable method of treatment. The present study was vonducted with the aim of determining the effect of coronary artery bypass graft on exercise test and ejection fraction in patients with coronary artery disease.

Materials and methods: This clinical trial was performed on 40 patients candidated for CABG. All patients had undertaken exercise test and echocardiography before and 3-6 months after the surgery. McNemar and paired t-test were used for data analysis.

Results: The study population included 28 males and 12 females with the mean age of 59.2 years. The mean ejection fraction of the left ventricle (LVEF) was about 50% before and after the surgery that did not show any significant difference. Mean time of exercise test was 6.79±1.7 and 8.3±1.7 minutes before and after the surgery, respectively (p<0.0001). The prevalence of dyspnea, angina pectoris and positive ET were 62.5, 82.5, and 92.5% before and 17.5, 17.5, and 37.5% after the surgery that revealed a significant difference (P<0.01).

Conclusion: CABG shows positive changes on dyspnea, pectoris angina, and ET tolerance improvement, however, could not change ejection fraction. Further studies are strongly suggested.


, Hasan Hasani, ,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (4-2005)
Abstract

Background: Coronary stents have been the major advance in percutaneous coronary intervention in the last decade and are used in patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of clinical instent restenosis on the basis of exercise test in patients with coronary disease.

Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional strategy of this study was carried out on 345 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. In this study six months after stent implantation, clinical evaluation was performed by noninvasive study in patients.

Results: Of 345 patients, 26 patients were excluded for various causes. There was instent restenonis in 20.7% of patients. In those who had abnormal exercise test, stent had been implanted in left anterior descending artery more than other coronary arteries and they had also shown unstable angina pectoris and myocardial infarction before stent implantation.

Conclusion: The incidence of restenosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome was more than choronic stable angina pectoris.


Asghar Akbari, Hossein Karimi, Anoushirvan Kazemnezhad, Mogde Ghabaii,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (4-2006)
Abstract

Background: Hemiparesis is the most common cause of disability after stroke. The role of concentric exercises has not been recognized in anticipatory postural adjustment due to controversy on the effects of these exercises on upper motor neuron lesions. The purpose of this study was to determine feed forward responses disturbances of postural control mechanism and the effects of concentric exercises of involved lower-extremity muscles on the treatment of these impairments in hemiparetic patients of Kahrizak Charity Foundation in 2003.

Methods and Materials: Thirty four secondary hemiparetic patients to stroke were participated in this clinical trial. All patients were screened to ensure that their time since onset of stroke was at least 12 months. Patients were assigned randomly to either an experimental group or a control one. The isometric strength (kg) of seven muscle groups was measured with a hand-held dynamometer. Feed forward responses (ordinal scale) were assessed using Functional Reach Test (FRT) before and after 12 sessions of intervention. All patients were assessed by two raters who were blinded group allocation. The experimental group received strengthening exercises in addition to functional and balance exercises. The control group received only functional and balance exercises. Independent and paired t-tests, Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests were used to compare the pretreatment and post-treatment results.

Results : The mean age of experimental group and control group was 49.3 ± 7.1 and 55.5 ± 3, respectively. In parallel feet position, anticipatory postural adjustments increased only in the experimental group, significantly from 1.29±0.2 to 2.9±0.17 after intervention (P<0.0001). In this position, the comparison of post-treatment results showed that mean of anticipatory postural adjustments in experimental group (2.9±0.17) was higher that in control that in (1.18±0.18) (P<0.0001). A significant improvement (P<0.0001) was seen in the experimental (1.59±0.21) compared to control group (0.12±0.08) with respect to mean difference of FRT. All muscular groups strength was correlated significantly with the FRT scores in tandem (r=0.483-0.726) and parallel (r=0.401-0.645) feet position.

Conclusion: The results of this study support the effectiveness of muscle strength training of involved lower extremity to improve feed forward responses of postural control mechanism for anticipatory postural adjustment in hemiparetic patients in the chronic stage of rehabilitation following stroke. The results also are in support of using the involved lower extremity muscle strength to evaluate postural anticipatory control.


Mohsen Taghadosi, Mahmood Seyedy, Sayyed Golam Abas Mousavi, Javad Fathgharib,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (10-2009)
Abstract

Background: High lipid serum level was a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of Lovastatin and exercise on hyperlipidemic patients at Kashan Shahid Beheshti Hospital during 2005–6.

Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial study was carried out on hyperlipidemic patients (age>30 years). After registering the personal data of the patients the participants were selected based on the inclusion criteria (HDL<35 mg/dl, LDL≥160 mg/dl, TG≥200 mg/dl, Chol≥200 mg/dl). the Lovastatin group (40 mg/daily) and the exercise group (waking 35 minutes/day, 3 times a week). The clinical tests were repeated for six consecutive weeks. Data were analyzed using t-Test, Wilcoxon Signed Rample Test, Kolomogorou-Smirnov Test, Mann-Whitney Test, levens Test.

Results: from Ninety-six out of 150 cases were hyperlipidmic signifying that only 80 (59 male, mean age 55.12±8.4 case and control 55.35±9.2 years) out of 150 hyperlipidemic patients were qualified for the study. The mean decrease in TG level between the Lovastatin and exercise groups were 21.4 (P=0.2) and 20.5 mg/dl (P=0.2), respectively. The mean decrease in cholesterol level between Lovastatin and exercise groups were 41.3 and 1.5 mg/dL (P=0.001). The mean decrease in LDL level between Lovastatin and exercise groups were 35.8 and 8.5 mg/dl (P<0.001), respectively. Finally, the mean increase in HDL level between Lovastatin and exercise groups were 5.4 and 0.4 mg/dl.

Conclusion: exercise may be effective for decreasing the LDL. While Lovastatin could decrease the total cholesterol TG and increase HDL levels, using a combination is recommended for hyperlipidemic patients.


Gholam Reza Bayat, Sohrab Hajizadeh, Mohammad Javan, Fatemeh Safari, Mahdi Goodarzvand, Saeed Shokri, Khalil Pourkhalili , Firozeh Alavian ,
Volume 16, Issue 2 (5-2012)
Abstract

Background: The anabolic androgenic steroids are known to stimulate muscle protein synthesis and hypertrophy. Cardiomyocytes have two types of ATP-sensitive potassium channels in sarcolemma (sarcKATP) and in mitochondria (mitKATP). Activation of the sarcKATP channels has been proposed to protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury. This study aimed to investigate the effect of nandrolone decanoate on the expression of sarcKATP channels in the presence and absence of exercise in rat heart.

Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 40 adult male rats were divided into five groups: control, vehicle, ND, exercise and exercise-ND group. Rats in the exercise group were submitted to a running program on a treadmill, 5 days a week for 10 weeks. In addition, rats in the ND and exercise-ND groups received a weekly intramuscular injection of ND (10 mg/kg) for 10 weeks. Expression of the KATP channel subunits (Kir6.2 and SUR2) was determined using the Western blotting method.

Results: ND administration had no effect on the expression of sarcKATP channel subunits in the sedentary group, while the chronic exercise significantly increased the expression of KATP channel subunits (P=0.01). Moreover, the ND administration significantly decreased the Kir6.2 (P=0.001) and SUR2 (P=0.05) subunits in the exercised animals.

Conclusion: Chronic exercise and ND increases and decreases the expression of sarcKATP channels, respectively. The ND-induced expression decrement of channels is probably one of the mechanisms involved in the impairment of exercise-induced cardioprotection in rat heart.


Fariba Raygan, Mohsen Taghadosi , Hasan Rajabi-Moghadam , Alireza Hoseini , Sayyed Alireza Moravveji ,
Volume 17, Issue 2 (5-2013)
Abstract

Background: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is predicted to be the most common cause of death worldwide by 2020. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) as a secondary preventive measure can reduce the cardiac risk factors, mortality and morbidity, and improve the quality of life in such patients. This study aimed to investigate the effect of an 8-week CR program on clinical and paraclinical findings of patients with IHD.

Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was performed on IHD patients referred to Kashan Shahid Beheshti hospital. Patients were allocated the two groups (rehabilitation and control). The rehabilitation group received an 8-week rehabilitation program the clinical and paraclinical evaluations were performed before and after the program.

Results: This study showed that body weight, BMI, HDL, TG, FBS, resting heart rate and the systolic and diastolic blood pressure, quality of life, exercise capacity, maximal oxygen uptake during exercise and the numbers of recurrent hospitalization were significantly improved in the rehabilitation group (P<0.001). The rehabilitation program had no effect on the platelet count, frequency and duration of chest pain, total cholesterol, and LDL.

Conclusion: Using an 8-week cardiac rehabilitation program can be beneficial in the management of IHD patients and ultimately can reduce the risk factors of the heart diseases, improve the quality of life and reduce the risk of disease exacerbation.


