History and Objectives: Due to wide spread use of xanthenic compounds as flavoring agents in food industries and their application in the pharmaceutical industry, the effect these substances on human has attracted attention of many investigators. However, since little information is available on the effect of Caffeine on endocrine and reproductive system, the present study is designed to elucidate the teratogenic and other effects of Caffeine on adult rate reproductive system and on the histology of embryo during pregnancy.

Materials and Methods: An experimental study on 28 female Wistar rat (Weight 200-240 gr) was carried out. They were divided into 3 control, sham and experimental groups. On the basis of LD50 (185 mg/kg), 60 mg/kg of Caffeine was injected intrapertioneally. Toxic effect of Caffeine on blood samples and reproductive system were determined. Weight, C-R values and developmental defects were studied on the embryo. Statistical ANOVA analysis was performed.

Results: The results indicate that Caffeine reduces ovarian size, follicular atresia, increase size of corpus luteum and increases luteinization of ovaries. In addition Caffeine induces developmental defects in embryo by reduction of C-R value, retarded growth of organs responsible for movement and bulging of brain.

Conclusion: Caffeine induces histologic changes on the reproductive system of adult female rat and her embryo. Further study on the effect of Caffeine in control of reproduction is recommended. In addition, the effect of Caffeine usage by pregnant mother on the well being of embryo and her reproductive system is recommended.

Background: During the recent years a large number of microwave radiating appliances, e.g. cell phone, radio, television, electric home appliances, etc, have been produced and used in a wide range. Therefore ٫ researchers in biology have paid special attention to the effects of the waves on the human health and the animal growth process. This research studies the effects of the cell phone waves (940 MHz) on the hematopoietic system of immature Balb/C mice.

Materials and Methods: In this experimental research a microwave generating system (940 MHz) consisting of a special cage with two built-in cell phones was used. Immature mice were exposed to the waves of two active cell phones for 30 min /daily for a period of fifteen days. Having completed the feeding and caring process ٫ the mice from three control, sham-exposed and experimental groups were dissected. To assay blood parameters, blood was taken from the heart and to carry out the histological studies, spleen, liver and bone marrow were prepared for light microscopy studies. The quantitative data were analyzed with SPSS software and one-way ANOVA with the consideration of the significant level of p<0.05.

Results : The cell phone waves (940MHz) have no significant effect on the number of WBC, Hb, MCV, MCH, MCHC (p>0.05). While a decrease in the number of white pulp lymphocytes, and megakaryocytes in the experimental samples were seen compared to the control and sham-exposed groups (p≤0.001), the number of white pulp, spleen diameter and diameter of white pulp had no significant difference in control and sham-exposed and experimental groups (p>0.05). In the liver of experimental mice, the number of mononuclear cell complexes and Kupffer cells had a significant decrease compared to the control group (p≤0.001). The number of hepatocytes in both control and experimental groups showed no significant difference (p>0.05).There was an increase in the mean number of bone marrow cells and their division compared to the control samples (p≤0.001).

Conclusion : The cell phones waves have an effect on some cells of liver, spleen and bone marrow in immature BALB/c mice.

Background: Recent studies indicate the potential role of bee venom (BV) in cancer therapy. Moreover, many evidences suggest that the regulation of apoptosis plays an important role in tumorigenesis. Considering the apoptosis-inducing and anti-tumor effect of BV, this study aimed to determine the type of the cell death induced by BV on MOLT-4 cancer cell line.

Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, MOLT-4 cells were first cultured in RPMI-1640 medium in plate, then the cells were treated with different concentrations (1, 3, 6 and 8 μg/ml) of BV for 24 and 48 h. Morphology of cells, cell viability and type of the cell death were induced by BV were evaluated using inverted microscopy, the MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively.

Results: Cell survival findings showed the BV CC50 values of 6.3 and 0.6 μg/ ml for the cell line in 24 and 48 h, respectively. Moreover, Morphological and Annexin-V antibody analyses indicated that the BV-induced cell death might be an apoptosis.

Conclusion: As BV can induce the apoptosis in MOLT-4 cancer cells. Thus, it would bring hope for designing novel drugs for cancer-therapy in future.