Background: Considering the high prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD), its serious problems for mother, child and family and the importance of identification of its risk factors this study has been carried out to evaluate the relationship between the method of delivery and PPD.

Materials and Methods: This analytical case control study with goal based sampling included 460 women referred to Kashan health care centers in 2-3 first months after their delivery during 2005-2006. They allocated to 2 equal groups of depressed (case) and normal (control) one per Beck depression test. Gender and gravida were matched in 2 groups. Data analyzed with Chi-Square test, T-test,OR, and CI.

Results: There was no significant relationship between the method of delivery and PPD (OR=1.28). In case group the rate of Cesarean section was 46.1% and in control group 52.2%. In this subject, there was significant relationship between housbands job and PPD (p=0.047). There was no significant relationship between mother education and her job, number of her children and unplanned pregnancy with PPD.

Conclusions: There was no relationship between the method of delivery and PPD. There was less PPD in women whose hausbands had a staffing job. It is recommended to do more study on this subject.