Mohammad Ebrahim Bahram , Mahdi Najjarian, Mansoor Sayyah, Hosein Mojtahedi,
Volume 17, Issue 2 (5-2013)
Abstract

Background: An elevated homocysteine level is a serious risk factor among the cardiovascular risk factors. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of an eight-week aerobic exercise on the homocysteine level and VO2max and also to determine the correlation between the homocysteine level and VO2max.

Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 28 male students from Iran University of Science and Technology, who passed the primary physical training course, were randomly divided into the experimental and control groups (age= 19.14±1.24, weight= 70.13±11.76 kg, height= 175.42±5.86 cm, body fat percentage= 19.11±5.98). Blood samples were taken from each participant in both groups and the experimental group performed the Bruce test (VO2max) and an eight-week aerobic exercise program three times a week with the intensity near 60-75 percent of maximum heart rate.

Results: Results of this study showed no significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the homocysteine level in posttest (P=0.75), but a significant difference was seen between the two groups in VO2max (P=0.0001). However, no significant correlation was seen between the homocysteine level and VO2max (P=0.40, r=0.16).

Conclusion: Although an eight-week aerobic exercise program in young non-athlete men has no significant effect on the homocysteine level, it can increase the Vo2max.


Narges Sedaghati, Ahmad Hematfar, Naser Behpour,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (6-2013)
Abstract

Background: In recent years, a special emphasis has been placed on the abdominal transverse and multifidus muscles for the treatment of back pain and lumbar lordosis. Evidence reveals the difference in the function of these muscles among the individuals. This study aimed to examine the effect of a selected spinal core-muscle stabilization training in water on pain intensity and lumbar lordosis of female college students.

Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 43 volunteer students (22 and 21 in each of the experimental and control groups, respectively mean age 18-25) with the history of low back pain. The experimental groups performed a 12-week hydrotherapy exercise (3 sessions per week) under the supervision of researcher and the control group did not perform any muscle training. Data were collected using a Quebec questionnaire and a flexible ruler on the first and last days of training for each participant.

Results: Results showed a significant decrease in back pain intensity and lumbar lordosis angle (P≤0.0001) in the experimental group, while no significant difference was observed between pretest and posttest data in the control group.

Conclusion: Findings reveal that the core-muscle stabilization training of the spinal cord in water decreases the pain intensity and lumbar lordosis angle.


Rahim Golmohammadi , Seyyed Mehdi Beheshti-Nasr ,
Volume 18, Issue 2 (4-2014)
Abstract

Background: Controversial results were reported on the effect‌ of exercise on the histology of hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) in pentyleneterazole-(PTZ) kindled animals. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of physical exercise on the histology of hippocampal DG in kindled rats.

Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 40 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal groups: control without exercise, PTZ without exercise, control + exercise and PTZ + exercise groups. After a 6 week-period training, the rats were deeply anesthetized and sacrificed and then their brains dissected out and fixed in formalin (10%). After tissue processing and sectioning, the samples were stained. An immunohistochemical method was used to determine the rate of cell death in hippocampal neurons.

Results: Results showed that a 6 week-period training significantly increased the mean number of normal cells in DG in the PTZ + exercise group compared to the PTZ without exercise group. Moreover, the mean number of normal cells in DG in the control + exercise group was significantly increased compared to the control without exercise group. The rate of cell death of DG neurons in PTZ groups was increased significantly compared to the other groups.

Conclusion: Experimental seizure using PTZ-kindling method can decrease the number of normal cells in DG neurons of hippocampus, while exercise delays the morphological changes of DG cells.


Mohammad Ebrahim Bahram, Fatemeh Assarian, Fatemeh Atoof , Mohsen Taghadosi, Negar Akkasheh, Godarz Akkasheh,
Volume 18, Issue 2 (4-2014)
Abstract

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the prevalent disorders in child psychiatry with the potential of damage to mental talent evolution process and socio-emotional skills. This study aimed to examine the effect of an aerobic running program on ADHD among the primary school girls.

Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial study, 120 female students with ADHD were purposefully selected from the primary schools in Kashan during 2011-12. The child symptom inventory-DSM-IV version (CSI-4) was completed by the students' teachers and parents and then 30 students with the severe ADHD were divided into the control and experimental groups using the randomized block method. The experimental group performed a 12-week interval running program, 3 times per week, with a maximum heart rate of 60-85%. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis.

