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Showing 11 results for Addiction
Sayed Mojtaba Banitaba, Hojatollah Alaei,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (4-2004)
Abstract
Background: It has been postulated that there is a probable relationship between opioid and adrenergic systems. In the present study we have evaluated the effect of morphine alone and together with clonidine (α2 agonist) and Idazoxan (α2 antagonist) on morphine dependency in rat. Materials and methods: For this experimental study, 32 rats were divided in 4 groups of control, morphine, morphine with clonidine and morphine with idazoxan. Having anesthesized the rats with ketamine and rammpon, jugular vein was cannulated and rats were addicted with autoinjection method. All groups were evaluated with lever pressing during 2-hour stay in autoinjection chamber. Morphine dependency was evaluated by ANOVA. Results: There was no significant difference between the active and passive lever pressing in the control rats, however, in other groups active lever pressing was significantly more than the passive pressing. Clonidine group consumed more morphine and the idozoxan group pressed lever more actively than the controls (p<0.05). Conclusion: Clonidine decreases dependency level however idazoxan increases this dependency to morphine. Stimulatory effect of clonidine on α2 adrenergic receptors in LC nucleolus decreases the dependency to morphine, however, the inhibitory effect of idazoxan on α2 adrenergic receptors stimulate noradernaline release and increase dependency to morphine.
Mousa Sahebgharani, Alireza Partoazar, Sayyed Vahid Shetab Boshehri , Ali Ahadi, Sayyed Shahabedin Sadr,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (2-2010)
Abstract
Background: Addiction to opioid drugs is considered as a problem throughout the world. Addiction can be studied concerning: social, medical and psychological aspects. The social aspect of addiction is quite important. For example, the negative result of addiction test is a requirement for marriage and job by law. On the other hand, frauds in addiction tests have been reported (such as displacement of urine from bladder, alkalization or acidification of urine and taking of diuretics or oral contraceptives). Materials and Methods: In the present study, two different chronic morphine administration protocols (tolerance and dependency models) were applied. Estrogen and progesterone were given prior and simultaneously with morphine. After the last injection of morphine, urine samples were taken every 6 h for 24 h. Then morphine was quantitatively detected by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Data analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA and repeated measures ANOVA test followed by Student-Newman-Keuls test. Conjugated morphine was measured by the subtraction of free part of morphine from the total one in the urine samples. Results: Our results indicated that prior administration of estrogen and progesterone increased the metabolism of morphine 6 and 12 h after the last injection, while no significant change was detected after 18 and 24 h. Conclusion: In summary, it can be concluded that estrogen and progesterone transiently affect the metabolism of morphine. Thus, the effect of the sex hormones on morphine metabolism is not clinically important.
Farnaz Tavakoli, Seyyed Ebrahim Hoseini , Mokhtar Mokhtari, Akbar Vahdati ,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (4-2014)
Abstract
Background: Addiction, as a behavioral and physiological disorder, is one of the most serious challenges facing all communities. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of memory attenuation by cholinergic antagonist and light music on morphine dependency. Materials and Methods: In this study, 70 male mature mice (weight, 30-35g) were divided into the control, witness and experimental groups. The experimental groups were treated with morphine, trihexyphenidyl, light music, morphine+trihexyphenidyl, morphine+light music, respectively. Morphine was used to create dependency and trihexyphenidyl as a memory attenuation agent. Instrumental music was also used to examine the relaxing effects of music. To estimate the level of dependency, conditioned place preference (CPP) was used. Results: There was no significant difference in CPP between the control and witness, trihexyphenidyl, and light music groups. A significant increase was seen between the morphine and control group (P≤0.05), while a significant decrease was seen between the morphine+trihexyphenidyl and morphine group (P≤0.05). In addition, a significant increase was seen between morphine+light music and morphine group (P≤0.05). These results were continued for eight days after eliminating the drug and music. Conclusion: Trihexyphenidyl and light music may decrease and increase morphine-induced- CPP, respectively through the inhibition and stimulation of dopaminergic neurons.
Somayeh Aram, Mohsen Ghofrani, Abbas Salehikia ,
Volume 20, Issue 1 (4-2016)
Abstract
Background: The addicts have a lower state of health and physical activity compared to general population. While exercise can improve the health status of the addicts even in cases that they have an impaired condition due to the substance abuse, it may have many behavioral and physiological benefits in the recovery process of such people. So, the aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of a 10 week aerobic exercise along with vitamin E supplementation on blood pressure, heart rate and VO2 max of addicted women.
Materials and Methods: The participants were the addicted women taken from a quit addiction camp in Zahedan. Based on available subjects sampling 38 addicted women were selected and classified into four groups: Exercise + Placebo (n=10), Exercise + Vitamin E (n=10), Vitamin E (n=10) and Placebo (n=8), which received the supplement and placebo for 10 weeks. The experimental group was studied for 10 weeks, three sessions per week (each lasting 40-50 minutes) with a maximum heart rate of 40-75%.
