History and Objectives: Considering the incidence and incremental trend for kidney grafting and the significance of initiation of diuresis and the positive effect of mannitol and overhydration and for evaluation of simultaneous use of them, this study was carried out on referrals of Labafinejad hospital in 2000.

Materials and Methods: The quasi-experimental strategy of this study was carried out on 40 patients with indications for kidney grafting with their written consent. Twenty min before anastomosis of renal vein, intravenous injection of mannitol (5 ml/kg) was initiated and its effect on the initiation of diuresis in min was recorded with a confidence interval of 95%.

Results: This study was performed on 40 patients (25 females and 15 males) with an average age of 33.6 years and average weight of 52.6kg. The results showed that in 80% of patients, diuresis was initiated in less than a minute and in 90% of them, diuresis was initiated in less than 2 min.

Conclusion and Recommendations: Simultaneous use of mannitol and overhydration could accelerate the initiation of diuresis and because this is very important in survival of grafted kidney, therefore it recommended to carry out thorough experimental study.