Results: Results showed that a 12-week interval running program had beneficial effects on ADHD in the experimental compared to the control group (P<0.001).

Conclusion: It seems that an aerobic training as a non-invasive and non-drug alternative has a positive effect on the alleviation of ADHD.


Ali Zarghami-Khameneh , Afshar Jafari,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (6-2014)
Abstract

Background: Some scientific data have been reported the positive effects of caffeine compounds on modulating the signs of delayed onset muscle soreness. The present study was conducted to identify the effect of different doses of caffeine on some serum markers of muscular damage in male volleyball players after a single session of exhaustive exercise.

Materials and Methods: In a randomized double-blind study, 30 male volleyball players (mean age 21.47±1.45 years, fat percent 10.47±3.11% and BMI 23.15±1.26 kg.m2) were allocated into three equal groups: the supplement (6 and 9 mg.kg-1 caffeine) and placebo (6 mg.kg-1 dextrose) groups. After the supplementation, all subjects were participated in a single session of resistant weight-training (80% until exhaustion). Changes in the muscular damage indices including total serum creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase were determined in three phases (baseline, immediately and 24 hours after the training).

Results: The results showed that the different doses of caffeine had no significant effect on the increased levels of serum enzymes of muscular damage immediately after exercise compared to the placebo group (P≥0.05). Moreover, different doses of caffeine had no effect on the increased levels of muscle damage markers 24 hours after the exercise (P≥0.05).

Conclusion: Although the different doses of caffeine cannot significantly prevent further muscular damage, it cannot lead to the further deterioration of indirect indices of muscle damage.


Masoud Babaei , Zahra Tajamoli ,
Volume 18, Issue 5 (10-2014)
Abstract

Background: Phelan-McDermid syndrome is a rare genetic disorder with an unknown prevalence. The overall developmental delay as a hallmark of the syndrome requires the rehabilitational interventions. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of motor rehabilitation on an established syndrome of Phelan-McDermid.
Case Report: In this study, a four-year old child with Phelan-McDermid syndrome diagnosis is reported. His gross motor skills and upper extremity functional skills were delayed. Accordingly, a 12-week motor rehabilitation program was planned and carried out.
Conclusion: Findings of this case report show that the common approaches to motor rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy and motor delay are applicable for children diagnosed with Phelan-McDermid syndrome. However, further studies are required to generalize the findings.
Hamid Reza Zolfi, Vahid Sari-Sarraf , Hosein Babaei, Ramin Amirsasan,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (7-2015)
Abstract

Background: There are a few studies about the positive effects of exercise and polyphenols supplementation on reduction of cardiovascular risk factors. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of short-term grape seed extract (GSE) supplementation on lipid profile and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels after an aerobic exercise in non-athlete men.

Materials and Methods: In a randomized double-blind study, 20 non-athlete men (age range, 19±1 years, body fat 12.20%±3%, body mass index 22.22±2, and VO2max 39.28±2 ml.kg-1.min-1) were allocated into two equal groups (n=10): the GSE supplementation (200 mg/day) and placebo groups. The hs-CRP, triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) levels were measured before and after the supplementation and after an aerobic exercise protocol with 75% VO2max on the motorized treadmill for 30 minutes.

Results: The results showed a significant reduction in TG and a significant increase in hs-CRP after the exercise in both groups (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between groups in HDL-C, LDL-C, and TC levels (P>0.05). In addition, there was a significant decrease in TC levels subsequent GSE supplementation (P<0.05).

Conclusion: A single session of aerobic exercise has no significant effect on lipid profiles except TG and can lead to an increase in the hs-CRP concentration. However, the short-term GSE supplementation can just improve the TC of lipid profile.


Narges Ghamari, Shahla Rafeei , Ramezan Soltani , Zahra Ghamari,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (7-2015)
Abstract

Background: Down's syndrome is one of the most common genetic disorders characterized by generalized muscular hypotonia and deficits in motor skills. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of perceptual motor exercises on perceptual motor function and drawing skills of children with Down's syndrome.

Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was conducted using an available sample based on single-system design (AB design). The participants in this study were evaluated twice a week in the baseline phase. After core stability assessment, they were trained with perceptual motor exercise in the treatment phase for 1.5 months every 3 sessions per week for 60 minutes. To investigate the changes in baseline and treatment phases, the C statistic and Bayesian analysis were used.

