History and Objectives: Due to the prevalence of cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Iran and the fact that Glucantime treatment is an optional choice of remedy for the patients and due to discrepancies on the side effects of Glucantime on liver and kidney and in order to determine the effect of Glucantime on blood glucose and urine proteins of patients with cutaneous Leishmaniasis, the present study was carried out on patients referred to the Aran-Bidgol Central Laboratory in 1998.

Materials and Methods: A clinical trial was performed in 3 steps before, during and after treatment. Informed consent was obtained from 50 patients. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis was confirmed by Giemsa staining, presence of Leishman alcohol and absence of proteinuria and blood glucose levels lower than 130 mg/dl. Personal records pertaining to age, sex, educational level and residence was gathered. Blood glucose was determined with autoanalyzer and the presence of protein in urine was detected by Biomeriux urine strip test. 50 mg/kg/day of Glucantime was injected to each patient and above-mentioned tests were taken again and after 10 and 21 days, blood sugar and urine protein were determined. Statistical analysis was performed on the data.

Results: 70% of patients were males and 30% were female with mean age of 25±17 years. Proteinuria was 12% and 36% at 10 days after treatment and at the end of the study respectively. These results were significant (P<0.001). Proteinuria was observed in males more than females. However, educational levels and location of residency have no significant effect. Blood glucose levels decreased 21.2% after treatment by Glucantime (P<0.001). However, sex location of residency and educational levels did not have any significant difference.

Conclusion: It is suggested that patient under going Glucantime treatment, should have their blood glucose and urine protein checked during different stages of therapy.