Results: The findings indicated that the VO2 max of Placebo, Exercise + Placebo, and Exercise + Vitamin E groups were increased compared to the Control group (P<0.05), but no significant difference was observed for blood pressure and heart rate in the Placebo group.
Conclusion: It seems that aerobic exercises may affect the health status of addicted women through an increased VO2 max and independent of vitamin E supplementation.
Zahra Zanjani, Masumeh Moghbeli Hanzaii, Hamid Mohsenabadi,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (8-2018)
Abstract
Background: Cell phone plays an essential role in communications throughout the world. This question has been raised whether the over use of the cell-phone could lead to addiction. Addiction to cell phone use is characterized by the overuse and preoccupation with the mobile phone. So, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of depression, distress tolerance and difficulty in emotional regulation with addiction to cell-phone use in students of Kashan University.
Materials and Methods: In this analytical-descriptive study, 200 students of Kashan University in the academic year 2016-2017 were selected by the cluster sampling method. The research tools included the cell-phone over-use scale (COS, 2007(, Beck depression inventory (BDI), difficulty in emotion regulation scale (DERS), and distress tolerance scale (DTS).
Results: The results of the regression analysis showed that depression, distress tolerance and difficulty in emotional regulation explained more than 33% of the changes in addiction to cell-phone use. Also, there was a significant correlation between depression and addiction to cell-phone use (r=0.22, P<0.05). In addition, there was a significant correlation between distress tolerance (r=-0.47, P<0.05) and difficulty in emotion regulation (r=0.50, P<0.05) with cell-phone addiction in Kashan University students.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, addiction to cell-phone use can be predicted by three variables of depression, distress tolerance, and difficulty in emotion regulation. The difficulty in emotion regulation played a stronger role in this prediction.
Naser Khalaji, Yousef Rasmi, Fahimeh Sadeghi,
Volume 22, Issue 5 (10-2018)
Abstract
Background: The using of ecstasy pills or 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has severe damage to various systems of the body, including blood cells. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of curcumin (turmeric extract) on red blood cells and its hematological and biochemical indices with and after taking ecstasy.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 40 adult male rats were divided into five groups: group1; control without MDMA and Curcumin, group 2; received MDMA, group 3; received MDMA and curcumin, group 4; received MDMA for 15 days, then 15 days later, no drug injection and group 5; received MDMA for 15 days, then injection of curcumin for 15 days later. The blood samples were collected and then, blood smears were prepared to assess morphology of red bleed cells mean values morphology of red blood cells.
Results: The mean of red blood cell levels were significantly lower in MDMA recipient groups than in the control group. By using curcumin during and after taking ecstasy the level of red blood cells and hemoglobin were significantly decreased compared with that in the control group. Also, red blood cells were significantly decreased in the curcumin recipient groups compared with the MDMA groups. The total bilirubin levels in 2 and 4 groups which received MDMA alone, as well as in 3 and 5 groups received MDMA with curcumin were significantly higher than those in the control group.
Conclusion: The effect of curcumin during and after taking ecstasy is likely due to a high digestive absorption of MDMA by curcumin or non-metabolizing of MDMA when using curcumin.
Hamidreza Banafsheh, Azam Mesdaghinia, Fatemeh Sadat Ghoreishi , Hamidreza Gilasi, Zohreh Kashani , Mostafa Gholami , Amir Ghaderi,
Volume 22, Issue 5 (10-2018)
Abstract
Background: The current prevalence rates indicate an increasing trend of substance abuse among women. This study aimed at determining the pattern of consumption and causative factors for tendency to drug abuse in woman referred to addiction treatment centers.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the study population was all women referred to addiction treatment centers of Kashan during 2017-2018. The research instrument was a demographic information questionnaire, causes of drug abuse tendency and structured clinical interviews with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Psychiatric Disorders (SCID) to assess the substance abuse disorder.
Results: The mean age and onset age of drug abuse were 40±10.3 and 25±6.4 years, respectively. Opium was the most common abused drug (81%) and smoking was the most cited method for drug abuse. Ten percent of the patients had a history of injection. The main causes of drug tendency from the perspective of the patients were addict family (77%), easy access to drugs (64%), as well as depression and disappointment (56%).
Conclusion: The pattern of drug abuse among women undergoing the method one maintenance treatment in Kashan is traditional on the basis of the opium derivatives. The addict family was the main cause of drug abuse. Therefore, it would be necessary to pay more attention to the family of the patients as vulnerable groups in planning and to provide training on the causes of drug abuse tendency and preventive measures.