Results: The obtained results revealed that perceptual motor exercises had a moderate to strong effect on perceptual motor function in only one of the participants and had a weak effect on drawing skills in two of the participants, very strong effect in two of the participants and moderate effect in one of the participant and also these exercises had a very strong effect on visual motor coordination in four participants and strong to very strong effect in one of them.

Conclusion: The findings show that perceptual motor exercises can be an effective intervention to improve visual-motor coordination and subsequently drawing skills in children with Down's syndrome.


Bahram Abedi, Reza Abbasi-Bakhtiari ,
Volume 19, Issue 4 (9-2015)
Abstract

Background: Physiological stress resulting from physical activity is one of the potential regulators of leptin secretion from adipose tissue. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a 12-week combined training (CT) program on serum leptin, C-reactive protein (CRP) and the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) in over weight men.
Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 30 sedentary men (20.97±1.9 years old, and body mass index (BMI) of 26.47±0.75 kg.m-2) were randomly allocated into the experimental (n=20) and control (n=10) groups. The experimental group performed a CT program (aerobic exercise: 60%-70% of their maximal oxygen uptake for 20 min and resistance exercise: 2 sets of 10 repetitions at 70% of 1 repetition maximum). The control group did not perform the physical exercises. At the end of the CT, blood samples were collected from the experimental group. Dependent variables were measured before and 12 weeks after the CT program.
Results: At the end of the 12 weeks, there were a significant reduction in serum CRP (1.45±0.27 mg. l-1 versus 1.39±0.3 mg. l-1, P<0.05), leptin (7.27±0.68 ng.ml-1 versus 7.24±0.65 ng.ml-1, P<0.05) and insulin resistance index (1.6±0.14 versus 1.5±0.23, P<0.05).
Conclusion: A 12-week CT program can cause to decrease leptin, CRP and insulin resistance index in over weight men, and this improvement occurred in the presence of increased cardio respiratory fitness but is independent of measurable changes in weight and BMI.


Shahnaz Shahrjerdi , Masoud Golpayegani , Fahimeh Mahmoudi ,
Volume 19, Issue 4 (9-2015)
Abstract

Background: Women with hyperkyphosis have impaired balance and increased body sway, which can increase their risk of falls. Impaired balance and poor postural stability are the main risk factors for falling. This study aimed to study the effect of corrective exercises on balance in elderly women with hyperkyphosis.
Methods and Materials: In this quasi experimental study, 30 adult women (age range, 60-75 years old) were selected using a purposive sampling and assigned randomly into the experimental and control groups. Participants in the experimental group took part in an 8-week (3 sessions a week) corrective exercise program. In this period, the control group did not receive any corrective exercise program. The flexicurve ruler and Berg balance scale were used in pre- and post-tests to measure kyphosis angle and balance, respectively. This study was conducted in Spring 2014 at Jahandideh Nursing Home in Arak city, Iran. The number of falls and fears of falling was also recorded. To analyze data, dependent t-test and covariate analysis at a significance level of P<0.05 were used.
Results: Twenty-six participants completed post-test measures. The Kyphosis angle changed from 50.58 to 48.84 degrees (P=0.002) and a significant improvement was observed in the Berg scale (P<0.0001). Moreover, fear of falling was decreased significantly. In the experimental group, the number of people at risk of falling was reduced from 7 to 2 cases.
Conclusion: A corrective exercise program can be effective in reducing the angle of kyphosis and improving balance in elderly and thus it can decrease risk of falling.


Elaheh Malekyian-Fini , Atefeh Kaviani-Nia , Fahimeh Mahmoudi,
Volume 19, Issue 5 (12-2015)
Abstract

Background: An increase in the level of inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and metabolic profile are associated with increased cardiovascular diseases and are common in patients with type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to examine the interactive effect of aerobic training and resveratrol supplementation on CRP and metabolic profiles in women with type 2 diabetes.

Materials and Methods: Twenty-seven women with type 2 diabetes­ (mean age of 27.9 years old, the fat percentage of 35.7% and BMI 28.3 kg.m2) were randomly assigned to three groups: aerobic training, aerobic exercise with supplements, and control. The first and second experimental groups performed aerobic exercise for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week, with 60%-75% of maximum heart rate in each session for 40-50 minutes. The second group in addition to aerobic exercise received 400 mL of resveratrol supplement daily for 60 days. Changes in the indices, ­including CRP, LDL-C, HDL-C, fasting blood glucose, atherogenic index, total cholesterol, triglycerides and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) were measured before and 48 hours after the last session.

