History and Objectives: Due to the possibility of side effects of Glucantime on blood parameters and in order to determine its effect on blood parameters, this study was performed on patients with cutaneous Leishmaniasis referred to central laboratory in Kashan in 1375.

Materials and Methods: A clinical trial with comparison of peripheral blood smear before and after treatment in 70 patients with cutaneous Leishmaniasis, considering age, occupation and residential place of the patients complete blood count with RBC indices and platelet count were performed. Then Glucantime was administered 50 mg/kg day for 21 days by intramuscular injection and on the last day of treatment all the above examinations were repeated under the same conditions. Results were recorded and changes in blood parameters were compared by paired t-test.

Results: This study revealed that treatment with Glucantime results in decrease in the number platelets (4.6%), red blood cells (2.5%), white blood cells (10.4%), monocytes (12.7%) and increase in ESR (50.4%), lymphocytes (8.5%), eosinophils (3.4%), basophils (0.2%), MCH (0.17%), MCV (2.4%), MCHC (0.23%) while the average neutrophil and monocyte count, HCT, Hb and absolute WBC, RBC and platelet counts were decreased.

Conclusion: Due to resulting changes following Glucantime administration, it is recommended to perform CBC and ESR in patients with cutaneous Leishmaniasis before treatment with Glucantime in order to use other therapeutic options in the presence of a hematologic disease.