Seyyed Vali Kazemi-Rezaei, Seyyed Ali Kazemi-Rezaei,
Volume 24, Issue 2 (4-2020)
Abstract
Background: In the contemporary world most people's lives have been affected by modern communication technologies such as mobile phones and computers. The entrance of mobile phones into daily communication and usage has led to new changes in medical and health perspectives. In fact, “Text Neck Syndrome" is a worrying situation and has the potential to affect millions of people around the world.
Materials and Methods: The search articles was done in databases PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar and due to the widespread use and prevalence of Smartphone use in the past decade, articles about the years 2010 up to 2019 were extracted. To extract the articles, was used from the related keyword. Then, considering the main subject of the present study and criteria inclusion and exclusion, 10 articles were selected for final investigation.
Results: After reviewing the full text of 10 articles related to the study subject that were chosen for the final review, the results of those articles are described briefly in Table 1 and completely in the discussion section. There is a direct relationship between the duration of phone calls, playing with mobile phones, browsing and the number of texting during the day and musculoskeletal disorders.
Conclusion: The text neck syndrome can cause forward head and rounded shoulder postures, as well as chronic pain in the neck, shoulders, hands, and fingers.
Salman Zarei, Ahmad Kazemipour,
Volume 25, Issue 1 (3-2021)
Abstract
Background: Due to the increasing rate of addiction and its destructive consequences, recognizing the factors that contribute to addiction tendency among adolescents can be a useful step toward prevention of addiction. Therefore, this present study aimed to investigate the moderating role of religious well-being and self-differentiation in the relationship between boredom and addiction tendency.
Materials and Methods: The research design was correlational. The statistical population was high school male students in Nourabad at the academic year 1397-1398 that a total of 360 students were selected by cluster sampling. Data were collected using multi-dimensional religious well-being inventory, multidimensional scale of boredom, differentiation of self-inventory-revised, and addiction proneness scale. Then, collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and hierarchical linear regression.
Results: The results showed a positive and significant relationship between boredom and addiction tendency (r=0.44, P<0.01), a negative and significant relationship between religious well-being and addiction tendency (r=-0.29, P<0.01) and between self-differentiation and addiction tendency (r=-0.38, P<0.01). Also, based on hierarchical regression’ results the moderating role of religious well-being (β=0.16, P<0.01) and self-differentiation (β=0.25, P<0.01) in the relationship between boredom and addiction tendency was confirmed.
Conclusion: The present provided evidence for the moderating role of religious well-being and self-differentiation in the relationship between boredom and addiction proneness. Therefore, developing religious well-being and training self-differentiation among adolescents could be a good way to protect them in the face of boredom and addiction tendency.
Afshin Ahmadvand, Motahhareh Mansournejad, Zahra Sepehrmanesh,
Volume 27, Issue 1 (3-2023)
Abstract
Background: Sexual dysfunction is a common complication of methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) and buprenorphine maintenance therapy (BMT). The aim of this study was to evaluate of sexual function in addicted men under treatment with methadone and buprenorphine.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 30 men undergoing methadone maintenance treatment (n=15) and buprenorphine (n=15) were included in the study in Kashan addiction treatment centers. The Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS) questionnaire was used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 software and using Fisher's exact tests, independent t test and linear regression.
Results: There was no significant difference in the mean total score of sexual performance between the methadone (38.40±13.58) and buprenorphine (38.33±14.56) groups (P=0.733).
Conclusion: The results showed that in both groups, sexual performance was at an unfavorable level, and therefore, it is recommended that future studies focus on providing strategies to improve sexual performance and satisfaction in patients undergoing maintenance treatment with methadone and buprenorphine.
Hamid Reza Gilasi, Sayyed Alireza Talaei, Mahtab Hodavand, Hossein Biqam, Hamzeh Arbab, Pouran Kordi-Ardestani, Fatemeh Mohebbi,
Volume 27, Issue 2 (5-2023)
Abstract
Background: Internet addiction is one of the problems that has arisen with the advancement of technology, which has negative effects on people's physical and mental health. This study aimed to investigating the effect of using the internet and social networks in students of Kashan University of Medical Sciences.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 238 students of Kashan University of Medical Sciences were selected by stratified random method in 2019. To collect data, a standard questionnaire prepared by the professors and experts of the mental health center of the Ministry of Health was used. The data was analyzed through SPSS and using chi-square test.
Results: The findings showed that 16.1% of students were addicted to social networks, which was 18.4% and 12.7% among women and men, respectively. Also, it can be mentioned that male students use more online and offline computer games than female students (P<0.05). The rate of use of dormitory students for searching news and surfing the web and downloading movies and music was more than students of living at home (P<0.05), also.
Conclusion: Considering that 16.1% of students devote at least 8 hours of their time daily to use the internet, this can be a reason for their academic failure. Hence, it is necessary to hold educational workshops about the advantages and disadvantages of internet.
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