Results: No significant reduction was found in the mean CRP level in the second group (P=0.123). Also, combination of resveratrol supplement and aerobic training significantly reduced fasting blood glucose­ (P=0.008), LDL-C (P=0.002), and atherogenic index­ (P=0.001), and significantly increased HDL-C­ (P=0.03), while it had no significant effect on total cholesterol ­(P=0.25), triglycerides ­(P=0.88) and risk of CHD ­(P= 0.14).

Conclusion: Aerobic exercise along with resveratrol supplement seems to be a useful method for prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases and improving health in women with type 2 diabetes.


Fereshteh Shahidi, Majid Kashef , Mina Maleki ,
Volume 19, Issue 5 (12-2015)
Abstract

Background: Most studies have shown that prolonged and intense exercise can result in oxidative damage to cells by producing reactive nitrogen and oxygen species, which can lead to chronic fatigue and inflammation and consequently decrease athletic performance. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of omega-3 supplements on inflammation caused by maximal aerobic exercise in active young females.

Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial study, 30 female students were selected from faculty of physical education and sport sciences of Bu Ali Sina University in Hamedan city, Iran, after completing the consent and health forms and allocated into two groups (15 students each): the omega-3 and placebo. The supplement group received 3 capsules of omega-3 fatty acids (3000 mg) daily and the placebo group consumed 3 capsules of soybean oil daily for 2 weeks. The prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) serum levels were measured before and after supplementation and immediately after exercise until exhaustion.

Results: The results of the repeated measurements showed that the serum PGE2 levels, at rest and after intense exercise were reduced in the omega-3 group and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P&le0.001).

Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, the omega-3 supplementation may be useful to prevent decreased athletic performance induced by inflammatory PGE2 effects in aerobic intense activity.


Somayeh Aram, Mohsen Ghofrani, Abbas Salehikia ,
Volume 20, Issue 1 (4-2016)
Abstract

Background: The addicts have a lower state of health and physical activity compared to general population. While exercise can improve the health status of the addicts even in cases that they have an impaired condition due to the substance abuse, it may have many behavioral and physiological benefits in the recovery process of such people. So, the aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of a 10 week aerobic exercise along with vitamin E supplementation on blood pressure, heart rate and VO2 max of addicted women.

Materials and Methods: The participants were the addicted women taken from a quit addiction camp in Zahedan. Based on available subjects sampling 38 addicted women were selected and classified into four groups: Exercise + Placebo (n=10), Exercise + Vitamin E (n=10), Vitamin E (n=10) and Placebo (n=8), which received the supplement and placebo for 10 weeks. The experimental group was studied for 10 weeks, three sessions per week (each lasting 40-50 minutes) with a maximum heart rate of 40-75%.

Results: The findings indicated that the VO2 max of Placebo, Exercise + Placebo, and Exercise + Vitamin E groups were increased compared to the Control group (P<0.05), but no significant difference was observed for blood pressure and heart rate in the  Placebo group.

Conclusion: It seems that aerobic exercises may affect the health status of addicted women through an increased VO2 max and independent of vitamin E supplementation.


Bakhtiar Tartibian, Maryam Shabani, Bahman Ebrahimi-Torkamani ,
Volume 20, Issue 1 (4-2016)
Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between T lymphocytes (CD4+, CD8+), NK (CD56+), CD4+/CD8+ ratio and maximal oxygen pulse among the active girls in response to an intense aerobic physical activity.

Materials and Methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted on 20-25 years old active women. To estimate maximal oxygen pulse and immune response parameters, GXT treadmill test was performed. In order to evaluate the immune system response to intense physical activity, blood samples were obtained at 3 times (before, immediately after and 2 hours after the exercise).

Results: The T-CD4+cells and CD4+/CD8+ rations were significantly decreased after an intense aerobic physical activity (P<0.05). However, the levels of CD8+ and CD56+ cells were significantly increased after the same physical activity. The results also showed a significant positive relationship between maximal oxygen pulse and CD8+,  CD56+ cells level (r=0.699, P<0.001), (r=0.49, P≤0.009). In addition, there was a significant negative relationship between maximal oxygen pulse and CD4+ (r=-0.645, P≤0.008), CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratios (r= - 0.539, P<0.002).

Conclusion: The findings of this research showed that in active women the maximal oxygen pulse, as an indicator of the efficiency of the cardiovascular system, has strong relationship with some immune system parameters.



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