Background: Efficacy of Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy and Traditional Cognitive Behavior Therapy in reduction of psychiatric symptoms of patients with Major Depressive Disorder in 2007 is considered in this study.

Materials and Methods: This clinical-experimental study was carried out on 90 patients randomly selected from 160 cases referr ing to Tehran University Consulting Centers, Shahed University and Saba Rehabilitation Clinic and met DSM-IV criteria for Major Depressive Disorder. They were divided into 3 equal groups including CBT (Cognitive Behavior Therapy), MBCT (Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy)] with CBT, and TAU (Treatment As Usual). The first and second groups received psychological treatment while the third ones received medications. They were between 18 and 45 years old with two depression episodes and evaluated through the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) and self–report by Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), in two pre and post tests. Data were analyzed by t-test, and Co-variance analysis.

Results: MBCT with CBT and CBT groups have significantly reduced psychiatric symptoms and psychological distress. The combined method has effects similar with traditional CBT therapy.

Conclusion: Elements from MBCT and CBT in comparison to CBT made treatment more effective.

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has infected over half of the world’s population. Among the long-term outcomes of H.pylori infection is gastric malignancies, particularly gastric cancer and gastric mucosa-associated tissue (MALT) lymphoma. In recent years, the attention has been drawn to the possible association of H. pylori infections not only with gastric and duodenal disorders but also with several gastrointestinal diseases (e.g. liver and biliary diseases). H. pylori have recently found to be associated with some diseases of the biliary tree. Earlier reports on the detection of H. pylori in the gallbladder mucosa of patients with biliary disease have shown contradictory results which requires further studies. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the presence of H. pylori in gallbladder mucosa of patients with a diagnosis of chronic cholecystitis using histological study of surgical gallbladder specimens.

Materials and Methods: In the present study, gallbladder samples (total no=70) from patients with chronic cholecystitis were collected at Shariati hospital (Isfahan, Iran) from February to April 2015. Giemsa staining was used to detect H. pylori in gallbladder mucosa.

Results: Using Giemsa staining in 18 (25.7%) out of 70 patients gallbladder mucosa were positive for H. pylori. There was an association between the presence of H. pylori in the gallbladder mucosa and chronic cholecystitis. (P<0.001)

Conclusion: H. pylori can be detected in gallbladder mucosa of patients with chronic cholecystitis. Further studies are needed to support these findings.